Rhodium vs Palladium

Side-by-side comparison of Rhodium (Rh, element 45) and Palladium (Pd, element 46) by atomic structure and physical properties.

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PropertyRh Rhodium Pd Palladium
Atomic number4546
SymbolRhPd
NameRhodiumPalladium
Categorytransition-metaltransition-metal
Standard Atomic Weight102.9055 u106.42 u
Period55
Group910
Blockdd
Phase at STPSolidSolid
Electron configuration[Kr]4d85s1[Kr]4d10
Oxidation states[-3, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7][1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
Electronegativity (Pauling)2.282.2
Electron affinity1.137 eV0.557 eV
Density1.24e+4 kg/m³1.2e+4 kg/m³
Melting point1963.85 °C1554.9 °C
Boiling point3694.85 °C2962.85 °C
Discovery year18031802

Key Differences

PropertyRh RhodiumPd Palladium
Standard Atomic Weight102.9055 u ↓ lower106.42 u ↑ higher
Density1.24e+4 kg/m³ ↑ higher1.2e+4 kg/m³ ↓ lower
Melting point1963.85 °C ↑ higher1554.9 °C ↓ lower
Boiling point3694.85 °C ↑ higher2962.85 °C ↓ lower
Electronegativity (Pauling)2.28 ↑ higher2.2 ↓ lower
Electron affinity1.137 eV ↑ higher0.557 eV ↓ lower
Group9 10
Electron configuration[Kr]4d85s1 [Kr]4d10
Discovery year1803 1802