Calcium vs Scandium

Side-by-side comparison of Calcium (Ca, element 20) and Scandium (Sc, element 21) by atomic structure and physical properties.

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PropertyCa Calcium Sc Scandium
Atomic number2021
SymbolCaSc
NameCalciumScandium
Categoryalkaline-earth-metaltransition-metal
Standard Atomic Weight40.078 u44.955908 u
Period44
Group23
Blocksd
Phase at STPSolidSolid
Electron configuration[Ar]4s2[Ar]3d14s2
Oxidation states[1, 2][0, 1, 2, 3]
Electronegativity (Pauling)11.36
Electron affinity0.024551 eV0.17938 eV
Density1540 kg/m³2990 kg/m³
Melting point841.85 °C1540.85 °C
Boiling point1483.85 °C2835.85 °C
Discovery year18081879

Key Differences

PropertyCa CalciumSc Scandium
Standard Atomic Weight40.078 u ↓ lower44.955908 u ↑ higher
Density1540 kg/m³ ↓ lower2990 kg/m³ ↑ higher
Melting point841.85 °C ↓ lower1540.85 °C ↑ higher
Boiling point1483.85 °C ↓ lower2835.85 °C ↑ higher
Electronegativity (Pauling)1 ↓ lower1.36 ↑ higher
Electron affinity0.024551 eV ↓ lower0.17938 eV ↑ higher
Group2 3
Blocks d
Categoryalkaline-earth-metal transition-metal
Electron configuration[Ar]4s2 [Ar]3d14s2
Discovery year1808 1879