Boron (B)
metalloidSolid
标准原子量
10.81 u [10.806, 10.821]电子排布
[He] 2s2 2p1熔点
2074.85 °C沸点
3999.85 °C密度
2370 kg/m³氧化态
−5, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3电负性（鲍林）
2.04第一电离能
8.298019 eV发现年份
1808原子半径
85 pm详细信息
Boron is a light metalloid in group 13, notable for electron-deficient bonding and a rich cluster chemistry. It occurs naturally only in compounds, mainly as borates in evaporite minerals and brines. Elemental boron is difficult to prepare in high purity and has several allotropes built from B₁₂ icosahedra. Technologically, boron is most important through borate minerals, borosilicate glass, detergents, ceramics, fertilizers, and neutron-absorbing materials.
An element of group 13 of the periodic table. There are two allotropes, amorphous boron is a brown power, but metallic boron is black. The metallic form is hard (9.3 on Mohs' scale) and a bad conductor in room temperatures. It is never found free in nature. Boron-10 is used in nuclear reactor control rods and shields. It was discovered in 1808 by Sir Humphry Davy and by J.L. Gay-Lussac and L.J. Thenard.
The name derives from the Arabic buraq for "white". Although its compounds were known for thousands of years, it was not isolated until 1808 by the French chemists Louis-Joseph Gay-Lussac and Louis-Jacques Thenard.
Boron was discovered by Joseph-Louis Gay-Lussac and Louis-Jaques Thénard, French chemists, and independently by Sir Humphry Davy, an English chemist, in 1808. They all isolated boron by combining boric acid (H3BO3) with potassium. Today, boron is obtained by heating borax (Na2B4O7·10H2O) with carbon, although other methods are used if high-purity boron is required.
From the Arabic word Buraq, Persian Burah. Boron compounds have been known for thousands of years, but the element was not discovered until 1808 by Sir Humphry Davy and by Gay-Lussac and Thenard.
Pure boron is usually encountered as a dark brown to black, hard, brittle solid with a semiconducting character. Amorphous boron is a powder, while crystalline allotropes have a dark, lustrous appearance; their properties depend strongly on purity and structure.
Most boron use is in compounds rather than the free element. Borates are used in glass fiber insulation, borosilicate glass, enamels, ceramics, detergents, flame retardants, and micronutrient fertilizers. Boron carbide, B₄C, is used in armor, abrasives, and control rods because it is very hard and absorbs neutrons. Elemental boron is used in small amounts in specialty alloys, pyrotechnic compositions, and semiconductor work. The isotope ¹⁰B is important in neutron detection, reactor control, and boron neutron capture therapy research and applications.
Boron is used in pyrotechnics and flares to produce a green color. Boron has also been used in some rockets as an ignition source. Boron-10, one of the naturally occurring isotopes of boron, is a good absorber of neutrons and is used in the control rods of nuclear reactors, as a radiation shield and as a neutron detector. Boron filaments are used in the aerospace industry because of their high-strength and lightweight.
Boron forms several commercially important compounds. The most important boron compound is sodium borate pentahydrate (Na2B4O7·5H2O). Large amounts of this compound are used in the manufacture of fiberglass insulation and sodium perborate bleach. The second most important compound is boric acid (H3BO3), which is used to manufacture textile fiberglass and is used in cellulose insulation as a flame retardant. Sodium borate decahydrate (Na2B4O7·10H2O), better known as borax, is the third most important boron compound. Borax is used in laundry products and as a mild antiseptic. Borax is also a key ingredient in a substance known as Oobleck, a strange material 6th grade students experiment with while participating in Jefferson Lab's BEAMS program. Other boron compounds are used to make borosilicate glasses, enamels for covering steel and as a potential medicine for treating arthritis.
Amorphous boron is used in pyrotechnic flares to provide a distinctive green color, and in rockets as an igniter.
By far the most commercially important boron compound in terms of dollar sales is Na2B4O7 • 5H2O. This pentahydrate is used in very large quantities in the manufacture of insulation fiberglass and sodium perborate bleach.
Boric acid is also an important boron compound with major markets in textile products. Use of borax as a mild antiseptic is minor in economical terms. Boron compounds are also extensively used in the manufacture of borosilicate glasses. Other boron compounds show promise in treating arthritis.
The isotope boron-10 is used as a control for nuclear reactors, as a shield for nuclear radiation, and in instruments used for detecting neutrons. Boron nitride has remarkable properties and can be used to make a material as hard as diamond. The nitride also behaves like an electrical insulator but conducts heat like a metal.
Boron also has lubricating properties similar to graphite. The hydrides are easily oxidized with considerable energy liberation, and have been studied for use as rocket fuels. Demand is increasing for boron filaments, a high-strength, lightweight material chiefly employed for advanced aerospace structures.
Boron is similar to carbon in that it has a capacity to form stable covalently bonded molecular networks. Carbonates, metalloboranes, phosphacarboranes, and other families comprise thousands of compounds.
Isotopes in Earth/Planetary Science
Molecules, atoms, and ions of the stable isotopes of boron possess slightly different physical and chemical properties, and they commonly will be fractionated during physical, chemical, and biological processes, giving rise to variations in isotopic abundances and in atomic weights. Natural terrestrial materials show a substantial variation in boron isotopic abundance (Fig. IUPAC.5.1). The relative abundances of 10B and 11B have been used in a variety of environmental tracer applications [51] A. Vengosh, K. G. Heumann, S. Jaraske, R. Kasher. Environ. Sci. Technol.28, 1968 (1994)., [52] A. Vengosh. Biol. Trace Elem. Res.66, 145 (1998).. The isotope-amount ratio n(11B)/n(10B) of boron in a water sample depends on the source of the water and region through which the water flows, and it may also be affected by some types of contamination, such as dissolved borate in domestic wastewater. Different water sources may have their own distinct boron isotopic composition, e.g. seawater versus water from continental sources (Fig. IUPAC.5.1).
Isotopes in Industry
The large value of the absorption cross section of 10B for thermal neutrons makes this isotope useful for counting neutrons. 10B is being studied as a potential replacement for 3He in radiation detectors [32] G. V. Jean. Advancing Hidden Nuclear Material Detection, National Defense Industrial Association (2014), Feb. 28; http://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/archive/2010/December/Pages/AdvancingHiddenNuclearMaterialDetection.aspx., [53] L. Foulke. Director of Nuclear Education Outreach, University of Pittsburgh. Introduction to Reactivity and Reactor Control, IAEA Workshop on Desktop Simulation (2014), Feb. 22; http://www.iaea.org/NuclearPower/Downloadable/Meetings/2011/2011-10-03-10-14-WS-NPTD/Foulke.1-Introduction.Reactivity.pdf., [54] P. Frame. Boron Trifluoride (BF3) Neutron Detectors, Oak Ridge Associated Universities (2014), Feb. 22; http://www.orau.org/PTP/collection/proportional%20counters/bf3info.htm.. The large thermal absorption cross section of 10B makes the isotope useful in control rods (Fig. IUPAC.5.2) [55] United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Pressurized Water Reactors, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (2014), Feb. 22; http://www.nrc.gov/reactors/pwrs.html..
Isotopes in Medicine
10B has a high thermal neutron absorption cross section and can readily absorb neutrons via the reaction 10B+n→ 7Li+α. The alpha particles resulting from this reaction carry away a relatively large kinetic energy and are useful for the treatment of malignant tumors in cancer patients [56] D. Gabel. Radiother Oncol.30, 199 (1994)., [57] D. N. Slatkin. Neutron News1, 25 (1990)., [58] R. F. Barth, J. A. Coderre, M. C. G. Vicente, T. E. Blue. Clin. Cancer Res.11, 3987 (2005)..
Boron commonly shows the +3 oxidation state, but its bonding is often better described by electron-deficient multicenter structures. Boric acid, H₃BO₃, is a weak Lewis acid in water and a precursor to many borates. Borax, Na₂B₄O₇·10H₂O, is a major industrial borate. Boron trioxide, B₂O₃, is a glass-forming oxide. Boron trifluoride, BF₃, is a strong Lewis acid used in synthesis, while diborane, B₂H₆, illustrates boron hydride cluster chemistry. Boron nitride, BN, occurs in graphite-like and diamond-like forms with useful thermal and mechanical properties.
See more information at the Boron compound page.
Elemental boron is not highly toxic in compact form, but fine powders can irritate eyes, skin, and the respiratory tract and may be combustible under some conditions. Soluble borates and boric acid, H₃BO₃, can be harmful at sufficient dose, especially with repeated or high exposure. Boron trifluoride, BF₃, and diborane, B₂H₆, are far more hazardous: the former is corrosive and toxic, and the latter is toxic and flammable. Neutron-absorbing ¹⁰B is stable and is not itself radioactive.
Elemental boron and the borates are not considered to be toxic, and they do not require special care in handling. However, some of the more exotic boron hydrogen compounds are definitely toxic and do require care.
Boron is a natural trace element in rocks, soils, seawater, geothermal waters, and evaporite deposits. Weathering releases borate species that are mobile in water, especially under neutral to alkaline conditions. It is an essential micronutrient for higher plants, but the margin between deficiency and toxicity can be narrow in sensitive crops. Natural and industrial sources include volcanic emissions, seawater aerosols, mining, glass manufacture, detergents, and irrigation return flows.
Boron is supplied almost entirely from borate minerals and boron-rich brines, not from mining elemental boron. Major commercial materials include borax, kernite, ulexite, and colemanite, which are refined into boric acid, H₃BO₃, borax, Na₂B₄O₇·10H₂O, and other borates. Demand is led by glass, fiberglass, ceramics, detergents, agriculture, and specialty chemical uses. High-purity elemental boron and isotopically enriched ¹⁰B are much smaller specialty markets, with enrichment adding significant cost. Recycling is limited because boron is often dispersed in glass, ceramics, or formulations.
The element is not found free in nature, but occurs as orthoboric acid usually found in certain volcanic spring waters and as borates in boron and colemantie.
Important sources of boron are ore rasorite (kernite) and tincal (borax ore). Both of these ores are found in the Mojave Desert. Tincal is the most important source of boron from the Mojave. Extensive borax deposits are also found in Turkey.
Boron exists naturally as 19.78% 10B isotope and 80.22% 11B isotope. High-purity crystalline boron may be prepared by the vapor phase reduction of boron trichloride or tribromide with hydrogen on electrically heated filaments. The impure or amorphous, boron, a brownish-black powder, can be obtained by heating the trioxide with magnesium powder.
Boron of 99.9999% purity has been produced and is available commercially. Elemental boron has an energy band gap of 1.50 to 1.56 eV, which is higher than that of either silicon or germanium.
Boron is rare in the universe compared with neighboring light elements. It is not made efficiently by ordinary stellar fusion and is readily destroyed at stellar interior temperatures. Most cosmic boron is attributed to spallation reactions in which cosmic rays fragment heavier nuclei such as carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen. In the Solar System it is concentrated mainly in crustal and evaporitic materials rather than metallic or volatile reservoirs.
- Natural boron is mainly a mixture of ¹⁰B and ¹¹B.
- The large neutron-capture cross section of ¹⁰B gives boron unusual nuclear importance for a light element.
- Many crystalline boron structures are based on B₁₂ icosahedra rather than simple close packing.
- Boron deficiency and boron toxicity can both occur in agriculture.
- Borosilicate glass resists thermal shock partly because boron lowers thermal expansion.
- Boron carbide, B₄C, is one of the hardest widely used ceramic materials.
图片
性质
物理性质
- 原子半径（经验值）
- 85 pm 比较所有元素的原子半径（经验值） →
- 共价半径
- 84 pm 比较所有元素的共价半径 →
- 范德华半径
- 192 pm 比较所有元素的范德华半径 →
- 金属半径
- 80 pm 比较所有元素的金属半径 →
- 密度
- 2370 kg/m³ 比较所有元素的密度 →
- 摩尔体积
- 0.0046 L/mol
- 标准温度和压力下的物相
- 固态 比较所有元素的标准温度和压力下的物相 →
- 熔点
- 2074.85 °C 比较所有元素的熔点 →
- 沸点
- 3999.85 °C 比较所有元素的沸点 →
- 热导率
- 27.4 W/(m·K) 比较所有元素的热导率 →
- 比热容
- 1.026 J/(g·K) 比较所有元素的比热容 →
- 摩尔热容
- 11.087 J/(mol·K) 比较所有元素的摩尔热容 →
- 晶体结构
- 四方 比较所有元素的晶体结构 →
化学性质
- 电负性（鲍林）
- 2.04 比较所有元素的电负性（鲍林） →
- 电负性（Allen）
- 2.051
- 电子亲和能
- 0.27972 eV
- 第一电离能
- 8.298019 eV 比较所有元素的第一电离能 →
- 第二电离能
- 25.154917 eV 比较所有元素的第二电离能 →
- 第三电离能
- 37.930721 eV 比较所有元素的第三电离能 →
- 第四电离能
- 259.375272 eV 比较所有元素的第四电离能 →
- 第五电离能
- 340.227194 eV 比较所有元素的第五电离能 →
- 氧化态
- −5, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3 比较所有元素的氧化态 →
- 价电子
- 3 比较所有元素的价电子 →
- 电子排布
- [He] 2s2 2p1
热力学性质
- 熔化热
- 0.52028813 eV 比较所有元素的熔化热 →
- 汽化热
- 4.974867 eV 比较所有元素的汽化热 →
- 升华热
- 5.855833 eV
- 原子化热
- 5.855833 eV
- 原子化焓
- 5.855833 eV
核性质
- 质子
- 5 比较所有元素的质子 →
- 中子
- 6 比较所有元素的中子 →
- 已知同位素
- 16 比较所有元素的已知同位素 →
- 稳定同位素
- 2 比较所有元素的稳定同位素 →
- 最稳定同位素
- B-11
- 发现年份
- 1808
丰度
- 丰度（地壳）
- 10 mg/kg 比较所有元素的丰度（地壳） →
- 丰度（海洋）
- 4.44 mg/L 比较所有元素的丰度（海洋） →
晶体结构
- 晶格常数a
- 873 pm
电子结构
- 各电子层电子数
- 2, 3 比较所有元素的各电子层电子数 →
标识符
- CAS登记号
- 7440-42-8 比较所有元素的CAS登记号 →
- 谱项符号
- 2P°1/2
- InChI
- InChI=1S/B
- InChI Key
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
电子排布 实测值
B: 2s² 2p¹[He] 2s² 2p¹1s² 2s² 2p¹原子模型
不同同位素的中子数、质量和稳定性不同，但中性原子的电子排布不变。
原子模型示意图，未按比例绘制。
原子指纹
发射 / 吸收光谱
同位素分布
| 质量数 | 原子质量（u） | 天然丰度 | 半衰期 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 稳定 | 10.01293695 ± 0.00000041 | 19.9000% | 稳定 |
| 11 稳定 | 11.00930536 ± 0.00000045 | 80.1000% | 稳定 |
物相 / 状态
原因: 低于熔点（2074.85 °C）2049.8 °C
示意图，未按比例绘制
相变点
相变能
在熔点熔化1 mol物质所需的能量
在沸点汽化1 mol物质所需的能量
在升华点升华1 mol物质所需的能量
密度
标准条件下
标准条件下
原子光谱
收录谱线 ?
| 离子 | 电荷 | 谱线总数 | 跃迁概率 | 能级标记 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| B I | 0 | 371 | 269 | 371 |
| 11B I 同位素 | 0 | 53 | 0 | 53 |
| 10B I 同位素 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 11 |
| B II | +1 | 592 | 435 | 592 |
| 10B II 同位素 | +1 | 9 | 0 | 9 |
| 11B II 同位素 | +1 | 9 | 0 | 9 |
| B III | +2 | 390 | 106 | 390 |
| B IV | +3 | 478 | 234 | 478 |
| B V | +4 | 258 | 240 | 258 |
收录能级 ?
| 离子 | 电荷 | 能级 |
|---|---|---|
| B I | 0 | 125 |
| 11B I 同位素 | 0 | 69 |
| 10B I 同位素 | 0 | 29 |
| B II | +1 | 157 |
| 10B II 同位素 | +1 | 10 |
| 11B II 同位素 | +1 | 10 |
| B III | +2 | 150 |
| B IV | +3 | 174 |
| B V | +4 | 101 |
离子半径
| 电荷 | 配位 | 自旋 | 半径 |
|---|---|---|---|
| +3 | 3 | 暂无 | 1 pm |
| +3 | 4 | 暂无 | 11 pm |
| +3 | 6 | 暂无 | 27 pm |
化合物
同位素 (2)
| 质量数 | 原子质量（u） | 天然丰度 | 半衰期 | 衰变方式 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10 稳定 | 10.01293695 ± 0.00000041 | 19.9000% ± 0.7000% | 稳定 | stable | |
| 11 稳定 | 11.00930536 ± 0.00000045 | 80.1000% ± 0.7000% | 稳定 | stable |
谱线
| 波长（nm） | 强度 | 电离级 | 类型 | 跃迁 | 准确度 | 来源 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 391.482 nm | 暂无 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.2p 1P* → 1s2.2p2 3P | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 391.687 nm | 暂无 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.2p 1P* → 1s2.2p2 3P | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 391.817 nm | 暂无 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.2p 1P* → 1s2.2p2 3P | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 394.447 nm | 暂无 | B II | emission | 1s2.2p.3d 3F* → 1s2.2p.4f 3F | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 394.587 nm | 暂无 | B II | emission | 1s2.2p.3d 3F* → 1s2.2p.4f 3F | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 394.82 nm | 暂无 | B II | emission | 1s2.2p.3d 3F* → 1s2.2p.4f 3F | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 395.038 nm | 18 | B II | emission | 1s2.2p.3d 1D* → 1s2.2p.4f 1F | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 395.1698 nm | 暂无 | B II | emission | 1s2.2p2 1D → 1s2.2p2 1S | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 399.024 nm | 70 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4p 1P* → 1s2.2s.8d 1D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 400.017 nm | 136 | B III | emission | 1s.2s.(3S).4d 4D → 1s.2s.(3S).5f 4F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 412.1928 nm | 暂无 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 3D → 1s2.2s.4f 3F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 412.1928 nm | 暂无 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 3D → 1s2.2s.4f 3F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 412.1928 nm | 暂无 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 3D → 1s2.2s.4f 3F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 412.1928 nm | 暂无 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 3D → 1s2.2s.4f 3F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 412.1928 nm | 暂无 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 3D → 1s2.2s.4f 3F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 412.1928 nm | 暂无 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 3D → 1s2.2s.4f 3F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 414.697 nm | 暂无 | B III | emission | 1s2.5d 2D → 1s2.8f 2F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 414.708 nm | 暂无 | B III | emission | 1s2.5d 2D → 1s2.8f 2F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 414.708 nm | 暂无 | B III | emission | 1s2.5d 2D → 1s2.8f 2F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 415.284 nm | 暂无 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4p 3P* → 1s2.2p.3p 3P | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 415.284 nm | 暂无 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4p 3P* → 1s2.2p.3p 3P | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 415.471 nm | 暂无 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4p 3P* → 1s2.2p.3p 3P | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 415.471 nm | 暂无 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4p 3P* → 1s2.2p.3p 3P | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 415.471 nm | 暂无 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4p 3P* → 1s2.2p.3p 3P | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 415.584 nm | 暂无 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4p 3P* → 1s2.2p.3p 3P | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 417.896 nm | 暂无 | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s.2p2 2P | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 417.927 nm | 暂无 | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s.2p2 2P | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 418.099 nm | 暂无 | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s.2p2 2P | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 418.13 nm | 暂无 | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s.2p2 2P | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 419.4792 nm | 180 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 1P* → 1s2.2s.4s 1S | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 419.773 nm | 30 | B IV | emission | 1s.5s 3S → 1s.6p 3P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 424.3 nm | 300 | B III | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.5d 2D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 424.359 nm | 暂无 | B III | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.5d 2D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 424.37 nm | 暂无 | B III | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.5d 2D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 427.274 nm | 50 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4s 3S → 1s2.2s.6p 3P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 429.571 nm | 50 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4p 1P* → 1s2.2s.7d 1D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 436.147 nm | 60 | B III | emission | 1s.2p.(3P*).4f 2F → 1s.2p.(3P*).5g 2G* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 436.61 nm | 100 | B III | emission | 1s.2p.(3P*).4f 4F → 1s.2p.(3P*).5g 4G* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 443.11 nm | 暂无 | B II | emission | 1s2.2p.3d 3D* → 1s2.2p.4f 3F | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 443.185 nm | 暂无 | B II | emission | 1s2.2p.3d 3D* → 1s2.2p.4f 3F | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 443.291 nm | 暂无 | B II | emission | 1s2.2p.3d 3D* → 1s2.2p.4f 3F | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 445.943 nm | 暂无 | B IV | emission | 1s.5p 3P* → 1s.6d 3D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 445.943 nm | 暂无 | B IV | emission | 1s.5p 3P* → 1s.6d 3D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 445.943 nm | 暂无 | B IV | emission | 1s.5p 3P* → 1s.6d 3D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 447.112 nm | 暂无 | B III | emission | 1s2.5s 2S → 1s2.7p 2P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 447.112 nm | 暂无 | B III | emission | 1s2.5s 2S → 1s2.7p 2P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 447.2029 nm | 暂无 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.4s 3S | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 447.2151 nm | 暂无 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.4s 3S | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 447.2862 nm | 470 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.4s 3S | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 448.692 nm | 暂无 | B III | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.5f 2F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 448.71 nm | 暂无 | B III | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.5f 2F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 449.09 nm | 20 | B IV | emission | 1s.2s 1S → 1s.2p 1P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 449.773 nm | 1700 | B III | emission | 1s2.4f 2F* → 1s2.5g 2G | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 449.853 nm | 暂无 | B III | emission | 1s2.4f 2F* → 1s2.5f 2F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 449.859 nm | 暂无 | B III | emission | 1s2.4f 2F* → 1s2.5f 2F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 450.481 nm | 暂无 | B III | emission | 1s2.4f 2F* → 1s2.5d 2D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 450.482 nm | 暂无 | B III | emission | 1s2.4f 2F* → 1s2.5d 2D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 451.9912773 nm | 暂无 | B V | emission | 7i 2I → 9k 2K* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 451.9946377 nm | 暂无 | B V | emission | 7i 2I → 9k 2K* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 453.229 nm | 暂无 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4f 1F* → 1s2.2p.3p 1D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 459.72 nm | 暂无 | B III | emission | 1s.2s.(3S).4d 4D → 1s.2s.(3S).5p 4P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 459.73 nm | 暂无 | B III | emission | 1s.2p.(3P*).4p 4P → 1s.2p.(3P*).5s 4P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 461.114 nm | 暂无 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4p 3P* → 1s2.2p.3p 3S | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 461.114 nm | 暂无 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4p 3P* → 1s2.2p.3p 3S | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 461.114 nm | 暂无 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4p 3P* → 1s2.2p.3p 3S | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 461.32 nm | 暂无 | B IV | emission | 1s.5d 3D → 1s.6p 1P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 463.217 nm | 暂无 | B III | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.5p 2P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 463.243 nm | 暂无 | B III | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.5p 2P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 463.263 nm | 暂无 | B III | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.5p 2P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 464.69 nm | 暂无 | B IV | emission | 1s.5d 3D → 1s.6f 1F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 464.69 nm | 暂无 | B IV | emission | 1s.5d 3D → 1s.6f 1F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 464.701 nm | 暂无 | B IV | emission | 1s.5d 3D → 1s.6f 3F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 464.701 nm | 暂无 | B IV | emission | 1s.5d 3D → 1s.6f 3F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 464.701 nm | 暂无 | B IV | emission | 1s.5d 3D → 1s.6f 3F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 464.701 nm | 暂无 | B IV | emission | 1s.5d 3D → 1s.6f 3F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 464.701 nm | 暂无 | B IV | emission | 1s.5d 3D → 1s.6f 3F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 464.701 nm | 暂无 | B IV | emission | 1s.5d 3D → 1s.6f 3F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 465.58 nm | 暂无 | B IV | emission | 1s.5d 1D → 1s.6f 1F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 465.786 nm | 暂无 | B IV | emission | 1s.5f 3F* → 1s.6g 3G | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 465.786 nm | 暂无 | B IV | emission | 1s.5f 3F* → 1s.6g 3G | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 465.786 nm | 暂无 | B IV | emission | 1s.5f 3F* → 1s.6g 3G | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 465.8 nm | 暂无 | B IV | emission | 1s.5f 1F* → 1s.6g 3G | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 465.815 nm | 暂无 | B IV | emission | 1s.5g 3G → 1s.6h 3H* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 465.815 nm | 暂无 | B IV | emission | 1s.5g 3G → 1s.6h 3H* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 465.815 nm | 暂无 | B IV | emission | 1s.5g 3G → 1s.6h 3H* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 465.815 nm | 暂无 | B IV | emission | 1s.5g 1G → 1s.6h 3H* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 465.92 nm | 暂无 | B IV | emission | 1s.5g 1G → 1s.6f 1F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 465.92 nm | 暂无 | B IV | emission | 1s.5g 3G → 1s.6f 1F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 465.92 nm | 暂无 | B IV | emission | 1s.5g 3G → 1s.6f 1F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 465.927 nm | 暂无 | B IV | emission | 1s.5g 3G → 1s.6f 3F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 465.927 nm | 暂无 | B IV | emission | 1s.5g 3G → 1s.6f 3F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 465.927 nm | 暂无 | B IV | emission | 1s.5g 3G → 1s.6f 3F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 465.927 nm | 暂无 | B IV | emission | 1s.5g 1G → 1s.6f 3F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 468.31 nm | 暂无 | B IV | emission | 1s.5p 1P* → 1s.6p 1P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 468.481 nm | 暂无 | B IV | emission | 1s.6g 3G → 1s.8h 3H* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 468.489 nm | 暂无 | B IV | emission | 1s.6f 3F* → 1s.8g 3G | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 468.489 nm | 暂无 | B IV | emission | 1s.6f 3F* → 1s.8g 3G | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 468.489 nm | 暂无 | B IV | emission | 1s.6f 3F* → 1s.8g 3G | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 468.5 nm | 暂无 | B IV | emission | 1s.6h 3H* → 1s.8i 3I | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 471.612 nm | 15 | B II | emission | 1s2.2p.3d 1D* → 1s2.2p.4p 1P | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 471.99 nm | 暂无 | B IV | emission | 1s.5p 1P* → 1s.6d 1D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 477.384 nm | 暂无 | B IV | emission | 1s.5d 3D → 1s.6p 3P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 477.384 nm | 暂无 | B IV | emission | 1s.5d 3D → 1s.6p 3P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 477.384 nm | 暂无 | B IV | emission | 1s.5d 3D → 1s.6p 3P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 478.42 nm | 暂无 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 3D → 1s2.2s.4p 3P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 478.42 nm | 暂无 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 3D → 1s2.2s.4p 3P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 478.4203 nm | 暂无 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 3D → 1s2.2s.4p 3P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 478.4203 nm | 暂无 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 3D → 1s2.2s.4p 3P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 478.4203 nm | 暂无 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 3D → 1s2.2s.4p 3P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 478.4203 nm | 暂无 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 3D → 1s2.2s.4p 3P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 481.276 nm | 暂无 | B IV | emission | 1s.5p 3P* → 1s.6s 3S | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 481.276 nm | 暂无 | B IV | emission | 1s.5p 3P* → 1s.6s 3S | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 481.276 nm | 暂无 | B IV | emission | 1s.5p 3P* → 1s.6s 3S | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 491.746 nm | 500 | B III | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.5s 2S | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 491.84 nm | 500 | B III | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.5s 2S | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 494.0365 nm | 440 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 1D → 1s2.2s.4f 1F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 494.4788284 nm | 暂无 | B V | emission | 6h 2H* → 7i 2I | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 494.4864305 nm | 暂无 | B V | emission | 6h 2H* → 7i 2I | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 498.848 nm | 暂无 | B III | emission | 1s2.5p 2P* → 1s2.7d 2D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 498.901 nm | 暂无 | B III | emission | 1s2.5p 2P* → 1s2.7d 2D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 512.579 nm | 暂无 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4d 3D → 1s2.2s.7f 3F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 512.579 nm | 暂无 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4d 3D → 1s2.2s.7f 3F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 512.579 nm | 暂无 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4d 3D → 1s2.2s.7f 3F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 515.776 nm | 暂无 | B III | emission | 1s2.5d 2D → 1s2.7f 2F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 515.793 nm | 暂无 | B III | emission | 1s2.5d 2D → 1s2.7f 2F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 516.57 nm | 暂无 | B III | emission | 1s2.5f 2F* → 1s2.7g 2G | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 516.579 nm | 暂无 | B III | emission | 1s2.5f 2F* → 1s2.7g 2G | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 522.65 nm | 暂无 | B III | emission | 1s2.5d 2D → 1s2.7p 2P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 522.65 nm | 暂无 | B III | emission | 1s2.5d 2D → 1s2.7p 2P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 522.667 nm | 暂无 | B III | emission | 1s2.5d 2D → 1s2.7p 2P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 526.311 nm | 暂无 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4f 3F* → 1s2.2s.7g 3G | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 526.311 nm | 暂无 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4f 3F* → 1s2.2s.7g 3G | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 526.311 nm | 暂无 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4f 3F* → 1s2.2s.7g 3G | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 529.28 nm | 暂无 | B III | emission | 1s2.5p 2P* → 1s2.7s 2S | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 529.34 nm | 暂无 | B III | emission | 1s2.5p 2P* → 1s2.7s 2S | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 534.765 nm | 15 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4s 1S → 1s2.2p.3s 1P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 539.322 nm | 30 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4p 1P* → 1s2.2p.3p 1P | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 550.4527 nm | 暂无 | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2D → 2s2.11f 2F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 550.4622 nm | 暂无 | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2D → 2s2.11f 2F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 556.3146 nm | 暂无 | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2D → 2s2.10f 2F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 556.3244 nm | 暂无 | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2D → 2s2.10f 2F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 563.30717 nm | 暂无 | B I | emission | 2s2.3s 2S → 2s2.4p 2P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 563.32732 nm | 暂无 | B I | emission | 2s2.3s 2S → 2s2.4p 2P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 564.4278 nm | 暂无 | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2D → 2s2.9f 2F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 564.4379 nm | 暂无 | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2D → 2s2.9f 2F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 576.1901 nm | 暂无 | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2D → 2s2.8f 2F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 576.1901 nm | 暂无 | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2D → 2s2.8f 2F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 576.2006 nm | 暂无 | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2D → 2s2.8f 2F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 578.747 nm | 暂无 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4s 3S → 1s2.2s.5p 3P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 578.747 nm | 暂无 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4s 3S → 1s2.2s.5p 3P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 578.747 nm | 暂无 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4s 3S → 1s2.2s.5p 3P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 581.833 nm | 60 | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2P → 2s.2p.(3P*).3d 2D* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 582.116 nm | 100 | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2P → 2s.2p.(3P*).3d 2D* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 582.228 nm | 10 | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2P → 2s.2p.(3P*).3d 2D* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 594.2619 nm | 暂无 | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2D → 2s2.7f 2F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 594.2619 nm | 暂无 | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2D → 2s2.7f 2F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 594.2731 nm | 暂无 | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2D → 2s2.7f 2F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 601.35 nm | 暂无 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4p 3P* → 1s2.2s.6s 3S | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 601.35 nm | 暂无 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4p 3P* → 1s2.2s.6s 3S | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 601.35 nm | 暂无 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4p 3P* → 1s2.2s.6s 3S | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 602.772 nm | 暂无 | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s2.8d 2D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 602.837 nm | 暂无 | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s2.8d 2D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 602.837 nm | 暂无 | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s2.8d 2D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 608.039 nm | 85 | B II | emission | 1s2.2p2 1S → 1s2.2s.3p 1P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 612.224 nm | 暂无 | B II | emission | 1s2.2p2 1S → 1s2.2s.3p 3P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 612.508 nm | 93 | B III | emission | 1s.2s.(3S).3s 4S → 1s.2s.(3S).3p 4P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 612.752 nm | 暂无 | B III | emission | 1s.2s.(3S).3s 4S → 1s.2s.(3S).3p 4P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 612.797 nm | 暂无 | B III | emission | 1s.2s.(3S).3s 4S → 1s.2s.(3S).3p 4P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 614.891 nm | 暂无 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4d 3D → 1s2.2s.6f 3F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 614.891 nm | 暂无 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4d 3D → 1s2.2s.6f 3F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 614.891 nm | 暂无 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4d 3D → 1s2.2s.6f 3F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 614.891 nm | 暂无 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4d 3D → 1s2.2s.6f 3F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 614.891 nm | 暂无 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4d 3D → 1s2.2s.6f 3F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 614.891 nm | 暂无 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4d 3D → 1s2.2s.6f 3F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 617.867 nm | 暂无 | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s2.8s 2S | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 617.936 nm | 暂无 | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s2.8s 2S | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 618.638 nm | 暂无 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4f 3F* → 1s2.2p.3p 3D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 618.638 nm | 暂无 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4f 3F* → 1s2.2p.3p 3D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 618.638 nm | 暂无 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4f 3F* → 1s2.2p.3p 3D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 619.359 nm | 暂无 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4f 3F* → 1s2.2p.3p 3D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 619.359 nm | 暂无 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4f 3F* → 1s2.2p.3p 3D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 619.735 nm | 暂无 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4f 3F* → 1s2.2p.3p 3D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 622.745 nm | 暂无 | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s2.7d 2D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 622.815 nm | 暂无 | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s2.7d 2D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 622.815 nm | 暂无 | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s2.7d 2D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 624.4557 nm | 暂无 | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2D → 2s2.6f 2F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 624.4557 nm | 暂无 | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2D → 2s2.6f 2F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 624.4681 nm | 暂无 | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2D → 2s2.6f 2F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 628.551 nm | 30 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 1D → 1s2.2s.4p 1P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 634.927 nm | 暂无 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4f 3F* → 1s2.2s.6g 3G | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 634.927 nm | 暂无 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4f 3F* → 1s2.2s.6g 3G | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 634.927 nm | 暂无 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4f 3F* → 1s2.2s.6g 3G | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 635.676 nm | 1 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4f 1F* → 1s2.2s.6g 1G | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 643.151 nm | 暂无 | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s2.7s 2S | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 643.225 nm | 暂无 | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s2.7s 2S | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 652.056 nm | 暂无 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4s 3S → 1s2.2p.3s 3P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 652.959 nm | 暂无 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4s 3S → 1s2.2p.3s 3P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 653.371 nm | 暂无 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4s 3S → 1s2.2p.3s 3P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 656.269 nm | 暂无 | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s2.6d 2D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 656.345 nm | 暂无 | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s2.6d 2D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 656.345 nm | 暂无 | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s2.6d 2D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 657.112 nm | 0.5 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.5p 1P* → 1s2.2p.3p 1D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 671.765 nm | 0.5 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4d 1D → 1s2.2s.6f 1F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 677.866 nm | 暂无 | B I | emission | 2s2.4p 2P* → 2s.2p2 2P | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 677.895 nm | 暂无 | B I | emission | 2s2.4p 2P* → 2s.2p2 2P | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 678.401 nm | 暂无 | B I | emission | 2s2.4p 2P* → 2s.2p2 2P | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 678.431 nm | 暂无 | B I | emission | 2s2.4p 2P* → 2s.2p2 2P | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 678.614 nm | 0.5 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4p 1P* → 1s2.2s.5d 1D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 681.95167 nm | 暂无 | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2D → 2s2.5f 2F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 681.95167 nm | 暂无 | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2D → 2s2.5f 2F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 681.96637 nm | 暂无 | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2D → 2s2.5f 2F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 697.688 nm | 暂无 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.3p 1P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 703.027 nm | 4 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.3p 3P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 703.203 nm | 3 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.3p 3P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 703.233 nm | 2 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.3p 3P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 715.955 nm | 暂无 | B II | emission | 1s2.2p.3s 3P* → 1s2.2p.3p 3P | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 716.016 nm | 暂无 | B II | emission | 1s2.2p.3s 3P* → 1s2.2p.3p 3P | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 716.511 nm | 暂无 | B II | emission | 1s2.2p.3s 3P* → 1s2.2p.3p 3P | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 716.846 nm | 暂无 | B II | emission | 1s2.2p.3s 3P* → 1s2.2p.3p 3P | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 717.045 nm | 暂无 | B II | emission | 1s2.2p.3s 3P* → 1s2.2p.3p 3P | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 717.602 nm | 暂无 | B II | emission | 1s2.2p.3s 3P* → 1s2.2p.3p 3P | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 720.593 nm | 暂无 | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s2.5d 2D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 720.685 nm | 暂无 | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s2.5d 2D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 720.685 nm | 暂无 | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s2.5d 2D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 720.766 nm | 暂无 | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s2.6s 2S | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 720.859 nm | 暂无 | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s2.6s 2S | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 722.85 nm | 暂无 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4s 1S → 1s2.2s.5p 1P* | 实测值 | NIST |
扩展性质
共价半径（扩展）
- 共价半径（Pyykkö）
- 85 pm
- 共价半径（Pyykkö，双键）
- 78 pm
- 共价半径（Pyykkö，三键）
- 73 pm
范德华半径
- Truhlar
- 192 pm
- Batsanov
- 180 pm
- Alvarez
- 191 pm
- UFF
- 408.3 pm
- MM3
- 215 pm
- Dreiding
- 402 pm
原子半径与金属半径
- 原子半径（Rahm）
- 205 pm
- 金属半径（C12）
- 98 pm
编号标度
- Mendeleev
- 81
- Pettifor
- 86
- Glawe
- 86
电负性标度
- Ghosh
- 0
- Miedema
- 5
- Gunnarsson–Lundqvist
- 4
- Robles–Bartolotti
- 4
极化率与色散
- 偶极极化率
- 20.5 a.u.
- 偶极极化率（不确定度）
- 0.1 a.u.
- C₆
- 99.5 Ha·Bohr6
- C₆ (Gould–Bučko)
- 99.2 Ha·Bohr6
Miedema参数
- Miedema摩尔体积
- 4.7 cm3/mol
- Miedema电子密度
- 5
供应风险与经济性
- 生产集中度
- 34
- 相对供应风险
- 5
- 政治稳定性（最大生产国）
- 12
- 政治稳定性（最大储量国）
- 12
相变与同素异形体
| 熔点 | 2350.15 K |
| 沸点 | 4273.15 K |
氧化态分类
高级参考数据
屏蔽常数 (3)
| n | 轨道 | σ |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | s | 0.3205 |
| 2 | p | 2.5786 |
| 2 | s | 2.4238 |
晶体半径详情 (3)
| 电荷 | CN | 自旋 | rcrystal (pm) | 来源 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3 | III | 15 | ||
| 3 | IV | 25 | ||
| 3 | VI | 41 | calculated, |
同位素衰变方式 (30)
| 同位素 | 模式 | 强度 |
|---|---|---|
| 6 | 2p | — |
| 7 | p | 100% |
| 8 | B+ | 100% |
| 8 | B+A | 100% |
| 9 | p | 100% |
| 12 | B- | 100% |
| 12 | B-A | 0.6% |
| 13 | B- | 100% |
| 13 | B-n | 0.3% |
| 14 | B- | 100% |
X射线散射因子 (502)
| 能量 (eV) | f₁ | f₂ |
|---|---|---|
| 10 | — | 1.48933 |
| 10.1617 | — | 1.48084 |
| 10.3261 | — | 1.4724 |
| 10.4931 | — | 1.46401 |
| 10.6628 | — | 1.45567 |
| 10.8353 | — | 1.44738 |
| 11.0106 | — | 1.43913 |
| 11.1886 | — | 1.43093 |
| 11.3696 | — | 1.42278 |
| 11.5535 | — | 1.41467 |
补充数据
Estimated Crustal Abundance
The estimated element abundance in the earth's crust.
1.0×101 milligrams per kilogram
参考文献 (1)
Estimated Oceanic Abundance
The estimated element abundance in the earth's oceans.
4.44 milligrams per liter
参考文献 (1)
Sources
Sources of this element.
The element is not found free in nature, but occurs as orthoboric acid usually found in certain volcanic spring waters and as borates in boron and colemantie.
Important sources of boron are ore rasorite (kernite) and tincal (borax ore). Both of these ores are found in the Mojave Desert. Tincal is the most important source of boron from the Mojave. Extensive borax deposits are also found in Turkey.
Boron exists naturally as 19.78% 10B isotope and 80.22% 11B isotope. High-purity crystalline boron may be prepared by the vapor phase reduction of boron trichloride or tribromide with hydrogen on electrically heated filaments. The impure or amorphous, boron, a brownish-black powder, can be obtained by heating the trioxide with magnesium powder.
Boron of 99.9999% purity has been produced and is available commercially. Elemental boron has an energy band gap of 1.50 to 1.56 eV, which is higher than that of either silicon or germanium.
参考文献 (1)
- [6] Boron https://periodic.lanl.gov/5.shtml
参考文献
(9)
Data deposited in or computed by PubChem
The half-life and atomic mass data was provided by the Atomic Mass Data Center at the International Atomic Energy Agency.
Element data are cited from the Atomic weights of the elements (an IUPAC Technical Report). The IUPAC periodic table of elements can be found at https://iupac.org/what-we-do/periodic-table-of-elements/. Additional information can be found within IUPAC publication doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0703 Copyright © 2020 International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.
The information are cited from Pure Appl. Chem. 2018; 90(12): 1833-2092, https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2015-0703.
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jefferson Lab) is one of 17 national laboratories funded by the U.S. Department of Energy. The lab's primary mission is to conduct basic research of the atom's nucleus using the lab's unique particle accelerator, known as the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF). For more information visit https://www.jlab.org/
The periodic table at the LANL (Los Alamos National Laboratory) contains basic element information together with the history, source, properties, use, handling and more. The provenance data may be found from the link under the source name.
The periodic table contains NIST's critically-evaluated data on atomic properties of the elements. The provenance data that include data for atomic spectroscopy, X-ray and gamma ray, radiation dosimetry, nuclear physics, and condensed matter physics may be found from the link under the source name. Ref: https://www.nist.gov/pml/atomic-spectra-database
This section provides all form of data related to element Boron.
The element property data was retrieved from publications.