‹ Все свойства
Энергии ионизации
Последовательные энергии, необходимые для отрыва электронов от газообразного атома. Резкие скачки между ступенями указывают на начало более глубокой оболочки.
Минимум 3,893906 eV Цезий
Максимум 24,587389 eV Гелий
Среднее 7,923129 eV
Доступно данных 108 из 118
| Символ | Название | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | H | Водород | 13,598435 | — | — | — | — |
| 2 | He | Гелий | 24,587389 | 54,417953 | — | — | — |
| 3 | Li | Литий | 5,391715 | 75,640357 | 122,454781 | — | — |
| 4 | Be | Бериллий | 9,322699 | 18,211213 | 153,896735 | 217,719334 | — |
| 5 | B | Бор | 8,298019 | 25,154917 | 37,930721 | 259,375272 | 340,227194 |
| 6 | C | Углерод | 11,260288 | 24,383227 | 47,887945 | 64,493742 | 392,09191 |
| 7 | N | Азот | 14,53413 | 29,601352 | 47,445463 | 77,473767 | 97,890437 |
| 8 | O | Кислород | 13,618055 | 35,121241 | 54,935729 | 77,413766 | 113,899392 |
| 9 | F | Фтор | 17,42282 | 34,97093 | 62,708196 | 87,1753 | 114,249393 |
| 10 | Ne | Неон | 21,564541 | 40,963111 | 63,423518 | 97,190335 | 126,247435 |
| 11 | Na | Натрий | 5,139077 | 47,286523 | 71,620247 | 98,936341 | 138,404476 |
| 12 | Mg | Магний | 7,646236 | 15,035323 | 80,143876 | 109,265776 | 141,330486 |
| 13 | Al | Алюминий | 5,985769 | 18,828615 | 28,44774 | 119,992813 | 153,825729 |
| 14 | Si | Кремний | 8,15168 | 16,345906 | 33,493115 | 45,141945 | 166,767574 |
| 15 | P | Фосфор | 10,486686 | 19,769558 | 30,202744 | 51,444047 | 65,025334 |
| 16 | S | Сера | 10,360017 | 23,33796 | 34,86012 | 47,222163 | 72,59475 |
| 17 | Cl | Хлор | 12,967633 | 23,813722 | 39,800137 | 53,240183 | 67,680233 |
| 18 | Ar | Аргон | 15,759612 | 27,629765 | 40,73514 | 59,580205 | 74,840258 |
| 19 | K | Калий | 4,340664 | 31,625109 | 45,803258 | 60,91721 | 82,660285 |
| 20 | Ca | Кальций | 6,113155 | 11,87176 | 50,913335 | 67,273432 | 84,34029 |
| 21 | Sc | Скандий | 6,56149 | 12,799814 | 24,756924 | 73,489653 | 91,950317 |
| 22 | Ti | Титан | 6,82812 | 13,575547 | 27,491805 | 43,267319 | 99,299342 |
| 23 | V | Ванадий | 6,746187 | 14,63405 | 29,311201 | 46,709161 | 65,281875 |
| 24 | Cr | Хром | 6,76651 | 16,486362 | 30,959107 | 49,160169 | 69,460239 |
| 25 | Mn | Марганец | 7,434038 | 15,640044 | 33,668116 | 51,210176 | 72,410249 |
| 26 | Fe | Железо | 7,902468 | 16,199266 | 30,651106 | 54,910189 | 75,000258 |
| 27 | Co | Кобальт | 7,88101 | 17,084459 | 33,500115 | 51,270176 | 79,500274 |
| 28 | Ni | Никель | 7,639878 | 18,168901 | 35,187121 | 54,920189 | 76,060262 |
| 29 | Cu | Медь | 7,72638 | 20,29246 | 36,841127 | 57,380198 | 79,800275 |
| 30 | Zn | Цинк | 9,394197 | 17,964452 | 39,723437 | 59,573205 | 82,600284 |
| 31 | Ga | Галлий | 5,999302 | 20,515211 | 30,725866 | 63,241218 | 86,010296 |
| 32 | Ge | Германий | 7,899435 | 15,934665 | 34,057717 | 45,715657 | 90,500312 |
| 33 | As | Мышьяк | 9,78855 | 18,589264 | 28,349098 | 50,150173 | 62,770216 |
| 34 | Se | Селен | 9,752368 | 21,196073 | 31,697109 | 42,947148 | 68,300235 |
| 35 | Br | Бром | 11,81381 | 21,591074 | 34,87112 | 47,782164 | 59,595205 |
| 36 | Kr | Криптон | 13,999605 | 24,359924 | 35,838123 | 50,850175 | 64,690223 |
| 37 | Rb | Рубидий | 4,177128 | 27,289634 | 39,247135 | 52,20018 | 68,440236 |
| 38 | Sr | Стронций | 5,694867 | 11,030314 | 42,883678 | 56,280194 | 70,700243 |
| 39 | Y | Иттрий | 6,21726 | 12,223642 | 20,524481 | 60,607409 | 75,350259 |
| 40 | Zr | Цирконий | 6,634126 | 13,130045 | 23,17008 | 34,418478 | 80,348277 |
| 41 | Nb | Ниобий | 6,75885 | 14,320049 | 25,040086 | 37,611129 | 50,572974 |
| 42 | Mo | Молибден | 7,09243 | 16,160056 | 27,130093 | 40,330139 | 54,417187 |
| 43 | Tc | Технеций | 7,11938 | 15,260053 | 29,550102 | 41,000141 | 57,000196 |
| 44 | Ru | Рутений | 7,3605 | 16,760058 | 28,470098 | 45,000155 | 59,000203 |
| 45 | Rh | Родий | 7,4589 | 18,080062 | 31,060107 | 42,000145 | 63,000217 |
| 46 | Pd | Палладий | 8,336839 | 19,430067 | 32,930113 | 46,000158 | 61,00021 |
| 47 | Ag | Серебро | 7,576234 | 21,484474 | 34,80012 | 49,000169 | 65,000224 |
| 48 | Cd | Кадмий | 8,99382 | 16,908371 | 37,468129 | 51,000176 | 67,900234 |
| 49 | In | Индий | 5,786356 | 18,870475 | 28,044247 | 55,450191 | 69,300239 |
| 50 | Sn | Олово | 7,343918 | 14,63312 | 30,506105 | 40,74014 | 77,030265 |
| 51 | Sb | Сурьма | 8,608389 | 16,626057 | 25,323587 | 43,804151 | 55,000189 |
| 52 | Te | Теллур | 9,009808 | 18,600064 | 27,840096 | 37,415629 | 59,300204 |
| 53 | I | Йод | 10,451236 | 19,131326 | 29,570102 | 40,357139 | 51,520177 |
| 54 | Xe | Ксенон | 12,129844 | 20,975072 | 31,050107 | 42,200145 | 54,100186 |
| 55 | Cs | Цезий | 3,893906 | 23,15753 | 33,195114 | 43,000148 | 56,000193 |
| 56 | Ba | Барий | 5,211665 | 10,00386 | 35,843923 | 47,000162 | 58,0002 |
| 57 | La | Лантан | 5,5769 | 11,184999 | 19,177366 | 49,950172 | 61,600212 |
| 58 | Ce | Церий | 5,5386 | 10,956038 | 20,19747 | 36,906127 | 65,550226 |
| 59 | Pr | Празеодим | 5,4702 | 10,631037 | 21,623774 | 38,981134 | 57,530198 |
| 60 | Nd | Неодим | 5,52475 | 10,783037 | 22,090076 | 40,60014 | 60,000207 |
| 61 | Pm | Прометий | 5,58187 | 10,938038 | 22,440077 | 41,170142 | 61,700212 |
| 62 | Sm | Самарий | 5,643722 | 11,078038 | 23,550081 | 41,640143 | 62,700216 |
| 63 | Eu | Европий | 5,670385 | 11,240039 | 24,840086 | 42,940148 | 63,200218 |
| 64 | Gd | Гадолиний | 6,1498 | 12,076042 | 20,540071 | 44,440153 | 64,800223 |
| 65 | Tb | Тербий | 5,8638 | 11,51304 | 21,820075 | 39,330135 | 66,500229 |
| 66 | Dy | Диспрозий | 5,939061 | 11,64704 | 22,890079 | 41,230142 | 62,100214 |
| 67 | Ho | Гольмий | 6,0215 | 11,781041 | 22,790078 | 42,520146 | 63,90022 |
| 68 | Er | Эрбий | 6,1077 | 11,916041 | 22,700078 | 42,420146 | 65,100224 |
| 69 | Tm | Тулий | 6,184402 | 12,065042 | 23,660081 | 42,410146 | 65,400225 |
| 70 | Yb | Иттербий | 6,25416 | 12,179227 | 25,053086 | 43,61015 | 65,600226 |
| 71 | Lu | Лютеций | 5,425871 | 14,130049 | 20,959472 | 45,249156 | 66,80023 |
| 72 | Hf | Гафний | 6,82507 | 14,61005 | 22,550078 | 33,370115 | 68,370235 |
| 73 | Ta | Тантал | 7,549571 | 16,200056 | 23,10008 | 35,00012 | 48,272166 |
| 74 | W | Вольфрам | 7,86403 | 16,370056 | 26,000089 | 38,200131 | 51,600178 |
| 75 | Re | Рений | 7,83352 | 16,600057 | 27,000093 | 39,100135 | 51,900179 |
| 76 | Os | Осмий | 8,43823 | 17,000059 | 25,000086 | 41,000141 | 55,000189 |
| 77 | Ir | Иридий | 8,96702 | 17,000059 | 28,000096 | 40,000138 | 57,000196 |
| 78 | Pt | Платина | 8,95883 | 18,560064 | 29,0001 | 43,000148 | 56,000193 |
| 79 | Au | Золото | 9,225554 | 20,20307 | 30,000103 | 45,000155 | 60,000207 |
| 80 | Hg | Ртуть | 10,437504 | 18,756945 | 34,490119 | 48,550167 | 61,200211 |
| 81 | Tl | Таллий | 6,108287 | 20,42837 | 29,852103 | 51,140176 | 62,600215 |
| 82 | Pb | Свинец | 7,41668 | 15,032551 | 31,93741 | 42,332706 | 68,800237 |
| 83 | Bi | Висмут | 7,285516 | 16,703057 | 25,570838 | 45,370156 | 54,856189 |
| 84 | Po | Полоний | 8,41807 | 19,300066 | 27,300094 | 36,000124 | 57,000196 |
| 85 | At | Астат | 9,31751 | 17,880062 | 26,580091 | 39,650136 | 50,390173 |
| 86 | Rn | Радон | 10,7485 | 18,990065 | 29,400101 | 36,900127 | 52,900182 |
| 87 | Fr | Франций | 4,072741 | 22,400077 | 33,500115 | 39,100135 | 50,000172 |
| 88 | Ra | Радий | 5,278424 | 10,147215 | 31,000107 | 41,000141 | 52,900182 |
| 89 | Ac | Актиний | 5,380235 | 11,75004 | 17,43606 | 44,800154 | 55,000189 |
| 90 | Th | Торий | 6,3067 | 12,100042 | 18,320063 | 28,648099 | 58,0002 |
| 91 | Pa | Протактиний | 5,89 | 11,900041 | 18,600064 | 30,900106 | 44,300152 |
| 92 | U | Уран | 6,19405 | 11,60004 | 19,800068 | 36,700126 | 46,000158 |
| 93 | Np | Нептуний | 6,265608 | 11,50004 | 19,700068 | 33,800116 | 48,000165 |
| 94 | Pu | Плутоний | 6,02576 | 11,50004 | 21,100073 | 35,00012 | 49,000169 |
| 95 | Am | Америций | 5,97381 | 11,70004 | 21,700075 | 36,800127 | 50,000172 |
| 96 | Cm | Кюрий | 5,992241 | 12,400043 | 20,100069 | 37,70013 | 51,000176 |
| 97 | Bk | Берклий | 6,19785 | 11,900041 | 21,600074 | 36,000124 | 56,000193 |
| 98 | Cf | Калифорний | 6,281878 | 12,000041 | 22,400077 | 37,70013 | 51,900179 |
| 99 | Es | Эйнштейний | 6,3684 | 12,200042 | 22,700078 | 38,800134 | 54,100186 |
| 100 | Fm | Фермий | 6,5 | 12,400043 | 23,20008 | 39,300135 | 55,000189 |
| 101 | Md | Менделевий | 6,58 | 12,400043 | 24,300084 | 40,000138 | 54,100186 |
| 102 | No | Нобелий | 6,62621 | 12,930045 | 25,800089 | 41,500143 | 60,000207 |
| 103 | Lr | Лоуренсий | 4,96 | 14,54005 | 21,800075 | 43,60015 | 56,000193 |
| 104 | Rf | Резерфордий | 6,02 | 14,350049 | 23,840082 | 31,87011 | 64,00022 |
| 105 | Db | Дубний | 6,8 | 14,000048 | 23,10008 | 33,000114 | 43,000148 |
| 106 | Sg | Сиборгий | 7,8 | 17,100059 | 25,800089 | 35,500122 | 47,200162 |
| 107 | Bh | Борий | 7,7 | 17,50006 | 26,700092 | 37,300128 | 49,000169 |
| 108 | Hs | Хассий | 7,6 | 18,200063 | 29,300101 | 37,70013 | 51,200176 |
| 109 | Mt | Мейтнерий | — | — | — | — | 50,000172 |
| 110 | Ds | Дармштадтий | — | — | — | — | — |
| 111 | Rg | Рентгений | — | — | — | — | — |
| 112 | Cn | Коперниций | — | — | — | — | — |
| 113 | Nh | Нихоний | — | — | — | — | — |
| 114 | Fl | Флеровий | — | — | — | — | — |
| 115 | Mc | Московий | — | — | — | — | — |
| 116 | Lv | Ливерморий | — | — | — | — | — |
| 117 | Ts | Теннессин | — | — | — | — | — |
| 118 | Og | Оганесон | — | — | — | — | — |
Источники и примечания
- Статистика считается по первой энергии ионизации; в таблице приведены все измеренные ступени.