Copper vs Niobium
| Property | Cu Copper | Nb Niobium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic number | 29 | 41 |
| Symbol | Cu | Nb |
| Name | Copper | Niobium |
| Category | transition-metal | transition-metal |
| Standard Atomic Weight | 63.546 u | 92.90637 u |
| Period | 4 | 5 |
| Group | 11 | 5 |
| Block | s | s |
| Phase at STP | solid | solid |
| Electron configuration | [Ar]4s13d10 | [Kr]5s14d4 |
| Oxidation states | [-2, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4] | [-3, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5] |
| Electronegativity (Pauling) | 1.9 | 1.6 |
| Electron affinity | 1.235 eV | 0.893 eV |
| Density | 8933 kg/m³ | 8570 kg/m³ |
| Melting point | 1084.62 °C | 2476.85 °C |
| Boiling point | 2561.85 °C | 4743.85 °C |
| Discovery year | N/A | 1801 |