Mercury vs Thallium
Side-by-side comparison of Mercury (Hg, element 80) and Thallium (Tl, element 81) by atomic structure and physical properties.
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| Atomic number | 80 | 81 |
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| Symbol | Hg | Tl |
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| Name | Mercury | Thallium |
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| Category | transition-metal | post-transition-metal |
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| Standard Atomic Weight | 200.592 u | 204.3835 u |
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| Period | 6 | 6 |
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| Group | 12 | 13 |
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| Block | d | p |
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| Phase at STP | Liquid | Solid |
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| Electron configuration | [Xe]4f145d106s2 | [Xe]4f145d106s26p1 |
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| Oxidation states | [-2, 1, 2] | [-5, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3] |
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| Electronegativity (Pauling) | 2 | 1.62 |
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| Electron affinity | -0.5 eV | 0.320053 eV |
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| Density | 1.35336e+4 kg/m³ | 1.18e+4 kg/m³ |
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| Melting point | -38.83 °C | 303.85 °C |
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| Boiling point | 356.73 °C | 1472.85 °C |
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| Discovery year | N/A | 1861 |
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Key Differences
| Hg Mercury | Tl Thallium |
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| Standard Atomic Weight | 200.592 u ↓ lower | 204.3835 u ↑ higher |
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| Density | 1.35336e+4 kg/m³ ↑ higher | 1.18e+4 kg/m³ ↓ lower |
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| Melting point | -38.83 °C ↓ lower | 303.85 °C ↑ higher |
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| Boiling point | 356.73 °C ↓ lower | 1472.85 °C ↑ higher |
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| Electronegativity (Pauling) | 2 ↑ higher | 1.62 ↓ lower |
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| Electron affinity | -0.5 eV ↓ lower | 0.320053 eV ↑ higher |
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| Group | 12 | 13 |
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| Block | d | p |
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| Category | transition-metal | post-transition-metal |
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| Phase at STP | Liquid | Solid |
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| Electron configuration | [Xe]4f145d106s2 | [Xe]4f145d106s26p1 |
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