Europium vs Gadolinium

Side-by-side comparison of Europium (Eu, element 63) and Gadolinium (Gd, element 64) by atomic structure and physical properties.

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PropertyEu Europium Gd Gadolinium
Atomic number6364
SymbolEuGd
NameEuropiumGadolinium
Categorylanthanidelanthanide
Standard Atomic Weight151.964 u157.25 u
Period66
GroupN/AN/A
Blockff
Phase at STPSolidSolid
Electron configuration[Xe]4f76s2[Xe]4f75d16s2
Oxidation states[0, 2, 3][0, 1, 2, 3]
Electronegativity (Pauling)N/A1.2
Electron affinity0.116 eV0.212 eV
Density5240 kg/m³7900 kg/m³
Melting point821.85 °C1312.85 °C
Boiling point1528.85 °C3272.85 °C
Discovery year18961880

Key Differences

PropertyEu EuropiumGd Gadolinium
Standard Atomic Weight151.964 u ↓ lower157.25 u ↑ higher
Density5240 kg/m³ ↓ lower7900 kg/m³ ↑ higher
Melting point821.85 °C ↓ lower1312.85 °C ↑ higher
Boiling point1528.85 °C ↓ lower3272.85 °C ↑ higher
Electron affinity0.116 eV ↓ lower0.212 eV ↑ higher
Electron configuration[Xe]4f76s2 [Xe]4f75d16s2
Discovery year1896 1880