Lead vs Bismuth

Side-by-side comparison of Lead (Pb, element 82) and Bismuth (Bi, element 83) by atomic structure and physical properties.

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PropertyPb Lead Bi Bismuth
Atomic number8283
SymbolPbBi
NameLeadBismuth
Categorypost-transition-metalpost-transition-metal
Standard Atomic Weight207.2 u208.9804 u
Period66
Group1415
Blockpp
Phase at STPSolidSolid
Electron configuration[Xe]4f145d106s26p2[Xe]4f145d106s26p3
Oxidation states[-4, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4][-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
Electronegativity (Pauling)2.332.02
Electron affinity0.356721 eV0.942 eV
Density1.1342e+4 kg/m³9807 kg/m³
Melting point327.46 °C271.4 °C
Boiling point1748.85 °C1563.85 °C
Discovery year20211753

Key Differences

PropertyPb LeadBi Bismuth
Standard Atomic Weight207.2 u ↓ lower208.9804 u ↑ higher
Density1.1342e+4 kg/m³ ↑ higher9807 kg/m³ ↓ lower
Melting point327.46 °C ↑ higher271.4 °C ↓ lower
Boiling point1748.85 °C ↑ higher1563.85 °C ↓ lower
Electronegativity (Pauling)2.33 ↑ higher2.02 ↓ lower
Electron affinity0.356721 eV ↓ lower0.942 eV ↑ higher
Group14 15
Electron configuration[Xe]4f145d106s26p2 [Xe]4f145d106s26p3
Discovery year2021 1753