Gallium vs Niobium
| Property | Ga Gallium | Nb Niobium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic number | 31 | 41 |
| Symbol | Ga | Nb |
| Name | Gallium | Niobium |
| Category | post-transition-metal | transition-metal |
| Standard Atomic Weight | 69.723 u | 92.90637 u |
| Period | 4 | 5 |
| Group | 13 | 5 |
| Block | p | s |
| Phase at STP | solid | solid |
| Electron configuration | [Ar]4s23d104p1 | [Kr]5s14d4 |
| Oxidation states | [-5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3] | [-3, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5] |
| Electronegativity (Pauling) | 1.81 | 1.6 |
| Electron affinity | 0.3 eV | 0.893 eV |
| Density | 5910 kg/m³ | 8570 kg/m³ |
| Melting point | 29.76 °C | 2476.85 °C |
| Boiling point | 2203.85 °C | 4743.85 °C |
| Discovery year | 1875 | 1801 |