Lithium (Li)
alkali-metalSolid
ਮਿਆਰੀ ਪਰਮਾਣੂ ਭਾਰ
6.94 u [6.938, 6.997]ਇਲੈਕਟ੍ਰਾਨ ਵਿਨਿਆਸ
[He] 2s1ਪਿਘਲਣ ਦਰਜਾ
180.5 °Cਉਬਾਲ ਦਰਜਾ
1341.85 °Cਘਣਤਾ
534 kg/m³ਆਕਸੀਕਰਨ ਅਵਸਥਾਵਾਂ
+1ਬਿਜਲਈ ਰਿਣਾਤਮਕਤਾ (ਪਾਲਿੰਗ)
0.98ਆਇਨੀਕਰਨ ਊਰਜਾ (ਪਹਿਲੀ)
5.391715 eVਖੋਜ ਦਾ ਸਾਲ
1817ਪਰਮਾਣੂ ਅਰਧ-ਵਿਆਸ
145 pmਵੇਰਵੇ
Lithium is the lightest metal and the first alkali metal. It forms Li⁺ very readily, yet its small ion gives lithium chemistry a distinctive hardness, strong hydration, and extensive organometallic chemistry. In nature it occurs only in compounds, mainly in brines, pegmatite minerals, and some clays. Its low atomic mass, high electrochemical potential, and ability to move reversibly through host materials make it central to rechargeable batteries.
Socket silvery metal. First member of group 1 of the periodic table. Lithium salts are used in psychomedicine.
The name derives from the Latin lithos for "stone" because lithium was thought to exist only in minerals at that time. It was discovered by the Swedish mineralogist Johan August Arfwedson in 1818 in the mineral petalite LiAl(Si2O5)2. Lithium was isolated in 1855 by the German chemists Robert Wilhelm Bunsen and Augustus Matthiessen.
Lithium was discovered in the mineral petalite (LiAl(Si2O5)2) by Johann August Arfvedson in 1817. It was first isolated by William Thomas Brande and Sir Humphrey Davy through the electrolysis of lithium oxide (Li2O). Today, larger amounts of the metal are obtained through the electrolysis of lithium chloride (LiCl). Lithium is not found free in nature and makes up only 0.0007% of the earth's crust.
From the Greek word lithos, stone. Discovered by Arfvedson in 1817. Lithium is the lightest of all metals, with a density only about half that of water.
Pure lithium is a soft, silvery-white metal when freshly cut. It tarnishes quickly in air, forming dull gray surface films of oxide, nitride, hydroxide, and carbonate. It is the least dense solid element at ordinary conditions and can be cut with a knife.
Most lithium demand is tied to lithium-ion batteries, where lithium ions shuttle between intercalation or conversion materials rather than existing as metallic lithium in normal operation. Lithium metal is used in some primary batteries and specialized rechargeable cells. Lithium compounds are also used in heat-resistant glass and ceramics, lubricating greases, air-treatment chemicals, aluminum production, and pharmaceutical salts such as lithium carbonate, Li₂CO₃, for selected mood disorders.
Many uses have been found for lithium and its compounds. Lithium has the highest specific heat of any solid element and is used in heat transfer applications. It is used to make special glasses and ceramics, including the Mount Palomar telescope's 200 inch mirror. Lithium is the lightest known metal and can be alloyed with aluminium, copper, manganese, and cadmium to make strong, lightweight metals for aircraft. Lithium hydroxide (LiOH) is used to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere of spacecraft. Lithium stearate (LiC18H35O2) is used as a general purpose and high temperature lubricant. Lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) is used as a drug to treat manic depression disorder.
Lithium reacts with water, but not as violently as sodium.
Since World War II, the production of lithium metal and its compounds has increased greatly. Because the metal has the highest specific heat of any solid element, it has found use in heat transfer applications; however, it is corrosive and requires special handling. The metal has been used as an alloying agent, is of interest in synthesis of organic compounds, and has nuclear applications. It ranks as a leading contender as a battery anode material as it has a high electrochemical potential. Lithium is used in special glasses and ceramics. The glass for the 200-inch telescope at Mt. Palomar contains lithium as a minor ingredient. Lithium chloride is one of the most hygroscopic materials known, and it, as well as lithium bromide, is used in air conditioning and industrial drying systems. Lithium stearate is used as an all-purpose and high-temperature lubricant. Other lithium compounds are used in dry cells and storage batteries. Lithium carbonate is used for the treatment of bipolar disease and other mental illness conditions.
Isotopes in Earth/Planetary Science
Because molecules, atoms, and ions of the stable isotopes of lithium possess slightly different physical and chemical properties, they commonly will be fractionated during physical, chemical, and biological processes, giving rise to variations in isotopic abundances and in atomic weights. Natural terrestrial materials show a substantial variation in lithium isotopic abundance (Fig. IUPAC.3.1), and these natural isotopic abundances have been used to determine sources of dissolved lithium and to investigate environmental processes [13] M. W. Wieser, T. B. Coplen. Pure Appl Chem.83, 359 (2011)., [35] H. P. Qi, T. B. Coplen, Q. Z. Wang, Y. H. Wang. Anal. Chem.69, 4076 (1997)..
Variations in isotope-amount ratiosn(7Li)/n(6Li) can help determine the source of some water. Because the relative abundances of lithium isotopes can change during hydrothermal processes, isotopic analysis of lithium in water can help distinguish water derived from marine sedimentary rocks from water derived from hydrothermally altered igneous rocks (Fig. IUPAC.3.2) [36] T. D. Bullen, Y. K. Kharaka. “Isotopic composition of Sr, Nd, and Li in thermal waters from the Norris-Mammoth corridor, Yellowstone National Park and surrounding region”, in Water-Rock Interaction. in 7th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction, Rotterdam, Balkema Publishers (1992)., [37] E. Caldwell. Resources on Isotopes-Periodic Table-Lithium, U.S. Geological Surve (2011), November 3; http://wwwrcamnl.wr.usgs.gov/isoig/period/li_iig.html..
Isotopes in Industry
7Li, as hydroxide monohydrate (7LiOH•H2O), is used to maintain the pH level of the coolant used in pressurized water reactors in the nuclear power industry [39] International Atomic Energy Agency. Assessment and Management of Ageing of Major Nuclear Power Plant Components Important to Safety, IAEA-TECDOC-1361. 235 (2003)., [40] F. Nordmann. “Aspects on chemistry in french nuclear power plants”, in 14th International Conference on the Properties of Water and Steam in Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan.. Lithium plays a role in the construction of a thermonuclear bomb, which differs from a fission weapon in that it uses the energy released when two light atomic nuclei (i.e. deuterium (2H) and tritium (3H)) fuse to form helium and a high energy neutronvia this DT reaction. 6Li is used, in the form of 6Li deuteride (6Li 2H), as fusion fuel capable of producing tritium when bombarded with neutrons within the weapon via the reaction 6Li (n, 3H) 4He [41] FUSION EXPO. Controlled Fusion: The Energy Option for the 21st Century, FUSION EXPO (2011), November 6; http://www.fusion-eur.org/fusion_cd/popu.htm..
Li-based laboratory reagents have found their way into surface water and can be easily identified. Although a military secret in the 1950s, it is now known that substantial amounts of 6Li (normally having an isotopic abundance of 0.076) were removed from chemical reagents to be used in nuclear weapon development. Reagents containing the remaining lithium depleted in 6Li (having an isotopic abundance as low as 0.025) were sold to both chemical manufacturers and to laboratory chemists for their use [42] N. E. Holden. Chem. Int.32(1), 12 (2010).. The distinctive isotopic signature of depleted 6Li, having a n(7Li)/n(6Li) ratio of 39, compared to a ratio of 12 in naturally occurring terrestrial materials, enables easier detection of this lithium source in polluted waterways and the environment [35] H. P. Qi, T. B. Coplen, Q. Z. Wang, Y. H. Wang. Anal. Chem.69, 4076 (1997)., [37] E. Caldwell. Resources on Isotopes-Periodic Table-Lithium, U.S. Geological Surve (2011), November 3; http://wwwrcamnl.wr.usgs.gov/isoig/period/li_iig.html..
Isotopes in Medicine
7Li is a decay product of the 10B (neutron, alpha) 7Li reaction, which has a peak value for room temperature neutrons. Brain tumor cells are typically found some 5 to 7 cm below the surface of the skull. After 10B has been introduced to or entered the tumor cells, a beam of neutrons of energy slightly above room temperature is introduced to the affected areas. The energy of these neutrons is reduced to room temperature by the time they react with the 10B, which then disintegrates into high energy charged particles (7Li and 4He), which deposit their kinetic energy in nearby (predominately cancerous) cells and destroys them. Any adjacent normal cells are unaffected [43] R. F. Barth. J. Neurooncol.62, 1 (2003)..
Lithium almost always has the +1 oxidation state in ordinary chemistry. Important compounds include lithium carbonate, Li₂CO₃, lithium hydroxide, LiOH, lithium chloride, LiCl, and lithium fluoride, LiF. Lithium hydride, LiH, is a reactive hydride and hydrogen source. Organolithium reagents such as butyllithium, C₄H₉Li, are strong bases and nucleophiles used in synthesis. Lithium cobalt oxide, LiCoO₂, and lithium iron phosphate, LiFePO₄, are well-known battery cathode materials.
See more information at the Lithium compound page.
Lithium metal reacts with water to form lithium hydroxide, LiOH, and flammable H₂, and finely divided metal can ignite. Strongly basic lithium compounds can be corrosive, while soluble lithium salts can affect the nervous system, kidneys, and thyroid at excessive doses. Therapeutic use of lithium salts requires controlled dosing. Battery fires involve additional hazards from electrolytes, heat, and decomposition products, not only lithium itself.
Lithium is widely dispersed at low concentrations in rocks, soils, natural waters, and seawater. Weathering releases Li⁺, which can remain in solution, exchange onto clays, or concentrate in closed-basin brines through evaporation. It has no established essential biological role in humans, although trace exposure is common. Mining and brine extraction can alter water balances, salinity, dust levels, and local habitats if poorly managed.
Commercial lithium is produced mainly from hard-rock pegmatites, especially spodumene, and from continental brines concentrated by evaporation or direct extraction methods. The principal traded chemicals are lithium carbonate, Li₂CO₃, and lithium hydroxide, LiOH, with battery-grade purity a major value factor. Demand is strongly linked to rechargeable batteries, while ceramics, greases, and other uses form smaller markets. Recycling from batteries is growing but is constrained by collection, chemistry differences, and process economics.
It does not occur freely in nature; combined, it is found in small units in nearly all igneous rocks and in many mineral springs. Lepidolite, spodumene, petalite, and amblygonite are the more important minerals containing it.
Lithium is presently being recovered from brines of Searles Lake, in California, and from those in Nevada. Large deposits of quadramene are found in North Carolina. The metal is produced electrolytically from the fused chloride. Lithium is silvery in appearance, much like Na, K, and other members of the alkali metal series. It reacts with water, but not as vigorously as sodium. Lithium imparts a beautiful crimson color to a flame, but when the metal burns strongly, the flame is a dazzling white.
Lithium is unusually scarce in the cosmos compared with hydrogen and helium. Some ⁷Li was formed in Big Bang nucleosynthesis, but lithium is readily destroyed inside stars at temperatures below those needed to burn many heavier nuclei. Additional lithium is made by cosmic-ray spallation and in certain stellar events. Its abundance in old stars is important in tests of early-universe models.
- Lithium floats on many hydrocarbon oils because its density is lower than theirs.
- Natural lithium is a mixture mainly of ⁷Li with a smaller fraction of ⁶Li.
- Lithium gives a crimson color in flame tests, though sodium contamination can mask it.
- Lithium nitride, Li₃N, forms directly when lithium is exposed to nitrogen.
- The name comes from Greek lithos, reflecting its discovery in a mineral source.
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ਰਸਾਇਣਕ
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- 0.912
- ਇਲੈਕਟ੍ਰਾਨ ਬੰਧੁਤਾ
- 0.61804 eV
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- 5.391715 eV ਸਾਰੇ ਤੱਤਾਂ ਦੀ ਆਇਨੀਕਰਨ ਊਰਜਾ (ਪਹਿਲੀ) ਦੀ ਤੁਲਨਾ ਕਰੋ →
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- 75.640357 eV ਸਾਰੇ ਤੱਤਾਂ ਦੀ ਆਇਨੀਕਰਨ ਊਰਜਾ (ਦੂਜੀ) ਦੀ ਤੁਲਨਾ ਕਰੋ →
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- +1 ਸਾਰੇ ਤੱਤਾਂ ਦੀ ਆਕਸੀਕਰਨ ਅਵਸਥਾਵਾਂ ਦੀ ਤੁਲਨਾ ਕਰੋ →
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- ਇਲੈਕਟ੍ਰਾਨ ਵਿਨਿਆਸ
- [He] 2s1
ਤਾਪਗਤੀਕੀ
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- 2950 °C
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- 6.7e+7 Pa
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- 0.03109292 eV ਸਾਰੇ ਤੱਤਾਂ ਦੀ ਪਿਘਲਣ ਦਾ ਤਾਪ ਦੀ ਤੁਲਨਾ ਕਰੋ →
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- 1.524589 eV ਸਾਰੇ ਤੱਤਾਂ ਦੀ ਵਾਸ਼ਪੀਕਰਨ ਦਾ ਤਾਪ ਦੀ ਤੁਲਨਾ ਕਰੋ →
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- 1.65207 eV
- ਪਰਮਾਣੂਕਰਨ ਦਾ ਤਾਪ
- 1.65207 eV
- ਪਰਮਾਣੂਕਰਨ ਐਂਥੈਲਪੀ
- 1.651034 eV
ਨਾਭਿਕੀ
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- ਸਭ ਤੋਂ ਸਥਿਰ ਸਮਸਥਾਨਿਕ
- Li-7
- ਖੋਜ ਦਾ ਸਾਲ
- 1817
ਪ੍ਰਚੁਰਤਾ
- ਪ੍ਰਚੁਰਤਾ (ਧਰਤੀ ਦੀ ਛਾਲ)
- 20 mg/kg ਸਾਰੇ ਤੱਤਾਂ ਦੀ ਪ੍ਰਚੁਰਤਾ (ਧਰਤੀ ਦੀ ਛਾਲ) ਦੀ ਤੁਲਨਾ ਕਰੋ →
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- 0.18 mg/L ਸਾਰੇ ਤੱਤਾਂ ਦੀ ਪ੍ਰਚੁਰਤਾ (ਮਹਾਂਸਾਗਰ) ਦੀ ਤੁਲਨਾ ਕਰੋ →
ਕ੍ਰਿਸਟਲ ਬਣਤਰ
- ਜਾਲਕ ਸਥਿਰਾਂਕ a
- 349 pm
ਇਲੈਕਟ੍ਰਾਨਿਕ ਬਣਤਰ
- ਪ੍ਰਤੀ ਖੋਲ ਇਲੈਕਟ੍ਰਾਨ
- 2, 1 ਸਾਰੇ ਤੱਤਾਂ ਦੀ ਪ੍ਰਤੀ ਖੋਲ ਇਲੈਕਟ੍ਰਾਨ ਦੀ ਤੁਲਨਾ ਕਰੋ →
ਪਛਾਣਕਰਤਾ
- CAS ਸੰਖਿਆ
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- ਟਰਮ ਪ੍ਰਤੀਕ
- 2S1/2
- InChI
- InChI=1S/Li
- InChI ਕੁੰਜੀ
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
ਇਲੈਕਟ੍ਰਾਨ ਵਿਨਿਆਸ ਮਾਪਿਆ
Li: 2s¹[He] 2s¹1s² 2s¹ਪਰਮਾਣੂ ਮਾਡਲ
ਸਮਸਥਾਨਿਕ ਨਿਊਟ੍ਰਾਨਾਂ ਦੀ ਗਿਣਤੀ, ਪੁੰਜ ਅਤੇ ਸਥਿਰਤਾ ਬਦਲਦੇ ਹਨ — ਉਦਾਸੀਨ ਪਰਮਾਣੂ ਦਾ ਇਲੈਕਟ੍ਰਾਨ ਵਿਨਿਆਸ ਨਹੀਂ।
ਸੰਕੇਤਕ ਪਰਮਾਣੂ ਮਾਡਲ, ਪੈਮਾਨੇ ਅਨੁਸਾਰ ਨਹੀਂ।
ਪਰਮਾਣੂ ਪਛਾਣ-ਚਿੰਨ੍ਹ
ਨਿਕਾਸ / ਅਵਸ਼ੋਸ਼ਣ ਸਪੈਕਟ੍ਰਮ
ਸਮਸਥਾਨਿਕ ਵੰਡ
| ਪੁੰਜ ਸੰਖਿਆ | ਪਰਮਾਣੂ ਪੁੰਜ (u) | ਕੁਦਰਤੀ ਪ੍ਰਚੁਰਤਾ | ਅਰਧ-ਆਯੂ |
|---|---|---|---|
| 6 ਸਥਿਰ | 6.0151228874 ± 0.0000000016 | 7.5900% | ਸਥਿਰ |
| 7 ਸਥਿਰ | 7.0160034366 ± 0.0000000045 | 92.4100% | ਸਥਿਰ |
ਫੇਜ਼ / ਅਵਸਥਾ
ਕਾਰਨ: ਪਿਘਲਣ ਦਰਜੇ (180.5 °C) ਤੋਂ 155.5 °C ਘੱਟ
ਸੰਕੇਤਕ, ਪੈਮਾਨੇ ਅਨੁਸਾਰ ਨਹੀਂ
ਅਵਸਥਾ ਪਰਿਵਰਤਨ ਬਿੰਦੂ
ਸੰਕ੍ਰਮਣ ਊਰਜਾਵਾਂ
ਪਿਘਲਣ ਦਰਜੇ 'ਤੇ 1 mol ਨੂੰ ਪਿਘਲਾਉਣ ਲਈ ਲੋੜੀਂਦੀ ਊਰਜਾ
ਉਬਾਲ ਦਰਜੇ 'ਤੇ 1 mol ਦੇ ਵਾਸ਼ਪੀਕਰਨ ਲਈ ਲੋੜੀਂਦੀ ਊਰਜਾ
ਉਰਧਪਾਤਨ ਦਰਜੇ 'ਤੇ 1 mol ਦੇ ਉਰਧਪਾਤਨ ਲਈ ਲੋੜੀਂਦੀ ਊਰਜਾ
ਘਣਤਾ
ਮਿਆਰੀ ਹਾਲਤਾਂ 'ਤੇ
ਮਿਆਰੀ ਹਾਲਤਾਂ 'ਤੇ
ਉੱਨਤ
ਪਰਮਾਣੂ ਸਪੈਕਟ੍ਰਮ
ਉਪਲਬਧ ਸਪੈਕਟ੍ਰਮੀ ਰੇਖਾਵਾਂ ?
| ਆਇਨ | ਆਵੇਸ਼ | ਕੁੱਲ ਰੇਖਾਵਾਂ | ਸੰਕ੍ਰਮਣ ਸੰਭਾਵਨਾਵਾਂ | ਪੱਧਰਾਂ ਦੇ ਨਾਮਾਂਕਨ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Li I | 0 | 344 | 257 | 328 |
| Li II | +1 | 663 | 564 | 630 |
| Li III | +2 | 144 | 144 | 144 |
ਆਇਨਿਕ ਅਰਧ-ਵਿਆਸ
| ਆਵੇਸ਼ | ਉਪਸਹਿ-ਸੰਯੋਜਨ | ਸਪਿਨ | ਅਰਧ-ਵਿਆਸ |
|---|---|---|---|
| +1 | 4 | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | 59 pm |
| +1 | 6 | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | 76 pm |
| +1 | 8 | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | 92 pm |
ਯੋਗਿਕ
ਸਮਸਥਾਨਿਕ (2)
| ਪੁੰਜ ਸੰਖਿਆ | ਪਰਮਾਣੂ ਪੁੰਜ (u) | ਕੁਦਰਤੀ ਪ੍ਰਚੁਰਤਾ | ਅਰਧ-ਆਯੂ | ਖ਼ੈ ਦੀ ਵਿਧੀ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6 ਸਥਿਰ | 6.0151228874 ± 0.0000000016 | 7.5900% ± 0.0400% | ਸਥਿਰ | stable | |
| 7 ਸਥਿਰ | 7.0160034366 ± 0.0000000045 | 92.4100% ± 0.0400% | ਸਥਿਰ | stable |
ਸਪੈਕਟ੍ਰਮੀ ਰੇਖਾਵਾਂ
| ਤਰੰਗ-ਲੰਬਾਈ (nm) | ਤੀਬਰਤਾ | ਆਇਨੀਕਰਨ ਪੜਾਅ | ਕਿਸਮ | ਸੰਕ੍ਰਮਣ | ਸ਼ੁੱਧਤਾ | ਸਰੋਤ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 383.559 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li I | emission | 1s2.2p 2P* → 1s2.7s 2S | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 383.564 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li I | emission | 1s2.2p 2P* → 1s2.7s 2S | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 387.8838 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.2s 3S → 1s.2p 1P* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 391.5292 nm | 20 | Li I | emission | 1s2.2p 2P* → 1s2.6d 2D | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 391.5342 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li I | emission | 1s2.2p 2P* → 1s2.6d 2D | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 391.5344 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li I | emission | 1s2.2p 2P* → 1s2.6d 2D | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 398.5481 nm | 10 | Li I | emission | 1s2.2p 2P* → 1s2.6s 2S | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 398.5535 nm | 10 | Li I | emission | 1s2.2p 2P* → 1s2.6s 2S | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 413.2557 nm | 40 | Li I | emission | 1s2.2p 2P* → 1s2.5d 2D | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 413.2613 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li I | emission | 1s2.2p 2P* → 1s2.5d 2D | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 413.2615 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li I | emission | 1s2.2p 2P* → 1s2.5d 2D | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 415.519 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.3s 1S → 1s.4p 1P* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 419.115 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.3s 1S → 1s.4d 1D | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 427.306 nm | 20 | Li I | emission | 1s2.2p 2P* → 1s2.5s 2S | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 427.312 nm | 20 | Li I | emission | 1s2.2p 2P* → 1s2.5s 2S | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 432.21 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.3p 3P* → 1s.4d 1D | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 432.226 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.3p 3P* → 1s.4d 1D | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 432.53 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.3p 3P* → 1s.4d 3D | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 432.54 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.3p 3P* → 1s.4d 3D | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 432.542 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.3p 3P* → 1s.4d 3D | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 432.554 nm | 5 | Li II | emission | 1s.3p 3P* → 1s.4d 3D | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 432.562 nm | 1 | Li II | emission | 1s.3p 3P* → 1s.4d 3D | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 432.578 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.3p 3P* → 1s.4d 3D | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 449.8225057 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li III | emission | 4p 2P* → 5d 2D | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 449.8277799 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li III | emission | 4s 2S → 5p 2P* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 449.8581249 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li III | emission | 4p 2P* → 5s 2S | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 449.866202 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li III | emission | 4s 2S → 5p 2P* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 449.8846443 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li III | emission | 4d 2D → 5f 2F* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 449.8847466 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li III | emission | 4p 2P* → 5d 2D | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 449.897364 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li III | emission | 4d 2D → 5p 2P* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 449.8975539 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li III | emission | 4p 2P* → 5d 2D | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 449.9032229 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li III | emission | 4f 2F* → 5g 2G | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 449.9032561 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li III | emission | 4d 2D → 5f 2F* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 449.9095915 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li III | emission | 4f 2F* → 5d 2D | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 449.90966 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li III | emission | 4d 2D → 5f 2F* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 449.9118883 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li III | emission | 4f 2F* → 5g 2G | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 449.9157307 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li III | emission | 4f 2F* → 5g 2G | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 449.9220996 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li III | emission | 4f 2F* → 5d 2D | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 449.9223809 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li III | emission | 4d 2D → 5p 2P* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 449.9224003 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li III | emission | 4f 2F* → 5d 2D | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 449.933185 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li III | emission | 4p 2P* → 5s 2S | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 449.9357979 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li III | emission | 4d 2D → 5p 2P* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 460.282 nm | 13 | Li I | emission | 1s2.2p 2P* → 1s2.4d 2D | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 460.289 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li I | emission | 1s2.2p 2P* → 1s2.4d 2D | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 460.289 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li I | emission | 1s2.2p 2P* → 1s2.4d 2D | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 463.61 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.3d 1D → 1s.4p 1P* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 467.14 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.3d 3D → 1s.4f 1F* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 467.153 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.3d 3D → 1s.4f 1F* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 467.163 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.3d 3D → 1s.4f 3F* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 467.163 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.3d 3D → 1s.4f 3F* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 467.176 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.3d 3D → 1s.4f 3F* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 467.176 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.3d 3D → 1s.4f 3F* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 467.176 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.3d 3D → 1s.4f 3F* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 467.188 nm | 2 | Li II | emission | 1s.3d 3D → 1s.4f 3F* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 467.806 nm | 3 | Li II | emission | 1s.3d 1D → 1s.4f 1F* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 467.829 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.3d 1D → 1s.4f 3F* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 467.829 nm | 1 | Li II | emission | 1s.3d 1D → 1s.4f 3F* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 474.15 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.3p 1P* → 1s.4p 1P* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 478.836 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.3p 1P* → 1s.4d 1D | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 479.239 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.3p 1P* → 1s.4d 3D | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 484.278 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.3d 3D → 1s.4p 3P* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 484.292 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.3d 3D → 1s.4p 3P* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 484.294 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.3d 3D → 1s.4p 3P* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 484.304 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.3d 3D → 1s.4p 3P* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 484.321 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.3d 3D → 1s.4p 3P* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 484.331 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.3d 3D → 1s.4p 3P* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 488.12 nm | 4 | Li II | emission | 1s.3p 3P* → 1s.4s 3S | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 488.147 nm | 4 | Li II | emission | 1s.3p 3P* → 1s.4s 3S | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 488.169 nm | 1 | Li II | emission | 1s.3p 3P* → 1s.4s 3S | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 491.912 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.3d 1D → 1s.4s 1S | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 497.166 nm | 8 | Li I | emission | 1s2.2p 2P* → 1s2.4s 2S | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 497.174 nm | 8 | Li I | emission | 1s2.2p 2P* → 1s2.4s 2S | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 503.791 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.3p 1P* → 1s.4s 1S | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 510.8 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4s 1S → 1s.7p 1P* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 519.917 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4p 3P* → 1s.7d 3D | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 519.917 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4p 3P* → 1s.7d 3D | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 519.919 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4p 3P* → 1s.7d 3D | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 519.928 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4p 3P* → 1s.7d 3D | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 519.937 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4p 3P* → 1s.7d 3D | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 519.947 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4p 3P* → 1s.7d 3D | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 527 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li I | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2p.3d 4D* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 527 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li I | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2p.3d 4D* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 527 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li I | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2p.3d 4D* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 527 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li I | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2p.3d 4D* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 527 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li I | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2p.3d 4D* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 527 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li I | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2p.3d 4D* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 527 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li I | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2p.3d 4D* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 527 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li I | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2p.3d 4D* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 527 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li I | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2p.3d 4D* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 527 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li I | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2p.3d 4D* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 532.949 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4p 3P* → 1s.7s 3S | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 532.96 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4p 3P* → 1s.7s 3S | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 532.98 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4p 3P* → 1s.7s 3S | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 539.3 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4d 1D → 1s.7p 1P* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 540.153 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.7f 1F* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 540.172 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.7f 1F* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 540.175 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.7f 3F* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 540.186 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.7f 3F* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 540.186 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.7f 3F* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 540.205 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.7f 3F* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 540.205 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.7f 3F* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 540.205 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.7f 3F* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 540.665 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4d 1D → 1s.7f 1F* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 540.698 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4d 1D → 1s.7f 3F* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 540.698 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4d 1D → 1s.7f 3F* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 541.091 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4f 3F* → 1s.7d 1D | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 541.122 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4f 1F* → 1s.7d 1D | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 541.205 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4f 3F* → 1s.7d 3D | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 541.205 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4f 3F* → 1s.7d 3D | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 541.205 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4f 3F* → 1s.7d 3D | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 541.225 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4f 3F* → 1s.7d 3D | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 541.225 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4f 3F* → 1s.7d 3D | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 541.236 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4f 3F* → 1s.7d 3D | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 541.237 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4f 1F* → 1s.7d 3D | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 541.256 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4f 1F* → 1s.7d 3D | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 546.84 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4p 1P* → 1s.7d 1D | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 548.346 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.2s 3S → 1s.2p 3P* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 548.44 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.2s 3S → 1s.2p 3P* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 548.509 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.2s 3S → 1s.2p 3P* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 552.54 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4p 1P* → 1s.7s 1S | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 565.388 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4s 3S → 1s.6p 3P* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 565.409 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4s 3S → 1s.6p 3P* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 565.421 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4s 3S → 1s.6p 3P* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 610.353 nm | 320 | Li I | emission | 1s2.2p 2P* → 1s2.3d 2D | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 610.364 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li I | emission | 1s2.2p 2P* → 1s2.3d 2D | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 610.366 nm | 320 | Li I | emission | 1s2.2p 2P* → 1s2.3d 2D | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 611.81 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4s 1S → 1s.6p 1P* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 613.864 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4s 1S → 1s.6d 1D | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 625.219 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4p 3P* → 1s.6d 3D | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 625.219 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4p 3P* → 1s.6d 3D | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 625.222 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4p 3P* → 1s.6d 3D | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 625.235 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4p 3P* → 1s.6d 3D | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 625.248 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4p 3P* → 1s.6d 3D | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 625.263 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4p 3P* → 1s.6d 3D | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 653.14 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4d 1D → 1s.6p 1P* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 654.566 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.6f 1F* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 654.595 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.6f 1F* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 654.595 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.6f 3F* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 654.611 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.6f 3F* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 654.611 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.6f 3F* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 654.64 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.6f 3F* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 654.64 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.6f 3F* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 654.64 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.6f 3F* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 655.319 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4d 1D → 1s.6f 1F* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 655.364 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4d 1D → 1s.6f 3F* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 655.364 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4d 1D → 1s.6f 3F* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 656.006 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4f 3F* → 1s.6d 1D | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 656.052 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4f 1F* → 1s.6d 1D | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 656.143 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4p 3P* → 1s.6s 3S | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 656.16 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4p 3P* → 1s.6s 3S | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 656.191 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4p 3P* → 1s.6s 3S | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 656.261 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4f 3F* → 1s.6d 3D | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 656.261 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4f 3F* → 1s.6d 3D | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 656.261 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4f 3F* → 1s.6d 3D | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 656.29 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4f 3F* → 1s.6d 3D | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 656.29 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4f 3F* → 1s.6d 3D | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 656.306 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4f 3F* → 1s.6d 3D | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 656.307 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4f 1F* → 1s.6d 3D | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 656.336 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4f 1F* → 1s.6d 3D | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 662.07 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4p 1P* → 1s.6p 1P* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 664.252 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.6p 3P* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 664.269 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.6p 3P* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 664.281 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.6p 3P* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 664.298 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.6p 3P* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 664.298 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.6p 3P* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 664.298 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.6p 3P* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 664.48 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4p 1P* → 1s.6d 1D | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 664.77 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4p 1P* → 1s.6d 3D | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 668.73 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4d 1D → 1s.6s 1S | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 670.776 nm | 3600 | Li I | emission | 1s2.2s 2S → 1s2.2p 2P* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 670.791 nm | 3600 | Li I | emission | 1s2.2s 2S → 1s2.2p 2P* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 678.09 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li II | emission | 1s.4p 1P* → 1s.6s 1S | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 687.308 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li I | emission | 1s2.3s 2S → 1s2.8p 2P* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 687.308 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li I | emission | 1s2.3s 2S → 1s2.8p 2P* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 713.517 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li I | emission | 1s2.3s 2S → 1s2.7p 2P* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST | |
| 713.517 nm | ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ | Li I | emission | 1s2.3s 2S → 1s2.7p 2P* | ਮਾਪਿਆ | NIST |
ਵਿਸਤ੍ਰਿਤ ਗੁਣ
ਸਹਿ-ਸੰਯੋਜਕ ਅਰਧ-ਵਿਆਸ (ਵਿਸਤ੍ਰਿਤ)
- ਸਹਿ-ਸੰਯੋਜਕ ਅਰਧ-ਵਿਆਸ (ਪਿਊਕੋ)
- 133 pm
- ਸਹਿ-ਸੰਯੋਜਕ ਅਰਧ-ਵਿਆਸ (ਪਿਊਕੋ, ਦੋਹਰਾ ਬੰਧਨ)
- 124 pm
- ਸਹਿ-ਸੰਯੋਜਕ ਅਰਧ-ਵਿਆਸ (ਬ੍ਰੈਗ)
- 150 pm
ਵਾਨ ਡਰ ਵਾਲਜ਼ ਅਰਧ-ਵਿਆਸ
- Bondi
- 181 pm
- Batsanov
- 220 pm
- Alvarez
- 212 pm
- UFF
- 245.1 pm
- MM3
- 255 pm
ਪਰਮਾਣੂ ਅਤੇ ਧਾਤਵੀ ਅਰਧ-ਵਿਆਸ
- ਪਰਮਾਣੂ ਅਰਧ-ਵਿਆਸ (ਰਾਮ)
- 220 pm
- ਧਾਤਵੀ ਅਰਧ-ਵਿਆਸ (C12)
- 155 pm
ਅੰਕਨ ਪੈਮਾਨੇ
- Mendeleev
- 1
- Pettifor
- 12
- Glawe
- 12
ਬਿਜਲਈ ਰਿਣਾਤਮਕਤਾ ਦੇ ਪੈਮਾਨੇ
- Ghosh
- 0
- Miedema
- 3
- Gunnarsson–Lundqvist
- 3
- Robles–Bartolotti
- 2
ਧਰੁਵੀਕਰਨਯੋਗਤਾ ਅਤੇ ਪ੍ਰਕੀਰਣ
- ਦੋਧਰੁਵੀ ਧਰੁਵੀਕਰਨਯੋਗਤਾ
- 164.1125 a.u.
- ਦੋਧਰੁਵੀ ਧਰੁਵੀਕਰਨਯੋਗਤਾ (ਅਨਿਸ਼ਚਿਤਤਾ)
- 0.0005 a.u.
- C₆
- 1392 Ha·Bohr6
- C₆ (Gould–Bučko)
- 1410 Ha·Bohr6
ਮੀਡੇਮਾ ਪਰਾਮੀਟਰ
- ਮੀਡੇਮਾ ਮੋਲਰ ਆਇਤਨ
- 13 cm3/mol
- ਮੀਡੇਮਾ ਇਲੈਕਟ੍ਰਾਨ ਘਣਤਾ
- 1
ਸਪਲਾਈ ਦਾ ਜੋਖਮ ਅਤੇ ਅਰਥਸ਼ਾਸਤਰ
- ਉਤਪਾਦਨ ਦੀ ਕੇਂਦਰਿਤਤਾ
- 62
- ਸਾਪੇਖ ਸਪਲਾਈ ਜੋਖਮ
- 7
- ਭੰਡਾਰਾਂ ਦੀ ਵੰਡ
- 58
- ਰਾਜਨੀਤਿਕ ਸਥਿਰਤਾ (ਸਭ ਤੋਂ ਵੱਡਾ ਉਤਪਾਦਕ)
- 75
- ਰਾਜਨੀਤਿਕ ਸਥਿਰਤਾ (ਸਭ ਤੋਂ ਵੱਧ ਭੰਡਾਰ ਵਾਲਾ ਦੇਸ਼)
- 68
ਅਵਸਥਾ ਪਰਿਵਰਤਨ ਅਤੇ ਅਪਰਰੂਪ
| ਪਿਘਲਣ ਦਰਜਾ | 453.65 K |
| ਉਬਾਲ ਦਰਜਾ | 1615.15 K |
| ਕ੍ਰਾਂਤਿਕ ਬਿੰਦੂ (ਤਾਪਮਾਨ) | 3223.15 K |
| ਕ੍ਰਾਂਤਿਕ ਬਿੰਦੂ (ਦਬਾਅ) | 67 MPa |
ਆਕਸੀਕਰਨ ਅਵਸਥਾ ਦੀਆਂ ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀਆਂ
ਉੱਨਤ ਸੰਦਰਭ ਡਾਟਾ
ਪਰਿਰੱਖਣ ਸਥਿਰਾਂਕ (2)
| n | ਔਰਬਿਟਲ | σ |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | s | 0.3094 |
| 2 | s | 1.7208 |
ਕ੍ਰਿਸਟਲ ਅਰਧ-ਵਿਆਸਾਂ ਦਾ ਵੇਰਵਾ (3)
| ਆਵੇਸ਼ | CN | ਸਪਿਨ | rcrystal (pm) | ਉਤਪੱਤੀ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | IV | 73 | ||
| 1 | VI | 90 | ||
| 1 | VIII | 106 | calculated, |
ਸਮਸਥਾਨਿਕ ਖ਼ੈ ਦੀਆਂ ਵਿਧੀਆਂ (17)
| ਸਮਸਥਾਨਿਕ | ਮੋਡ | ਤੀਬਰਤਾ |
|---|---|---|
| 3 | p | — |
| 4 | p | 100% |
| 5 | p | 100% |
| 8 | B- | 100% |
| 8 | B-A | 100% |
| 9 | B- | 100% |
| 9 | B-n | 50.5% |
| 10 | n | 100% |
| 11 | B- | 100% |
| 11 | B-n | 86.3% |
ਐਕਸ-ਰੇ ਖਿੰਡਾਅ ਗੁਣਾਂਕ (501)
| ਊਰਜਾ (eV) | f₁ | f₂ |
|---|---|---|
| 10 | — | 0.11642 |
| 10.1617 | — | 0.11743 |
| 10.3261 | — | 0.11844 |
| 10.4931 | — | 0.11947 |
| 10.6628 | — | 0.12051 |
| 10.8353 | — | 0.12155 |
| 11.0106 | — | 0.12261 |
| 11.1886 | — | 0.12367 |
| 11.3696 | — | 0.12444 |
| 11.5535 | — | 0.12502 |
ਵਾਧੂ ਡਾਟਾ
Estimated Crustal Abundance
The estimated element abundance in the earth's crust.
2.0×101 milligrams per kilogram
ਸੰਦਰਭ (1)
Estimated Oceanic Abundance
The estimated element abundance in the earth's oceans.
1.8×10-1 milligrams per liter
ਸੰਦਰਭ (1)
Sources
Sources of this element.
It does not occur freely in nature; combined, it is found in small units in nearly all igneous rocks and in many mineral springs. Lepidolite, spodumene, petalite, and amblygonite are the more important minerals containing it.
Lithium is presently being recovered from brines of Searles Lake, in California, and from those in Nevada. Large deposits of quadramene are found in North Carolina. The metal is produced electrolytically from the fused chloride. Lithium is silvery in appearance, much like Na, K, and other members of the alkali metal series. It reacts with water, but not as vigorously as sodium. Lithium imparts a beautiful crimson color to a flame, but when the metal burns strongly, the flame is a dazzling white.
ਸੰਦਰਭ (1)
- [6] Lithium https://periodic.lanl.gov/3.shtml
ਸੰਦਰਭ
(9)
Data deposited in or computed by PubChem
The half-life and atomic mass data was provided by the Atomic Mass Data Center at the International Atomic Energy Agency.
Element data are cited from the Atomic weights of the elements (an IUPAC Technical Report). The IUPAC periodic table of elements can be found at https://iupac.org/what-we-do/periodic-table-of-elements/. Additional information can be found within IUPAC publication doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0703 Copyright © 2020 International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.
The information are cited from Pure Appl. Chem. 2018; 90(12): 1833-2092, https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2015-0703.
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jefferson Lab) is one of 17 national laboratories funded by the U.S. Department of Energy. The lab's primary mission is to conduct basic research of the atom's nucleus using the lab's unique particle accelerator, known as the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF). For more information visit https://www.jlab.org/
The periodic table at the LANL (Los Alamos National Laboratory) contains basic element information together with the history, source, properties, use, handling and more. The provenance data may be found from the link under the source name.
The periodic table contains NIST's critically-evaluated data on atomic properties of the elements. The provenance data that include data for atomic spectroscopy, X-ray and gamma ray, radiation dosimetry, nuclear physics, and condensed matter physics may be found from the link under the source name. Ref: https://www.nist.gov/pml/atomic-spectra-database
This section provides all form of data related to element Lithium.
The element property data was retrieved from publications.