Silicon vs Phosphorus

Side-by-side comparison of Silicon (Si, element 14) and Phosphorus (P, element 15) by atomic structure and physical properties.

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PropertySi Silicon P Phosphorus
Atomic number1415
SymbolSiP
NameSiliconPhosphorus
Categorymetalloidnonmetal
Standard Atomic Weight28.085 u30.973762 u
Period33
Group1415
Blockpp
Phase at STPSolidSolid
Electron configuration[Ne]3s23p2[Ne]3s23p3
Oxidation states[-4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4][-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
Electronegativity (Pauling)1.92.19
Electron affinity1.385 eV0.7466 eV
Density2329.6 kg/m³1820 kg/m³
Melting point1413.85 °C44.15 °C
Boiling point3264.85 °C280.5 °C
Discovery year18241669

Key Differences

PropertySi SiliconP Phosphorus
Standard Atomic Weight28.085 u ↓ lower30.973762 u ↑ higher
Density2329.6 kg/m³ ↑ higher1820 kg/m³ ↓ lower
Melting point1413.85 °C ↑ higher44.15 °C ↓ lower
Boiling point3264.85 °C ↑ higher280.5 °C ↓ lower
Electronegativity (Pauling)1.9 ↓ lower2.19 ↑ higher
Electron affinity1.385 eV ↑ higher0.7466 eV ↓ lower
Group14 15
Categorymetalloid nonmetal
Electron configuration[Ne]3s23p2 [Ne]3s23p3
Discovery year1824 1669