Beryllium (Be)
alkaline-earth-metalSolid
标准原子量
9.012183 u电子排布
[He] 2s2熔点
1286.85 °C沸点
2470.85 °C密度
1850 kg/m³氧化态
0, +1, +2电负性（鲍林）
1.57第一电离能
9.322699 eV发现年份
1797原子半径
105 pm详细信息
Beryllium is a light alkaline earth metal with unusually high stiffness, low density, and a high melting point for its mass. Its chemistry is dominated by the +2 oxidation state, but the small Be²⁺ ion gives many compounds pronounced covalent character. The element is rare in accessible ores, chiefly obtained from beryl and bertrandite, and is technologically important where low mass, dimensional stability, and transparency to X-rays are valuable.
The metal, steel gray in color, has many desirable properties. As one of the lightest of all metals, it has one of the highest melting points of the light metals. Its modulus of elasticity is about one third greater than that of steel. It resists attack by concentrated nitric acid, has excellent thermal conductivity, and is nonmagnetic. It has a high permeability to X-rays and when bombarded by alpha particles, as from radium or polonium, neutrons are produced in the amount of about 30 neutrons/million alpha particles.
At ordinary temperatures, beryllium resists oxidation in air, although its ability to scratch glass is probably due to the formation of a thin layer of the oxide.
The name derives from the Greek word beryllos for "beryl", a gemstone in which it is found (3BeO×Al2O3×6SiO2).
Beryllium was discovered by the French chemist and pharmacist Nicholas-Louis Vauquelin in beryl and emerald in 1797. The element was first separated in 1828 by the French chemist Antoine-Alexandre-Brutus Bussy and independently by the German chemist Friedrich Wöhler. Because the salts of beryllium have a sweet taste, the element was also known as glucinium from the Greek glykys for "sweet", until IUPAC selected the name beryllium in 1949.
Although emeralds and beryl were known to ancient civilizations, they were first recognized as the same mineral (Be3Al2(SiO3)6) by Abbé Haüy in 1798. Later that year, Louis-Nicholas Vauquelin, a French chemist, discovered that an unknown element was present in emeralds and beryl. Attempts to isolate the new element finally succeeded in 1828 when two chemists, Friedrich Wölhler of Germany and A. Bussy of France, independently produced beryllium by reducing beryllium chloride (BeCl2) with potassium in a platinum crucible. Today, beryllium is primarily obtained from the minerals beryl (Be3Al2(SiO3)6) and bertrandite (4BeO·2SiO2·H2O) through a chemical process or through the electrolysis of a mixture of molten beryllium chloride (BeCl2) and sodium chloride (NaCl).
From the Greek word beryllos, beryl; also called glucinium or glucinum, Greek glykys, sweet. Discovered in the oxide form by Vauquelin in both beryl and emeralds in 1798. The metal was isolated in 1828 by Wohler and by Bussy independently by the action of potassium on beryllium chloride.
Pure beryllium is a hard, brittle, steel-gray metal with a metallic luster. It is solid at ordinary conditions and forms a thin, adherent oxide film that helps resist further oxidation in dry air. Powdered or freshly machined material is more reactive and presents greater handling risk.
Beryllium metal is used in specialized aerospace, defense, satellite, and scientific instruments where stiffness, low density, and thermal stability justify its cost and handling controls. Thin beryllium windows transmit X-rays and are used in X-ray tubes and detectors. Copper-beryllium alloys are important for springs, electrical contacts, non-sparking tools, and fatigue-resistant precision parts. Beryllium oxide ceramics are used as electrically insulating but thermally conductive materials in some electronic and microwave components.
Beryllium is relatively transparent to X-rays and is used to make windows for X-ray tubes. When exposed to alpha particles, such as those emitted by radium or polonium, beryllium emits neutrons and is used as a neutron source. Beryllium is also used as a moderator in nuclear reactors.
Beryllium is alloyed with copper (2% beryllium, 98% copper) to form a wear resistant material, known as beryllium bronze, used in gyroscopes and other devices where wear resistance is important. Beryllium is alloyed with nickel (2% beryllium, 98% nickel) to make springs, spot-welding electrodes and non-sparking tools. Other beryllium alloys are used in the windshield, brake disks and other structural components of the space shuttle.
Beryllium oxide (BeO), a compound of beryllium, is used in the nuclear industry and in ceramics.
Beryllium was once known as glucinum, which means sweet, since beryllium and many of its compounds have a sugary taste. Unfortunately for the chemists that discovered this particular property, beryllium and many of its compounds are poisonous and should never be tasted or ingested.
Beryllium is used as an alloying agent in producing beryllium copper, which is extensively used for springs, electrical contacts, spot-welding electrodes, and non-sparking tools. It is applied as a structural material for high-speed aircraft, missiles, spacecraft, and communication satellites. Other uses include windshield frame, brake discs, support beams, and other structural components of the space shuttle.
Because beryllium is relatively transparent to X-rays, ultra-thin Be-foil is finding use in X-ray lithography for reproduction of micro-miniature integrated circuits.
Beryllium is used in nuclear reactors as a reflector or moderator for it has a low thermal neutron absorption cross section.
It is used in gyroscopes, computer parts, and instruments where lightness, stiffness, and dimensional stability are required. The oxide has a very high melting point and is also used in nuclear work and ceramic applications.
Isotopes in Geochronology
Cosmogenic 10Be and 7Be isotopes are produced in the atmosphere, largely by cosmic-ray spallation of nitrogen and oxygen. Because of its relatively short half-life (7Be, half-life t1/2=53 d, compared to that of 10Be, half-life t1/2=1.39×106 a, where the unit symbol “d” stands for day and “a” stands for year), measurements of cosmogenic 7Be, and especially the isotope-amount ratio n(7Be)/n(10Be), have been used to study rates of atmospheric circulation, mixing, formation of aerosols (fine solids or liquids suspended in a gas; e.g. smoke and mist are aerosols), and particle deposition [44] C. E. Jordan, J. E. Dibb, R. C. Finkel. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos.108, (2003).. Cosmogenic atmospheric beryllium isotopes (7Be and 10Be) are deposited on the Earth’s surface, where they accumulate in soils, sediments, and snow while decaying away. Measurements of cosmogenic beryllium isotopes in such deposits are used to explore rates of soil formation, erosion, sedimentation, and snow accumulation on time scales ranging from months (7Be) to millions of years (10Be) [45] J. M. Kaste, S. A. Norton, C. T. Hess. Rev. Mineral. Geochem.50, 271 (2002)., [46] J. A. Graly, P. R. Bierman, L. J. Reusser, M. J. Pavich. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta.74, 6814 (2010).. The minerals in rocks at the Earth’s surface interact with cosmic rays and form substantial quantities of 10Be and 7Be, thus providing a tool to determine the ages of geologic processes. In some situations, it is possible to estimate “exposure ages” for rocks in eroding terrains [47] P. R. Bierman, M. W. Caffee, P. T. Davis, K. Marsella, M. Pavich, P. Colgan, D. Mickelson, J. Larsen. Rev. Mineral. Geochem.50, 147 (2002)., [48] P. Bierman, E. A. Zen, M. Pavich, L. Reusser. U.S. Geol. Surv. Circ.1264, 191 (2004)., [49] L. Reusser, P. Bierman, M. Pavich, J. Larsen, R. Finkel. Am. J. Sci.306, 69 (2006).. By comparing measured 10Be concentrations with estimated rates of in situ cosmogenic 10Be production, the rate of rock erosion and formation of canyons and other geologic features can be determined (Fig. IUPAC.4.1).
Anthropogenic 10Be was produced by nuclear bomb explosions largely through the reaction of fast neutrons (neutrons produced by nuclear fission having high kinetic energy) with 13C via the 13C (n, alpha) 10Be reaction in atmospheric CO2. Although the quantity of 10Be produced in this way is small, its presence above natural background concentrations in some environmental samples can potentially provide information about bomb-related processes and contamination [50] N. E. Whitehead, S. Endo, K. Tanaka, T. Takatsuji, M. Hoshi, S. Fukutani, R. G. Ditchburn, A. Zondervan. J. Environ. Radioact.99, 260 (2008)..
Beryllium most commonly forms Be²⁺ compounds, although their bonding is often strongly polarizing and partly covalent. Beryllium oxide (BeO) is a refractory ceramic with high thermal conductivity and electrical insulation. Beryllium hydroxide (Be(OH)₂) is amphoteric, dissolving in both acids and strong bases. Beryllium chloride (BeCl₂) is polymeric in the solid state and hydrolyzes readily. Natural beryllium occurs mainly in silicate minerals, especially beryl, with ideal formula Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈, and in bertrandite, Be₄Si₂O₇(OH)₂.
See more information at the Beryllium compound page.
Beryllium metal, dusts, fumes, and soluble compounds are highly toxic by inhalation. Occupational exposure can cause sensitization and chronic beryllium disease, a serious immune-mediated lung disorder. Machining, grinding, and high-temperature processing require strict dust and fume control. Solid finished articles are less hazardous if they are not abraded, heated, or otherwise made into respirable material.
Beryllium and its salts are toxic and should be handled with the greatest of care. Beryllium and its compounds should not be tasted to verify the sweetish nature of beryllium (as did early experimenters). The metal, its alloys, and its salts can be handled if certain work codes are observed, but no attempt should be made to work with beryllium before becoming familiar with proper safeguards.
Beryllium is a minor constituent of the continental crust and is concentrated by geological processes into uncommon silicate minerals. It has no known essential biological role. In soils and waters its mobility depends strongly on pH, mineral surfaces, and complexation; it is generally not abundant in natural waters. Environmental releases are mainly associated with mining, ore processing, combustion of some coals, and industrial handling of beryllium-containing materials.
Commercial beryllium supply is limited by the scarcity of workable deposits and by the need for controlled processing because of toxicity. Bertrandite ores in the United States and beryl from several regions have been important feedstocks. Extraction is chemically complex, and much demand is for high-value metal, copper-beryllium master alloys, and beryllium oxide ceramics rather than bulk structural metal. Recycling occurs from manufacturing scrap and selected end-of-life alloys, but health controls and material traceability are significant constraints. Substitution is often possible only with loss of stiffness, conductivity, X-ray transparency, or fatigue performance.
Beryllium is found in some 30 mineral species, the most important of which are bertrandite, beryl, chrysoberyl, and phenacite. Aquamarine and emerald are precious forms of beryl. Beryl and bertrandite are the most important commercial sources of the element and its compounds. Most of the metal is now prepared by reducing beryllium fluoride with magnesium metal. Beryllium metal did not become readily available to industry until 1957.
Beryllium is cosmically scarce because stable nuclei with mass numbers 5 and 8 are absent, limiting its production in ordinary stellar fusion chains. Most natural beryllium is thought to form by cosmic-ray spallation of heavier nuclei such as carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen in interstellar material. It is present in the Solar System only at low abundance compared with neighboring light elements.
- Beryllium has only one stable isotope, ⁹Be.
- Emerald and aquamarine are gem varieties of beryl colored by trace impurities, not by beryllium itself.
- Beryllium windows can pass X-rays while blocking visible light and air.
- Copper-beryllium tools are valued where sparking must be minimized.
- Beryllium oxide combines ceramic insulation with unusually high heat conduction.
图片
性质
物理性质
- 原子半径（经验值）
- 105 pm 比较所有元素的原子半径（经验值） →
- 共价半径
- 96 pm 比较所有元素的共价半径 →
- 范德华半径
- 153 pm 比较所有元素的范德华半径 →
- 金属半径
- 89 pm 比较所有元素的金属半径 →
- 密度
- 1850 kg/m³ 比较所有元素的密度 →
- 摩尔体积
- 0.005 L/mol
- 标准温度和压力下的物相
- 固态 比较所有元素的标准温度和压力下的物相 →
- 熔点
- 1286.85 °C 比较所有元素的熔点 →
- 沸点
- 2470.85 °C 比较所有元素的沸点 →
- 热导率
- 201 W/(m·K) 比较所有元素的热导率 →
- 比热容
- 1.825 J/(g·K) 比较所有元素的比热容 →
- 摩尔热容
- 16.443 J/(mol·K) 比较所有元素的摩尔热容 →
- 晶体结构
- 六方密堆积 比较所有元素的晶体结构 →
化学性质
- 电负性（鲍林）
- 1.57 比较所有元素的电负性（鲍林） →
- 电负性（Allen）
- 1.576
- 电子亲和能
- -0.52 eV (负值——预计该原子不结合额外电子)
- 第一电离能
- 9.322699 eV 比较所有元素的第一电离能 →
- 第二电离能
- 18.211213 eV 比较所有元素的第二电离能 →
- 第三电离能
- 153.896735 eV 比较所有元素的第三电离能 →
- 第四电离能
- 217.719334 eV 比较所有元素的第四电离能 →
- 氧化态
- 0, +1, +2 比较所有元素的氧化态 →
- 价电子
- 2 比较所有元素的价电子 →
- 电子排布
- [He] 2s2
热力学性质
- 临界点（温度）
- 4932 °C
- 熔化热
- 0.12644453 eV 比较所有元素的熔化热 →
- 汽化热
- 3.078199 eV 比较所有元素的汽化热 →
- 升华热
- 3.358035 eV
- 原子化热
- 3.358035 eV
- 原子化焓
- 3.358035 eV
核性质
- 质子
- 4 比较所有元素的质子 →
- 中子
- 5 比较所有元素的中子 →
- 已知同位素
- 12 比较所有元素的已知同位素 →
- 稳定同位素
- 1 比较所有元素的稳定同位素 →
- 最稳定同位素
- Be-9
- 发现年份
- 1797
丰度
- 丰度（地壳）
- 2.8 mg/kg 比较所有元素的丰度（地壳） →
- 丰度（海洋）
- 5.6 × 10−6 mg/L 比较所有元素的丰度（海洋） →
晶体结构
- 晶格常数a
- 229 pm
电子结构
- 各电子层电子数
- 2, 2 比较所有元素的各电子层电子数 →
标识符
- CAS登记号
- 7440-41-7 比较所有元素的CAS登记号 →
- 谱项符号
- 1S0
- InChI
- InChI=1S/Be
- InChI Key
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
电子排布 实测值
Be: 2s²[He] 2s²1s² 2s²原子模型
不同同位素的中子数、质量和稳定性不同，但中性原子的电子排布不变。
原子模型示意图，未按比例绘制。
原子指纹
发射 / 吸收光谱
同位素分布
| 质量数 | 原子质量（u） | 天然丰度 | 半衰期 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 9 稳定 | 9.012183065 ± 0.000000082 | 100.0000% | 稳定 |
物相 / 状态
原因: 低于熔点（1286.85 °C）1261.8 °C
示意图，未按比例绘制
相变点
相变能
在熔点熔化1 mol物质所需的能量
在沸点汽化1 mol物质所需的能量
在升华点升华1 mol物质所需的能量
密度
标准条件下
标准条件下
高级
原子光谱
收录谱线 ?
| 离子 | 电荷 | 谱线总数 | 跃迁概率 | 能级标记 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Be I | 0 | 581 | 394 | 581 |
| Be II | +1 | 681 | 149 | 681 |
| Be III | +2 | 323 | 302 | 316 |
| Be IV | +3 | 142 | 142 | 142 |
离子半径
| 电荷 | 配位 | 自旋 | 半径 |
|---|---|---|---|
| +2 | 3 | 暂无 | 16 pm |
| +2 | 4 | 暂无 | 27 pm |
| +2 | 6 | 暂无 | 45 pm |
化合物
同位素 (1)
| 质量数 | 原子质量（u） | 天然丰度 | 半衰期 | 衰变方式 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9 稳定 | 9.012183065 ± 0.000000082 | 100.0000% | 稳定 | stable |
谱线
| 波长（nm） | 强度 | 电离级 | 类型 | 跃迁 | 准确度 | 来源 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 381.3453 nm | 22 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.2p 1P* → 1s2.2s.4d 1D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 385.17 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3p 4D → 1s.2p.4s 4P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 385.17 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3p 4D → 1s.2p.4s 4P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 385.17 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3p 4D → 1s.2p.4s 4P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 385.17 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3p 4D → 1s.2p.4s 4P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 385.17 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3p 4D → 1s.2p.4s 4P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 385.17 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3p 4D → 1s.2p.4s 4P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 385.17 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3p 4D → 1s.2p.4s 4P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 385.17 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3p 4D → 1s.2p.4s 4P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 386.513 nm | 3 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2p2 3P → 1s2.2p.3s 3P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 386.5427 nm | 5 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2p2 3P → 1s2.2p.3s 3P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 386.5517 nm | 1 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2p2 3P → 1s2.2p.3s 3P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 386.5725 nm | 2 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2p2 3P → 1s2.2p.3s 3P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 386.6022 nm | 暂无 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2p2 3P → 1s2.2p.3s 3P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 386.6037 nm | 暂无 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2p2 3P → 1s2.2p.3s 3P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 388.143 nm | 暂无 | Be III | emission | 1s.4s 3S → 1s.5p 3P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 388.143 nm | 暂无 | Be III | emission | 1s.4s 3S → 1s.5p 3P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 388.143 nm | 暂无 | Be III | emission | 1s.4s 3S → 1s.5p 3P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 399.55 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.(3P*).3d 2D* → 1s.2p.(3P*).4f 2F | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 399.55 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.(3P*).3d 2D* → 1s.2p.(3P*).4f 2F | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 399.55 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.(3P*).3d 2D* → 1s.2p.(3P*).4f 2F | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 403.93 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4F* → 1s.2p.4f 4D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 403.93 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4F* → 1s.2p.4f 4D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 403.93 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4F* → 1s.2p.4f 4D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 403.93 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4F* → 1s.2p.4f 4D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 403.93 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4F* → 1s.2p.4f 4D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 403.93 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4F* → 1s.2p.4f 4D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 403.93 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4F* → 1s.2p.4f 4D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 403.93 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4F* → 1s.2p.4f 4D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 403.93 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4F* → 1s.2p.4f 4D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 416.63 nm | 暂无 | Be III | emission | 1s.4s 1S → 1s.5p 1P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 419.97 nm | 暂无 | Be III | emission | 1s.4s 1S → 1s.5d 1D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 424.41 nm | 暂无 | Be III | emission | 1s.4p 3P* → 1s.5d 1D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 424.41 nm | 暂无 | Be III | emission | 1s.4p 3P* → 1s.5d 1D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 424.906 nm | 暂无 | Be III | emission | 1s.4p 3P* → 1s.5d 3D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 424.906 nm | 暂无 | Be III | emission | 1s.4p 3P* → 1s.5d 3D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 424.906 nm | 暂无 | Be III | emission | 1s.4p 3P* → 1s.5d 3D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 424.906 nm | 暂无 | Be III | emission | 1s.4p 3P* → 1s.5d 3D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 424.906 nm | 暂无 | Be III | emission | 1s.4p 3P* → 1s.5d 3D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 424.906 nm | 暂无 | Be III | emission | 1s.4p 3P* → 1s.5d 3D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 425.2 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3p 4P* → 1s.2s.4s 4S | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 425.2 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3p 4P* → 1s.2s.4s 4S | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 425.2 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3p 4P* → 1s.2s.4s 4S | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 425.2987 nm | 暂无 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 3D → 1s2.2p.3s 3P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 425.2987 nm | 暂无 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 3D → 1s2.2p.3s 3P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 425.2987 nm | 暂无 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 3D → 1s2.2p.3s 3P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 425.3707 nm | 暂无 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 3D → 1s2.2p.3s 3P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 425.3707 nm | 暂无 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 3D → 1s2.2p.3s 3P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 425.4085 nm | 暂无 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 3D → 1s2.2p.3s 3P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 432.953 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2s.4f 4F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 432.953 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2s.4f 4F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 432.953 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2s.4f 4F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 432.953 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2s.4f 4F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 432.953 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2s.4f 4F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 432.953 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2s.4f 4F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 432.953 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2s.4f 4F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 432.953 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2s.4f 4F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 432.953 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2s.4f 4F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 433.302 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.10f 2F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 433.306 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.10f 2F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 433.306 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.10f 2F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 436.0665 nm | 810 | Be II | emission | 1s2.3p 2P* → 1s2.4d 2D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 436.0986 nm | 960 | Be II | emission | 1s2.3p 2P* → 1s2.4d 2D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 436.1032 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s2.3p 2P* → 1s2.4d 2D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 437.112 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4D* → 1s.2p.4f 4F | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 437.112 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4D* → 1s.2p.4f 4F | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 437.112 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4D* → 1s.2p.4f 4F | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 437.112 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4D* → 1s.2p.4f 4F | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 437.112 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4D* → 1s.2p.4f 4F | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 437.112 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4D* → 1s.2p.4f 4F | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 437.112 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4D* → 1s.2p.4f 4F | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 437.112 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4D* → 1s.2p.4f 4F | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 437.112 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4D* → 1s.2p.4f 4F | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 440.393 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.9d 2D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 440.408 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.9d 2D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 440.408 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.9d 2D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 440.7936 nm | 19 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.2p 1P* → 1s2.2s.4s 1S | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 445.828 nm | 暂无 | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 1D → 1s.5p 1P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 446.786 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.9s 2S | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 446.802 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.9s 2S | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 447.669 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s2.4s 2S → 1s2.7p 2P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 447.672 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s2.4s 2S → 1s2.7p 2P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 448.651 nm | 暂无 | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.5f 1F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 448.651 nm | 暂无 | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.5f 1F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 448.651 nm | 暂无 | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.5f 3F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 448.651 nm | 暂无 | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.5f 3F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 448.651 nm | 暂无 | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.5f 3F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 448.651 nm | 暂无 | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.5f 3F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 448.651 nm | 暂无 | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.5f 3F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 448.651 nm | 暂无 | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.5f 3F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 449.54 nm | 暂无 | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 1D → 1s.5f 1F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 449.54 nm | 暂无 | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 1D → 1s.5f 3F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 449.54 nm | 暂无 | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 1D → 1s.5f 3F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 449.96 nm | 暂无 | Be III | emission | 1s.4f 1F* → 1s.5d 1D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 449.96 nm | 暂无 | Be III | emission | 1s.4f 3F* → 1s.5d 1D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 450.511 nm | 暂无 | Be III | emission | 1s.4f 1F* → 1s.5d 3D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 450.511 nm | 暂无 | Be III | emission | 1s.4f 1F* → 1s.5d 3D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 450.511 nm | 暂无 | Be III | emission | 1s.4f 3F* → 1s.5d 3D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 450.511 nm | 暂无 | Be III | emission | 1s.4f 3F* → 1s.5d 3D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 450.511 nm | 暂无 | Be III | emission | 1s.4f 3F* → 1s.5d 3D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 450.511 nm | 暂无 | Be III | emission | 1s.4f 3F* → 1s.5d 3D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 450.511 nm | 暂无 | Be III | emission | 1s.4f 3F* → 1s.5d 3D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 450.511 nm | 暂无 | Be III | emission | 1s.4f 3F* → 1s.5d 3D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 452.6406 nm | 7 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.4p 1P* → 1s2.2p.3p 1P | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 453.543 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.9f 2F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 453.548 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.9f 2F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 453.548 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.9f 2F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 453.58 nm | 暂无 | Be III | emission | 1s.4p 1P* → 1s.5p 1P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 454.06 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s2.4f 2F* → 1s2.9g 2G | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 454.062 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s2.4f 2F* → 1s2.9g 2G | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 454.062 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s2.4f 2F* → 1s2.9g 2G | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 454.788 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.9p 2P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 454.789 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.9p 2P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 454.793 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.9p 2P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 454.8055 nm | 暂无 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s2 1S → 1s2.2s.2p 3P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 454.85379 nm | 暂无 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s2 1S → 1s2.2s.2p 3P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 457.266603 nm | 30 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.2p 1P* → 1s2.2s.3d 1D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 457.55 nm | 暂无 | Be III | emission | 1s.4p 1P* → 1s.5d 1D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 458.12 nm | 暂无 | Be III | emission | 1s.4p 1P* → 1s.5d 3D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 459.61 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2s.4p 4P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 459.61 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2s.4p 4P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 459.61 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2s.4p 4P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 459.61 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2s.4p 4P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 459.61 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2s.4p 4P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 459.61 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2s.4p 4P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 459.61 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2s.4p 4P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 459.61 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2s.4p 4P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 461.05 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3p 4P → 1s.2p.4s 4P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 461.05 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3p 4P → 1s.2p.4s 4P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 461.05 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3p 4P → 1s.2p.4s 4P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 461.05 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3p 4P → 1s.2p.4s 4P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 461.05 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3p 4P → 1s.2p.4s 4P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 461.05 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3p 4P → 1s.2p.4s 4P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 461.05 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3p 4P → 1s.2p.4s 4P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 462.827 nm | 暂无 | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.5p 3P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 462.827 nm | 暂无 | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.5p 3P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 462.827 nm | 暂无 | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.5p 3P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 462.827 nm | 暂无 | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.5p 3P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 462.827 nm | 暂无 | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.5p 3P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 462.827 nm | 暂无 | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.5p 3P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 463.774 nm | 暂无 | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 1D → 1s.5p 3P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 463.774 nm | 暂无 | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 1D → 1s.5p 3P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 465.722198 nm | 暂无 | Be IV | emission | 5p 2P* → 6d 2D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 465.730484 nm | 暂无 | Be IV | emission | 5s 2S → 6p 2P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 465.792545 nm | 暂无 | Be IV | emission | 5p 2P* → 6s 2S | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 465.805836 nm | 暂无 | Be IV | emission | 5s 2S → 6p 2P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 465.827127 nm | 暂无 | Be IV | emission | 5d 2D → 6f 2F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 465.827302 nm | 暂无 | Be IV | emission | 5p 2P* → 6d 2D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 465.85207 nm | 暂无 | Be IV | emission | 5d 2D → 6p 2P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 465.852419 nm | 暂无 | Be IV | emission | 5p 2P* → 6d 2D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 465.857919 nm | 暂无 | Be IV | emission | 5f 2F* → 6g 2G | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 465.857973 nm | 暂无 | Be IV | emission | 5d 2D → 6f 2F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 465.870408 nm | 暂无 | Be IV | emission | 5f 2F* → 6d 2D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 465.870532 nm | 暂无 | Be IV | emission | 5d 2D → 6f 2F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 465.872059 nm | 暂无 | Be IV | emission | 5g 2G → 6h 2H* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 465.872085 nm | 暂无 | Be IV | emission | 5f 2F* → 6g 2G | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 465.879556 nm | 暂无 | Be IV | emission | 5g 2G → 6f 2F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 465.879621 nm | 暂无 | Be IV | emission | 5f 2F* → 6g 2G | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 465.8800567 nm | 暂无 | Be IV | emission | 5g 2G → 6h 2H* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 465.8850804 nm | 暂无 | Be IV | emission | 5g 2G → 6h 2H* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 465.892111 nm | 暂无 | Be IV | emission | 5f 2F* → 6d 2D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 465.892116 nm | 暂无 | Be IV | emission | 5g 2G → 6f 2F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 465.892578 nm | 暂无 | Be IV | emission | 5g 2G → 6f 2F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 465.89548 nm | 暂无 | Be IV | emission | 5d 2D → 6p 2P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 465.89553 nm | 暂无 | Be IV | emission | 5f 2F* → 6d 2D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 465.9228055 nm | 暂无 | Be IV | emission | 5p 2P* → 6s 2S | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 465.927462 nm | 暂无 | Be IV | emission | 5d 2D → 6p 2P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 466.346 nm | 暂无 | Be III | emission | 1s.4p 3P* → 1s.5s 3S | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 466.346 nm | 暂无 | Be III | emission | 1s.4p 3P* → 1s.5s 3S | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 466.346 nm | 暂无 | Be III | emission | 1s.4p 3P* → 1s.5s 3S | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 466.37 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4P* → 1s.2p.4f 4D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 466.37 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4P* → 1s.2p.4f 4D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 466.37 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4P* → 1s.2p.4f 4D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 466.37 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4P* → 1s.2p.4f 4D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 466.37 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4P* → 1s.2p.4f 4D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 466.37 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4P* → 1s.2p.4f 4D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 466.37 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4P* → 1s.2p.4f 4D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 466.37 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4P* → 1s.2p.4f 4D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 467.3332 nm | 1060 | Be II | emission | 1s2.3d 2D → 1s2.4f 2F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 467.342 nm | 1160 | Be II | emission | 1s2.3d 2D → 1s2.4f 2F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 467.345 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s2.3d 2D → 1s2.4f 2F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 470.234 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.8d 2D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 470.252 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.8d 2D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 470.252 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.8d 2D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 470.9391 nm | 暂无 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.8p 3P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 470.9394 nm | 暂无 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.8p 3P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 470.9396 nm | 暂无 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.8p 3P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 480.759 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.8s 2S | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 480.777 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.8s 2S | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 482.799 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s2.3d 2D → 1s2.4p 2P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 482.812 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s2.3d 2D → 1s2.4p 2P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 482.818 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s2.3d 2D → 1s2.4p 2P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 484.9153 nm | 暂无 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.7p 3P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 484.9153 nm | 暂无 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.7p 3P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 484.9156 nm | 暂无 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.7p 3P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 485.233 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.8f 2F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 485.238 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.8f 2F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 485.238 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.8f 2F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 485.6045 nm | 暂无 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.2p 3P* → 1s2.2s.2p 1P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 485.61897 nm | 暂无 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.2p 3P* → 1s2.2s.2p 1P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 485.61897 nm | 暂无 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.2p 3P* → 1s2.2s.2p 1P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 485.6741 nm | 暂无 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.2p 3P* → 1s2.2s.2p 1P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 485.6741 nm | 暂无 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.2p 3P* → 1s2.2s.2p 1P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 485.82 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s2.4f 2F* → 1s2.8g 2G | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 485.823 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s2.4f 2F* → 1s2.8g 2G | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 485.823 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s2.4f 2F* → 1s2.8g 2G | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 508.7714 nm | 暂无 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.6p 3P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 508.7714 nm | 暂无 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.6p 3P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 508.7719 nm | 暂无 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.6p 3P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 515.2 nm | 暂无 | Be III | emission | 1s.5d 1D → 1s.7p 1P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 515.778 nm | 暂无 | Be III | emission | 1s.5d 3D → 1s.7f 3F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 515.778 nm | 暂无 | Be III | emission | 1s.5d 3D → 1s.7f 3F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 515.778 nm | 暂无 | Be III | emission | 1s.5d 3D → 1s.7f 3F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 515.778 nm | 暂无 | Be III | emission | 1s.5d 3D → 1s.7f 3F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 515.778 nm | 暂无 | Be III | emission | 1s.5d 3D → 1s.7f 3F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 515.778 nm | 暂无 | Be III | emission | 1s.5d 3D → 1s.7f 3F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 516.51 nm | 暂无 | Be III | emission | 1s.5d 1D → 1s.7f 3F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 516.51 nm | 暂无 | Be III | emission | 1s.5d 1D → 1s.7f 3F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 521.8119 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.7d 2D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 521.834 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.7d 2D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 521.834 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.7d 2D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 525.007 nm | 暂无 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 1S → 1s2.2s.9p 1P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 525.584 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s2.4s 2S → 1s2.6p 2P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 525.59 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s2.4s 2S → 1s2.6p 2P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 526.1527 nm | 5 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.5p 1P* → 1s2.2p.3p 1P | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 527.027 nm | 810 | Be II | emission | 1s2.3p 2P* → 1s2.4s 2S | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 527.0806 nm | 960 | Be II | emission | 1s2.3p 2P* → 1s2.4s 2S | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 536.552 nm | 暂无 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 1S → 1s2.2s.8p 1P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 540.299 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.7f 2F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 540.306 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.7f 2F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 540.306 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.7f 2F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 541.018 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s2.4f 2F* → 1s2.7g 2G | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 541.022 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s2.4f 2F* → 1s2.7g 2G | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 541.022 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s2.4f 2F* → 1s2.7g 2G | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 541.612 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.7s 2S | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 541.636 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.7s 2S | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 544.069 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.7p 2P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 544.073 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.7p 2P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 544.076 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.7p 2P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 554.648 nm | 暂无 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 1S → 1s2.2s.7p 1P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 555.881 nm | 暂无 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.5p 3P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 555.881 nm | 暂无 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.5p 3P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 555.881 nm | 暂无 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.5p 3P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 585.7012 nm | 3 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 1S → 1s2.2s.6p 1P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 593.771 nm | 暂无 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2p2 1D → 1s2.2s.9p 1P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 608.58 nm | 暂无 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2p2 1D → 1s2.2s.8p 1P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 608.6 nm | 暂无 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2p2 1D → 1s2.2s.8p 3P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 614.2 nm | 暂无 | Be III | emission | 1s.2s 1S → 1s.2p 1P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 622.9108 nm | 3 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2p2 1D → 1s2.2s.7f 1F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 627.9418 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.6d 2D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 627.9737 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.6d 2D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 627.9737 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.6d 2D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 631.966 nm | 暂无 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2p2 1D → 1s2.2s.7p 1P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 632.145 nm | 暂无 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2p2 1D → 1s2.2s.7p 3P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 647.3536 nm | 7 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 1S → 1s2.2s.5p 1P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 654.784 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.6f 2F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 654.793 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.6f 2F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 654.794 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.6f 2F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 655.833 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s2.4f 2F* → 1s2.6g 2G | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 655.839 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s2.4f 2F* → 1s2.6g 2G | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 655.839 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s2.4f 2F* → 1s2.6g 2G | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 656.4519 nm | 9 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2p2 1D → 1s2.2s.6f 1F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 663.633 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.6p 2P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 663.644 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.6p 2P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 663.644 nm | 暂无 | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.6p 2P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 671.15 nm | 暂无 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.9d 3D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 671.21 nm | 暂无 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.9d 3D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 671.23 nm | 暂无 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.9d 3D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 671.25 nm | 暂无 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.9d 3D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 671.25 nm | 暂无 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.9d 3D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 671.26 nm | 暂无 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.9d 3D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 672.598 nm | 暂无 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2p2 1D → 1s2.2s.6p 1P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 675.675 nm | 10 | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.6s 2S | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 675.712 nm | 110 | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.6s 2S | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 678.656 nm | 暂无 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.4p 3P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 678.656 nm | 暂无 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.4p 3P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 678.656 nm | 暂无 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.4p 3P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 688.422 nm | 暂无 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.8d 3D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 688.422 nm | 暂无 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.8d 3D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 688.423 nm | 暂无 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.8d 3D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 688.44 nm | 暂无 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.8d 3D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 688.44 nm | 暂无 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.8d 3D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 688.444 nm | 暂无 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.8d 3D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 698.273 nm | 13 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.2p 1P* → 1s2.2p2 1D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 704.98 nm | 暂无 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.8s 3S | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 704.98 nm | 暂无 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.8s 3S | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 705 nm | 暂无 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.8s 3S | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 715.44 nm | 暂无 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.7d 3D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 715.44 nm | 暂无 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.7d 3D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 715.441 nm | 暂无 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.7d 3D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 715.459 nm | 暂无 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.7d 3D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 715.46 nm | 暂无 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.7d 3D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 715.465 nm | 暂无 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.7d 3D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 720.9132 nm | 13 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2p2 1D → 1s2.2s.5f 1F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 720.928 nm | 暂无 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2p2 1D → 1s2.2s.5f 3F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 730.819 nm | 暂无 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 1P* → 1s2.2s.9d 1D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 740.1196 nm | 210 | Be II | emission | 1s2.4s 2S → 1s2.5p 2P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 740.1431 nm | 110 | Be II | emission | 1s2.4s 2S → 1s2.5p 2P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 743.44 nm | 暂无 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.7s 3S | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 743.44 nm | 暂无 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.7s 3S | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 743.46 nm | 暂无 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.7s 3S | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 744.887 nm | 暂无 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 1P* → 1s2.2s.9s 1S | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 749.842 nm | 暂无 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 1P* → 1s2.2s.8d 1D | 实测值 | NIST |
扩展性质
共价半径（扩展）
- 共价半径（Pyykkö）
- 102 pm
- 共价半径（Pyykkö，双键）
- 90 pm
- 共价半径（Pyykkö，三键）
- 85 pm
- 共价半径（Bragg）
- 115 pm
范德华半径
- Truhlar
- 153 pm
- Batsanov
- 190 pm
- Alvarez
- 198 pm
- UFF
- 274.5 pm
- MM3
- 223 pm
原子半径与金属半径
- 原子半径（Rahm）
- 219 pm
- 金属半径（C12）
- 112 pm
编号标度
- Mendeleev
- 75
- Pettifor
- 77
- Glawe
- 77
电负性标度
- Ghosh
- 0
- Miedema
- 5
- Gunnarsson–Lundqvist
- 4
- Robles–Bartolotti
- 4
极化率与色散
- 偶极极化率
- 37.74 a.u.
- 偶极极化率（不确定度）
- 0.03 a.u.
- C₆
- 227 Ha·Bohr6
- C₆ (Gould–Bučko)
- 214 Ha·Bohr6
Miedema参数
- Miedema摩尔体积
- 4.9 cm3/mol
- Miedema电子密度
- 5
供应风险与经济性
- 生产集中度
- 85
- 相对供应风险
- 8
- 政治稳定性（最大生产国）
- 57
相变与同素异形体
| 熔点 | 1560.15 K |
| 沸点 | 2741.15 K |
| 临界点（温度） | 5205.15 K |
氧化态分类
高级参考数据
屏蔽常数 (2)
| n | 轨道 | σ |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | s | 0.3152 |
| 2 | s | 2.088 |
晶体半径详情 (3)
| 电荷 | CN | 自旋 | rcrystal (pm) | 来源 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | III | 30 | ||
| 2 | IV | 41 | ||
| 2 | VI | 59 | calculated, |
同位素衰变方式 (19)
| 同位素 | 模式 | 强度 |
|---|---|---|
| 5 | p | — |
| 6 | 2p | 100% |
| 7 | EC | 100% |
| 8 | A | 100% |
| 10 | B- | 100% |
| 11 | B- | 100% |
| 11 | B-A | 3.3% |
| 11 | B-p | 0% |
| 11 | B-n | — |
| 12 | B- | 100% |
X射线散射因子 (724)
| 能量 (eV) | f₁ | f₂ |
|---|---|---|
| 10 | — | 1.70333 |
| 10.1617 | — | 1.71802 |
| 10.3261 | — | 1.73284 |
| 10.4931 | — | 1.74778 |
| 10.6628 | — | 1.75737 |
| 10.8353 | — | 1.76678 |
| 11.0105 | — | 1.77624 |
| 11.1886 | — | 1.78574 |
| 11.3696 | — | 1.7953 |
| 11.5535 | — | 1.80306 |
补充数据
Estimated Crustal Abundance
The estimated element abundance in the earth's crust.
2.8 milligrams per kilogram
参考文献 (1)
- [5] Beryllium https://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele004.html
Estimated Oceanic Abundance
The estimated element abundance in the earth's oceans.
5.6×10-6 milligrams per liter
参考文献 (1)
- [5] Beryllium https://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele004.html
Sources
Sources of this element.
Beryllium is found in some 30 mineral species, the most important of which are bertrandite, beryl, chrysoberyl, and phenacite. Aquamarine and emerald are precious forms of beryl. Beryl and bertrandite are the most important commercial sources of the element and its compounds. Most of the metal is now prepared by reducing beryllium fluoride with magnesium metal. Beryllium metal did not become readily available to industry until 1957.
参考文献 (1)
- [6] Beryllium https://periodic.lanl.gov/4.shtml
参考文献
(9)
Data deposited in or computed by PubChem
The half-life and atomic mass data was provided by the Atomic Mass Data Center at the International Atomic Energy Agency.
Element data are cited from the Atomic weights of the elements (an IUPAC Technical Report). The IUPAC periodic table of elements can be found at https://iupac.org/what-we-do/periodic-table-of-elements/. Additional information can be found within IUPAC publication doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0703 Copyright © 2020 International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.
The information are cited from Pure Appl. Chem. 2018; 90(12): 1833-2092, https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2015-0703.
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jefferson Lab) is one of 17 national laboratories funded by the U.S. Department of Energy. The lab's primary mission is to conduct basic research of the atom's nucleus using the lab's unique particle accelerator, known as the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF). For more information visit https://www.jlab.org/
The periodic table at the LANL (Los Alamos National Laboratory) contains basic element information together with the history, source, properties, use, handling and more. The provenance data may be found from the link under the source name.
The periodic table contains NIST's critically-evaluated data on atomic properties of the elements. The provenance data that include data for atomic spectroscopy, X-ray and gamma ray, radiation dosimetry, nuclear physics, and condensed matter physics may be found from the link under the source name. Ref: https://www.nist.gov/pml/atomic-spectra-database
This section provides all form of data related to element Beryllium.
The element property data was retrieved from publications.