Ruthenium vs Rhodium

Side-by-side comparison of Ruthenium (Ru, element 44) and Rhodium (Rh, element 45) by atomic structure and physical properties.

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PropertyRu Ruthenium Rh Rhodium
Atomic number4445
SymbolRuRh
NameRutheniumRhodium
Categorytransition-metaltransition-metal
Standard Atomic Weight101.07 u102.9055 u
Period55
Group89
Blockdd
Phase at STPSolidSolid
Electron configuration[Kr]4d75s1[Kr]4d85s1
Oxidation states[-4, -2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8][-3, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]
Electronegativity (Pauling)2.22.28
Electron affinity1.05 eV1.137 eV
Density1.21e+4 kg/m³1.24e+4 kg/m³
Melting point2333.85 °C1963.85 °C
Boiling point4149.85 °C3694.85 °C
Discovery year18271803

Key Differences

PropertyRu RutheniumRh Rhodium
Standard Atomic Weight101.07 u ↓ lower102.9055 u ↑ higher
Density1.21e+4 kg/m³ ↓ lower1.24e+4 kg/m³ ↑ higher
Melting point2333.85 °C ↑ higher1963.85 °C ↓ lower
Boiling point4149.85 °C ↑ higher3694.85 °C ↓ lower
Electronegativity (Pauling)2.2 ↓ lower2.28 ↑ higher
Electron affinity1.05 eV ↓ lower1.137 eV ↑ higher
Group8 9
Electron configuration[Kr]4d75s1 [Kr]4d85s1
Discovery year1827 1803