Calcium vs Niobium
| Property | Ca Calcium | Nb Niobium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic number | 20 | 41 |
| Symbol | Ca | Nb |
| Name | Calcium | Niobium |
| Category | alkaline-earth-metal | transition-metal |
| Standard Atomic Weight | 40.078 u | 92.90637 u |
| Period | 4 | 5 |
| Group | 2 | 5 |
| Block | s | s |
| Phase at STP | solid | solid |
| Electron configuration | [Ar]4s2 | [Kr]5s14d4 |
| Oxidation states | [1, 2] | [-3, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5] |
| Electronegativity (Pauling) | 1 | 1.6 |
| Electron affinity | 0.0245 eV | 0.893 eV |
| Density | 1540 kg/m³ | 8570 kg/m³ |
| Melting point | 841.85 °C | 2476.85 °C |
| Boiling point | 1483.85 °C | 4743.85 °C |
| Discovery year | 1808 | 1801 |