‹ ਸਾਰੀਆਂ ਵਿਸ਼ੇਸ਼ਤਾਵਾਂ
Ionization energies
Successive energies required to remove electrons from a gaseous atom. Large jumps between successive steps indicate the start of a deeper shell.
| ਪ੍ਰਤੀਕ | ਨਾਮ | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | H | Hydrogen | 13.598435 | — | — | — | — |
| 2 | He | Helium | 24.587389 | 54.417953 | — | — | — |
| 3 | Li | Lithium | 5.391715 | 75.640357 | 122.454781 | — | — |
| 4 | Be | Beryllium | 9.322699 | 18.211213 | 153.896735 | 217.719334 | — |
| 5 | B | Boron | 8.298019 | 25.154917 | 37.930721 | 259.375272 | 340.227194 |
| 6 | C | Carbon | 11.260288 | 24.383227 | 47.887945 | 64.493742 | 392.09191 |
| 7 | N | Nitrogen | 14.53413 | 29.601352 | 47.445463 | 77.473767 | 97.890437 |
| 8 | O | Oxygen | 13.618055 | 35.121241 | 54.935729 | 77.413766 | 113.899392 |
| 9 | F | Fluorine | 17.42282 | 34.97093 | 62.708196 | 87.1753 | 114.249393 |
| 10 | Ne | Neon | 21.564541 | 40.963111 | 63.423518 | 97.190335 | 126.247435 |
| 11 | Na | Sodium | 5.139077 | 47.286523 | 71.620247 | 98.936341 | 138.404476 |
| 12 | Mg | Magnesium | 7.646236 | 15.035323 | 80.143876 | 109.265776 | 141.330486 |
| 13 | Al | Aluminum | 5.985769 | 18.828615 | 28.44774 | 119.992813 | 153.825729 |
| 14 | Si | Silicon | 8.15168 | 16.345906 | 33.493115 | 45.141945 | 166.767574 |
| 15 | P | Phosphorus | 10.486686 | 19.769558 | 30.202744 | 51.444047 | 65.025334 |
| 16 | S | Sulfur | 10.360017 | 23.33796 | 34.86012 | 47.222163 | 72.59475 |
| 17 | Cl | Chlorine | 12.967633 | 23.813722 | 39.800137 | 53.240183 | 67.680233 |
| 18 | Ar | Argon | 15.759612 | 27.629765 | 40.73514 | 59.580205 | 74.840258 |
| 19 | K | Potassium | 4.340664 | 31.625109 | 45.803258 | 60.91721 | 82.660285 |
| 20 | Ca | Calcium | 6.113155 | 11.87176 | 50.913335 | 67.273432 | 84.34029 |
| 21 | Sc | Scandium | 6.56149 | 12.799814 | 24.756924 | 73.489653 | 91.950317 |
| 22 | Ti | Titanium | 6.82812 | 13.575547 | 27.491805 | 43.267319 | 99.299342 |
| 23 | V | Vanadium | 6.746187 | 14.63405 | 29.311201 | 46.709161 | 65.281875 |
| 24 | Cr | Chromium | 6.76651 | 16.486362 | 30.959107 | 49.160169 | 69.460239 |
| 25 | Mn | Manganese | 7.434038 | 15.640044 | 33.668116 | 51.210176 | 72.410249 |
| 26 | Fe | Iron | 7.902468 | 16.199266 | 30.651106 | 54.910189 | 75.000258 |
| 27 | Co | Cobalt | 7.88101 | 17.084459 | 33.500115 | 51.270176 | 79.500274 |
| 28 | Ni | Nickel | 7.639878 | 18.168901 | 35.187121 | 54.920189 | 76.060262 |
| 29 | Cu | Copper | 7.72638 | 20.29246 | 36.841127 | 57.380198 | 79.800275 |
| 30 | Zn | Zinc | 9.394197 | 17.964452 | 39.723437 | 59.573205 | 82.600284 |
| 31 | Ga | Gallium | 5.999302 | 20.515211 | 30.725866 | 63.241218 | 86.010296 |
| 32 | Ge | Germanium | 7.899435 | 15.934665 | 34.057717 | 45.715657 | 90.500312 |
| 33 | As | Arsenic | 9.78855 | 18.589264 | 28.349098 | 50.150173 | 62.770216 |
| 34 | Se | Selenium | 9.752368 | 21.196073 | 31.697109 | 42.947148 | 68.300235 |
| 35 | Br | Bromine | 11.81381 | 21.591074 | 34.87112 | 47.782164 | 59.595205 |
| 36 | Kr | Krypton | 13.999605 | 24.359924 | 35.838123 | 50.850175 | 64.690223 |
| 37 | Rb | Rubidium | 4.177128 | 27.289634 | 39.247135 | 52.20018 | 68.440236 |
| 38 | Sr | Strontium | 5.694867 | 11.030314 | 42.883678 | 56.280194 | 70.700243 |
| 39 | Y | Yttrium | 6.21726 | 12.223642 | 20.524481 | 60.607409 | 75.350259 |
| 40 | Zr | Zirconium | 6.634126 | 13.130045 | 23.17008 | 34.418478 | 80.348277 |
| 41 | Nb | Niobium | 6.75885 | 14.320049 | 25.040086 | 37.611129 | 50.572974 |
| 42 | Mo | Molybdenum | 7.09243 | 16.160056 | 27.130093 | 40.330139 | 54.417187 |
| 43 | Tc | Technetium | 7.11938 | 15.260053 | 29.550102 | 41.000141 | 57.000196 |
| 44 | Ru | Ruthenium | 7.3605 | 16.760058 | 28.470098 | 45.000155 | 59.000203 |
| 45 | Rh | Rhodium | 7.4589 | 18.080062 | 31.060107 | 42.000145 | 63.000217 |
| 46 | Pd | Palladium | 8.336839 | 19.430067 | 32.930113 | 46.000158 | 61.00021 |
| 47 | Ag | Silver | 7.576234 | 21.484474 | 34.80012 | 49.000169 | 65.000224 |
| 48 | Cd | Cadmium | 8.99382 | 16.908371 | 37.468129 | 51.000176 | 67.900234 |
| 49 | In | Indium | 5.786356 | 18.870475 | 28.044247 | 55.450191 | 69.300239 |
| 50 | Sn | Tin | 7.343918 | 14.63312 | 30.506105 | 40.74014 | 77.030265 |
| 51 | Sb | Antimony | 8.608389 | 16.626057 | 25.323587 | 43.804151 | 55.000189 |
| 52 | Te | Tellurium | 9.009808 | 18.600064 | 27.840096 | 37.415629 | 59.300204 |
| 53 | I | Iodine | 10.451236 | 19.131326 | 29.570102 | 40.357139 | 51.520177 |
| 54 | Xe | Xenon | 12.129844 | 20.975072 | 31.050107 | 42.200145 | 54.100186 |
| 55 | Cs | Cesium | 3.893906 | 23.15753 | 33.195114 | 43.000148 | 56.000193 |
| 56 | Ba | Barium | 5.211665 | 10.00386 | 35.843923 | 47.000162 | 58.0002 |
| 57 | La | Lanthanum | 5.5769 | 11.184999 | 19.177366 | 49.950172 | 61.600212 |
| 58 | Ce | Cerium | 5.5386 | 10.956038 | 20.19747 | 36.906127 | 65.550226 |
| 59 | Pr | Praseodymium | 5.4702 | 10.631037 | 21.623774 | 38.981134 | 57.530198 |
| 60 | Nd | Neodymium | 5.52475 | 10.783037 | 22.090076 | 40.60014 | 60.000207 |
| 61 | Pm | Promethium | 5.58187 | 10.938038 | 22.440077 | 41.170142 | 61.700212 |
| 62 | Sm | Samarium | 5.643722 | 11.078038 | 23.550081 | 41.640143 | 62.700216 |
| 63 | Eu | Europium | 5.670385 | 11.240039 | 24.840086 | 42.940148 | 63.200218 |
| 64 | Gd | Gadolinium | 6.1498 | 12.076042 | 20.540071 | 44.440153 | 64.800223 |
| 65 | Tb | Terbium | 5.8638 | 11.51304 | 21.820075 | 39.330135 | 66.500229 |
| 66 | Dy | Dysprosium | 5.939061 | 11.64704 | 22.890079 | 41.230142 | 62.100214 |
| 67 | Ho | Holmium | 6.0215 | 11.781041 | 22.790078 | 42.520146 | 63.90022 |
| 68 | Er | Erbium | 6.1077 | 11.916041 | 22.700078 | 42.420146 | 65.100224 |
| 69 | Tm | Thulium | 6.184402 | 12.065042 | 23.660081 | 42.410146 | 65.400225 |
| 70 | Yb | Ytterbium | 6.25416 | 12.179227 | 25.053086 | 43.61015 | 65.600226 |
| 71 | Lu | Lutetium | 5.425871 | 14.130049 | 20.959472 | 45.249156 | 66.80023 |
| 72 | Hf | Hafnium | 6.82507 | 14.61005 | 22.550078 | 33.370115 | 68.370235 |
| 73 | Ta | Tantalum | 7.549571 | 16.200056 | 23.10008 | 35.00012 | 48.272166 |
| 74 | W | Tungsten | 7.86403 | 16.370056 | 26.000089 | 38.200131 | 51.600178 |
| 75 | Re | Rhenium | 7.83352 | 16.600057 | 27.000093 | 39.100135 | 51.900179 |
| 76 | Os | Osmium | 8.43823 | 17.000059 | 25.000086 | 41.000141 | 55.000189 |
| 77 | Ir | Iridium | 8.96702 | 17.000059 | 28.000096 | 40.000138 | 57.000196 |
| 78 | Pt | Platinum | 8.95883 | 18.560064 | 29.0001 | 43.000148 | 56.000193 |
| 79 | Au | Gold | 9.225554 | 20.20307 | 30.000103 | 45.000155 | 60.000207 |
| 80 | Hg | Mercury | 10.437504 | 18.756945 | 34.490119 | 48.550167 | 61.200211 |
| 81 | Tl | Thallium | 6.108287 | 20.42837 | 29.852103 | 51.140176 | 62.600215 |
| 82 | Pb | Lead | 7.41668 | 15.032551 | 31.93741 | 42.332706 | 68.800237 |
| 83 | Bi | Bismuth | 7.285516 | 16.703057 | 25.570838 | 45.370156 | 54.856189 |
| 84 | Po | Polonium | 8.41807 | 19.300066 | 27.300094 | 36.000124 | 57.000196 |
| 85 | At | Astatine | 9.31751 | 17.880062 | 26.580091 | 39.650136 | 50.390173 |
| 86 | Rn | Radon | 10.7485 | 18.990065 | 29.400101 | 36.900127 | 52.900182 |
| 87 | Fr | Francium | 4.072741 | 22.400077 | 33.500115 | 39.100135 | 50.000172 |
| 88 | Ra | Radium | 5.278424 | 10.147215 | 31.000107 | 41.000141 | 52.900182 |
| 89 | Ac | Actinium | 5.380235 | 11.75004 | 17.43606 | 44.800154 | 55.000189 |
| 90 | Th | Thorium | 6.3067 | 12.100042 | 18.320063 | 28.648099 | 58.0002 |
| 91 | Pa | Protactinium | 5.89 | 11.900041 | 18.600064 | 30.900106 | 44.300152 |
| 92 | U | Uranium | 6.19405 | 11.60004 | 19.800068 | 36.700126 | 46.000158 |
| 93 | Np | Neptunium | 6.265608 | 11.50004 | 19.700068 | 33.800116 | 48.000165 |
| 94 | Pu | Plutonium | 6.02576 | 11.50004 | 21.100073 | 35.00012 | 49.000169 |
| 95 | Am | Americium | 5.97381 | 11.70004 | 21.700075 | 36.800127 | 50.000172 |
| 96 | Cm | Curium | 5.992241 | 12.400043 | 20.100069 | 37.70013 | 51.000176 |
| 97 | Bk | Berkelium | 6.19785 | 11.900041 | 21.600074 | 36.000124 | 56.000193 |
| 98 | Cf | Californium | 6.281878 | 12.000041 | 22.400077 | 37.70013 | 51.900179 |
| 99 | Es | Einsteinium | 6.3684 | 12.200042 | 22.700078 | 38.800134 | 54.100186 |
| 100 | Fm | Fermium | 6.5 | 12.400043 | 23.20008 | 39.300135 | 55.000189 |
| 101 | Md | Mendelevium | 6.58 | 12.400043 | 24.300084 | 40.000138 | 54.100186 |
| 102 | No | Nobelium | 6.62621 | 12.930045 | 25.800089 | 41.500143 | 60.000207 |
| 103 | Lr | Lawrencium | 4.96 | 14.54005 | 21.800075 | 43.60015 | 56.000193 |
| 104 | Rf | Rutherfordium | 6.02 | 14.350049 | 23.840082 | 31.87011 | 64.00022 |
| 105 | Db | Dubnium | 6.8 | 14.000048 | 23.10008 | 33.000114 | 43.000148 |
| 106 | Sg | Seaborgium | 7.8 | 17.100059 | 25.800089 | 35.500122 | 47.200162 |
| 107 | Bh | Bohrium | 7.7 | 17.50006 | 26.700092 | 37.300128 | 49.000169 |
| 108 | Hs | Hassium | 7.6 | 18.200063 | 29.300101 | 37.70013 | 51.200176 |
| 109 | Mt | Meitnerium | — | — | — | — | 50.000172 |
| 110 | Ds | Darmstadtium | — | — | — | — | — |
| 111 | Rg | Roentgenium | — | — | — | — | — |
| 112 | Cn | Copernicium | — | — | — | — | — |
| 113 | Nh | Nihonium | — | — | — | — | — |
| 114 | Fl | Flerovium | — | — | — | — | — |
| 115 | Mc | Moscovium | — | — | — | — | — |
| 116 | Lv | Livermorium | — | — | — | — | — |
| 117 | Ts | Tennessine | — | — | — | — | — |
| 118 | Og | Oganesson | — | — | — | — | — |
ਸਰੋਤ ਅਤੇ ਟਿੱਪਣੀਆਂ
- Statistics are computed for the first ionization energy; the table lists every measured step.