Beryllium (Be)
alkaline-earth-metalSolid
प्रमाणित अणुभार
9.012183 uइलेक्ट्रॉन संरूपण
[He] 2s2द्रवणांक
1286.85 °Cउत्कलनांक
2470.85 °Cघनता
1850 kg/m³ऑक्सिडीकरण अवस्था
0, +1, +2विद्युतऋणता (पॉलिंग)
1.57आयनीकरण ऊर्जा (पहिली)
9.322699 eVशोधाचे वर्ष
1797अणुत्रिज्या
105 pmतपशील
Beryllium is a light alkaline earth metal with unusually high stiffness, low density, and a high melting point for its mass. Its chemistry is dominated by the +2 oxidation state, but the small Be²⁺ ion gives many compounds pronounced covalent character. The element is rare in accessible ores, chiefly obtained from beryl and bertrandite, and is technologically important where low mass, dimensional stability, and transparency to X-rays are valuable.
The metal, steel gray in color, has many desirable properties. As one of the lightest of all metals, it has one of the highest melting points of the light metals. Its modulus of elasticity is about one third greater than that of steel. It resists attack by concentrated nitric acid, has excellent thermal conductivity, and is nonmagnetic. It has a high permeability to X-rays and when bombarded by alpha particles, as from radium or polonium, neutrons are produced in the amount of about 30 neutrons/million alpha particles.
At ordinary temperatures, beryllium resists oxidation in air, although its ability to scratch glass is probably due to the formation of a thin layer of the oxide.
The name derives from the Greek word beryllos for "beryl", a gemstone in which it is found (3BeO×Al2O3×6SiO2).
Beryllium was discovered by the French chemist and pharmacist Nicholas-Louis Vauquelin in beryl and emerald in 1797. The element was first separated in 1828 by the French chemist Antoine-Alexandre-Brutus Bussy and independently by the German chemist Friedrich Wöhler. Because the salts of beryllium have a sweet taste, the element was also known as glucinium from the Greek glykys for "sweet", until IUPAC selected the name beryllium in 1949.
Although emeralds and beryl were known to ancient civilizations, they were first recognized as the same mineral (Be3Al2(SiO3)6) by Abbé Haüy in 1798. Later that year, Louis-Nicholas Vauquelin, a French chemist, discovered that an unknown element was present in emeralds and beryl. Attempts to isolate the new element finally succeeded in 1828 when two chemists, Friedrich Wölhler of Germany and A. Bussy of France, independently produced beryllium by reducing beryllium chloride (BeCl2) with potassium in a platinum crucible. Today, beryllium is primarily obtained from the minerals beryl (Be3Al2(SiO3)6) and bertrandite (4BeO·2SiO2·H2O) through a chemical process or through the electrolysis of a mixture of molten beryllium chloride (BeCl2) and sodium chloride (NaCl).
From the Greek word beryllos, beryl; also called glucinium or glucinum, Greek glykys, sweet. Discovered in the oxide form by Vauquelin in both beryl and emeralds in 1798. The metal was isolated in 1828 by Wohler and by Bussy independently by the action of potassium on beryllium chloride.
Pure beryllium is a hard, brittle, steel-gray metal with a metallic luster. It is solid at ordinary conditions and forms a thin, adherent oxide film that helps resist further oxidation in dry air. Powdered or freshly machined material is more reactive and presents greater handling risk.
Beryllium metal is used in specialized aerospace, defense, satellite, and scientific instruments where stiffness, low density, and thermal stability justify its cost and handling controls. Thin beryllium windows transmit X-rays and are used in X-ray tubes and detectors. Copper-beryllium alloys are important for springs, electrical contacts, non-sparking tools, and fatigue-resistant precision parts. Beryllium oxide ceramics are used as electrically insulating but thermally conductive materials in some electronic and microwave components.
Beryllium is relatively transparent to X-rays and is used to make windows for X-ray tubes. When exposed to alpha particles, such as those emitted by radium or polonium, beryllium emits neutrons and is used as a neutron source. Beryllium is also used as a moderator in nuclear reactors.
Beryllium is alloyed with copper (2% beryllium, 98% copper) to form a wear resistant material, known as beryllium bronze, used in gyroscopes and other devices where wear resistance is important. Beryllium is alloyed with nickel (2% beryllium, 98% nickel) to make springs, spot-welding electrodes and non-sparking tools. Other beryllium alloys are used in the windshield, brake disks and other structural components of the space shuttle.
Beryllium oxide (BeO), a compound of beryllium, is used in the nuclear industry and in ceramics.
Beryllium was once known as glucinum, which means sweet, since beryllium and many of its compounds have a sugary taste. Unfortunately for the chemists that discovered this particular property, beryllium and many of its compounds are poisonous and should never be tasted or ingested.
Beryllium is used as an alloying agent in producing beryllium copper, which is extensively used for springs, electrical contacts, spot-welding electrodes, and non-sparking tools. It is applied as a structural material for high-speed aircraft, missiles, spacecraft, and communication satellites. Other uses include windshield frame, brake discs, support beams, and other structural components of the space shuttle.
Because beryllium is relatively transparent to X-rays, ultra-thin Be-foil is finding use in X-ray lithography for reproduction of micro-miniature integrated circuits.
Beryllium is used in nuclear reactors as a reflector or moderator for it has a low thermal neutron absorption cross section.
It is used in gyroscopes, computer parts, and instruments where lightness, stiffness, and dimensional stability are required. The oxide has a very high melting point and is also used in nuclear work and ceramic applications.
Isotopes in Geochronology
Cosmogenic 10Be and 7Be isotopes are produced in the atmosphere, largely by cosmic-ray spallation of nitrogen and oxygen. Because of its relatively short half-life (7Be, half-life t1/2=53 d, compared to that of 10Be, half-life t1/2=1.39×106 a, where the unit symbol “d” stands for day and “a” stands for year), measurements of cosmogenic 7Be, and especially the isotope-amount ratio n(7Be)/n(10Be), have been used to study rates of atmospheric circulation, mixing, formation of aerosols (fine solids or liquids suspended in a gas; e.g. smoke and mist are aerosols), and particle deposition [44] C. E. Jordan, J. E. Dibb, R. C. Finkel. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos.108, (2003).. Cosmogenic atmospheric beryllium isotopes (7Be and 10Be) are deposited on the Earth’s surface, where they accumulate in soils, sediments, and snow while decaying away. Measurements of cosmogenic beryllium isotopes in such deposits are used to explore rates of soil formation, erosion, sedimentation, and snow accumulation on time scales ranging from months (7Be) to millions of years (10Be) [45] J. M. Kaste, S. A. Norton, C. T. Hess. Rev. Mineral. Geochem.50, 271 (2002)., [46] J. A. Graly, P. R. Bierman, L. J. Reusser, M. J. Pavich. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta.74, 6814 (2010).. The minerals in rocks at the Earth’s surface interact with cosmic rays and form substantial quantities of 10Be and 7Be, thus providing a tool to determine the ages of geologic processes. In some situations, it is possible to estimate “exposure ages” for rocks in eroding terrains [47] P. R. Bierman, M. W. Caffee, P. T. Davis, K. Marsella, M. Pavich, P. Colgan, D. Mickelson, J. Larsen. Rev. Mineral. Geochem.50, 147 (2002)., [48] P. Bierman, E. A. Zen, M. Pavich, L. Reusser. U.S. Geol. Surv. Circ.1264, 191 (2004)., [49] L. Reusser, P. Bierman, M. Pavich, J. Larsen, R. Finkel. Am. J. Sci.306, 69 (2006).. By comparing measured 10Be concentrations with estimated rates of in situ cosmogenic 10Be production, the rate of rock erosion and formation of canyons and other geologic features can be determined (Fig. IUPAC.4.1).
Anthropogenic 10Be was produced by nuclear bomb explosions largely through the reaction of fast neutrons (neutrons produced by nuclear fission having high kinetic energy) with 13C via the 13C (n, alpha) 10Be reaction in atmospheric CO2. Although the quantity of 10Be produced in this way is small, its presence above natural background concentrations in some environmental samples can potentially provide information about bomb-related processes and contamination [50] N. E. Whitehead, S. Endo, K. Tanaka, T. Takatsuji, M. Hoshi, S. Fukutani, R. G. Ditchburn, A. Zondervan. J. Environ. Radioact.99, 260 (2008)..
Beryllium most commonly forms Be²⁺ compounds, although their bonding is often strongly polarizing and partly covalent. Beryllium oxide (BeO) is a refractory ceramic with high thermal conductivity and electrical insulation. Beryllium hydroxide (Be(OH)₂) is amphoteric, dissolving in both acids and strong bases. Beryllium chloride (BeCl₂) is polymeric in the solid state and hydrolyzes readily. Natural beryllium occurs mainly in silicate minerals, especially beryl, with ideal formula Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈, and in bertrandite, Be₄Si₂O₇(OH)₂.
See more information at the Beryllium compound page.
Beryllium metal, dusts, fumes, and soluble compounds are highly toxic by inhalation. Occupational exposure can cause sensitization and chronic beryllium disease, a serious immune-mediated lung disorder. Machining, grinding, and high-temperature processing require strict dust and fume control. Solid finished articles are less hazardous if they are not abraded, heated, or otherwise made into respirable material.
Beryllium and its salts are toxic and should be handled with the greatest of care. Beryllium and its compounds should not be tasted to verify the sweetish nature of beryllium (as did early experimenters). The metal, its alloys, and its salts can be handled if certain work codes are observed, but no attempt should be made to work with beryllium before becoming familiar with proper safeguards.
Beryllium is a minor constituent of the continental crust and is concentrated by geological processes into uncommon silicate minerals. It has no known essential biological role. In soils and waters its mobility depends strongly on pH, mineral surfaces, and complexation; it is generally not abundant in natural waters. Environmental releases are mainly associated with mining, ore processing, combustion of some coals, and industrial handling of beryllium-containing materials.
Commercial beryllium supply is limited by the scarcity of workable deposits and by the need for controlled processing because of toxicity. Bertrandite ores in the United States and beryl from several regions have been important feedstocks. Extraction is chemically complex, and much demand is for high-value metal, copper-beryllium master alloys, and beryllium oxide ceramics rather than bulk structural metal. Recycling occurs from manufacturing scrap and selected end-of-life alloys, but health controls and material traceability are significant constraints. Substitution is often possible only with loss of stiffness, conductivity, X-ray transparency, or fatigue performance.
Beryllium is found in some 30 mineral species, the most important of which are bertrandite, beryl, chrysoberyl, and phenacite. Aquamarine and emerald are precious forms of beryl. Beryl and bertrandite are the most important commercial sources of the element and its compounds. Most of the metal is now prepared by reducing beryllium fluoride with magnesium metal. Beryllium metal did not become readily available to industry until 1957.
Beryllium is cosmically scarce because stable nuclei with mass numbers 5 and 8 are absent, limiting its production in ordinary stellar fusion chains. Most natural beryllium is thought to form by cosmic-ray spallation of heavier nuclei such as carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen in interstellar material. It is present in the Solar System only at low abundance compared with neighboring light elements.
- Beryllium has only one stable isotope, ⁹Be.
- Emerald and aquamarine are gem varieties of beryl colored by trace impurities, not by beryllium itself.
- Beryllium windows can pass X-rays while blocking visible light and air.
- Copper-beryllium tools are valued where sparking must be minimized.
- Beryllium oxide combines ceramic insulation with unusually high heat conduction.
प्रतिमा
गुणधर्म
भौतिक
- अणुत्रिज्या (अनुभवाधारित)
- 105 pm सर्व घटकांच्या अणुत्रिज्या (अनुभवाधारित) ची तुलना करा →
- सहसंयुजी त्रिज्या
- 96 pm सर्व घटकांच्या सहसंयुजी त्रिज्या ची तुलना करा →
- व्हॅन डर वाल्स त्रिज्या
- 153 pm सर्व घटकांच्या व्हॅन डर वाल्स त्रिज्या ची तुलना करा →
- धात्विक त्रिज्या
- 89 pm सर्व घटकांच्या धात्विक त्रिज्या ची तुलना करा →
- घनता
- 1850 kg/m³ सर्व घटकांच्या घनता ची तुलना करा →
- मोलर आयतन
- 0.005 L/mol
- STP येथे अवस्था
- घन सर्व घटकांच्या STP येथे अवस्था ची तुलना करा →
- द्रवणांक
- 1286.85 °C सर्व घटकांच्या द्रवणांक ची तुलना करा →
- उत्कलनांक
- 2470.85 °C सर्व घटकांच्या उत्कलनांक ची तुलना करा →
- उष्णता चालकता
- 201 W/(m·K) सर्व घटकांच्या उष्णता चालकता ची तुलना करा →
- विशिष्ट उष्माधारकता
- 1.825 J/(g·K) सर्व घटकांच्या विशिष्ट उष्माधारकता ची तुलना करा →
- मोलर उष्माधारकता
- 16.443 J/(mol·K) सर्व घटकांच्या मोलर उष्माधारकता ची तुलना करा →
- स्फटिक संरचना
- षट्कोणी निकट-संकुलित सर्व घटकांच्या स्फटिक संरचना ची तुलना करा →
रासायनिक
- विद्युतऋणता (पॉलिंग)
- 1.57 सर्व घटकांच्या विद्युतऋणता (पॉलिंग) ची तुलना करा →
- विद्युतऋणता (ॲलन)
- 1.576
- इलेक्ट्रॉन आसक्ती
- -0.52 eV (नकारात्मक मूल्य — अणूने अतिरिक्त इलेक्ट्रॉन बांधण्याचा अंदाज नाही)
- आयनीकरण ऊर्जा (पहिली)
- 9.322699 eV सर्व घटकांच्या आयनीकरण ऊर्जा (पहिली) ची तुलना करा →
- आयनीकरण ऊर्जा (दुसरी)
- 18.211213 eV सर्व घटकांच्या आयनीकरण ऊर्जा (दुसरी) ची तुलना करा →
- आयनीकरण ऊर्जा (तिसरी)
- 153.896735 eV सर्व घटकांच्या आयनीकरण ऊर्जा (तिसरी) ची तुलना करा →
- आयनीकरण ऊर्जा (चौथी)
- 217.719334 eV सर्व घटकांच्या आयनीकरण ऊर्जा (चौथी) ची तुलना करा →
- ऑक्सिडीकरण अवस्था
- 0, +1, +2 सर्व घटकांच्या ऑक्सिडीकरण अवस्था ची तुलना करा →
- संयुजा इलेक्ट्रॉन
- 2 सर्व घटकांच्या संयुजा इलेक्ट्रॉन ची तुलना करा →
- इलेक्ट्रॉन संरूपण
- [He] 2s2
उष्मागतिक
- क्रांतिक बिंदू (तापमान)
- 4932 °C
- द्रवण उष्मा
- 0.12644453 eV सर्व घटकांच्या द्रवण उष्मा ची तुलना करा →
- बाष्पीभवन उष्मा
- 3.078199 eV सर्व घटकांच्या बाष्पीभवन उष्मा ची तुलना करा →
- संप्लवन उष्मा
- 3.358035 eV
- अणूकरण उष्मा
- 3.358035 eV
- अणूकरण एन्थाल्पी
- 3.358035 eV
केंद्रकीय
- प्रोटॉन
- 4 सर्व घटकांच्या प्रोटॉन ची तुलना करा →
- न्यूट्रॉन
- 5 सर्व घटकांच्या न्यूट्रॉन ची तुलना करा →
- ज्ञात समस्थानिके
- 12 सर्व घटकांच्या ज्ञात समस्थानिके ची तुलना करा →
- स्थिर समस्थानिके
- 1 सर्व घटकांच्या स्थिर समस्थानिके ची तुलना करा →
- सर्वाधिक स्थिर समस्थानिक
- Be-9
- शोधाचे वर्ष
- 1797
विपुलता
- विपुलता (पृथ्वीचे कवच)
- 2.8 mg/kg सर्व घटकांच्या विपुलता (पृथ्वीचे कवच) ची तुलना करा →
- विपुलता (महासागर)
- 5.6 × 10−6 mg/L सर्व घटकांच्या विपुलता (महासागर) ची तुलना करा →
स्फटिक संरचना
- जालक स्थिरांक a
- 229 pm
इलेक्ट्रॉन संरचना
- प्रत्येक कवचातील इलेक्ट्रॉन
- 2, 2 सर्व घटकांच्या प्रत्येक कवचातील इलेक्ट्रॉन ची तुलना करा →
ओळखचिन्हे
- CAS क्रमांक
- 7440-41-7 सर्व घटकांच्या CAS क्रमांक ची तुलना करा →
- टर्म चिन्ह
- 1S0
- InChI
- InChI=1S/Be
- InChI की
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
इलेक्ट्रॉन संरूपण मोजलेले
Be: 2s²[He] 2s²1s² 2s²अणुप्रतिमान
समस्थानिकांमुळे न्यूट्रॉन संख्या, वस्तुमान आणि स्थैर्य बदलते — विद्युतदृष्ट्या उदासीन अणूचे इलेक्ट्रॉन संरूपण बदलत नाही.
योजनात्मक अणुप्रतिमान, प्रमाणानुसार नाही.
अणूची विशिष्ट ओळख
उत्सर्जन / शोषण वर्णपट
समस्थानिक वितरण
| वस्तुमानांक | अणुवस्तुमान (u) | नैसर्गिक विपुलता | अर्धायुष्य |
|---|---|---|---|
| 9 स्थिर | ९.०१२१८३०६५ ± ०.०००००००८२ | 100.0000% | स्थिर |
अवस्था / स्थिती
कारण: द्रवणांकापेक्षा (1286.85 °C) 1261.8 °C कमी
योजनात्मक, प्रमाणानुसार नाही
अवस्थांतर बिंदू
अवस्थांतर ऊर्जा
द्रवणांकावर 1 mol वितळवण्यासाठी आवश्यक ऊर्जा
उत्कलनांकावर 1 mol चे बाष्पीभवन करण्यासाठी आवश्यक ऊर्जा
संप्लवनांकावर 1 mol चे संप्लवन करण्यासाठी आवश्यक ऊर्जा
घनता
प्रमाणित परिस्थितीत
प्रमाणित परिस्थितीत
प्रगत
अणुवर्णपट
वर्णरेषांचा संग्रह ?
| आयन | विद्युतभार | एकूण वर्णरेषा | संक्रमण संभाव्यता | पातळ्यांची नामांकने |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Be I | 0 | 581 | 394 | 581 |
| Be II | +1 | 681 | 149 | 681 |
| Be III | +2 | 323 | 302 | 316 |
| Be IV | +3 | 142 | 142 | 142 |
ऊर्जा पातळ्यांचा संग्रह ?
| आयन | विद्युतभार | पातळ्या |
|---|---|---|
| Be I | 0 | 219 |
| Be II | +1 | 258 |
| Be III | +2 | 167 |
| Be IV | +3 | 149 |
आयनिक त्रिज्या
| विद्युतभार | समन्वय | प्रचक्रण | त्रिज्या |
|---|---|---|---|
| +2 | 3 | उपलब्ध नाही | 16 pm |
| +2 | 4 | उपलब्ध नाही | 27 pm |
| +2 | 6 | उपलब्ध नाही | 45 pm |
संयुगे
समस्थानिके (1)
| वस्तुमानांक | अणुवस्तुमान (u) | नैसर्गिक विपुलता | अर्धायुष्य | क्षय प्रकार | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9 स्थिर | ९.०१२१८३०६५ ± ०.०००००००८२ | 100.0000% | स्थिर | stable |
वर्णरेषा
| तरंगलांबी (nm) | तीव्रता | आयनीकरण टप्पा | प्रकार | संक्रमण | अचूकता | स्रोत | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 381.3453 nm | 22 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.2p 1P* → 1s2.2s.4d 1D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 385.17 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3p 4D → 1s.2p.4s 4P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 385.17 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3p 4D → 1s.2p.4s 4P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 385.17 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3p 4D → 1s.2p.4s 4P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 385.17 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3p 4D → 1s.2p.4s 4P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 385.17 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3p 4D → 1s.2p.4s 4P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 385.17 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3p 4D → 1s.2p.4s 4P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 385.17 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3p 4D → 1s.2p.4s 4P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 385.17 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3p 4D → 1s.2p.4s 4P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 386.513 nm | 3 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2p2 3P → 1s2.2p.3s 3P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 386.5427 nm | 5 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2p2 3P → 1s2.2p.3s 3P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 386.5517 nm | 1 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2p2 3P → 1s2.2p.3s 3P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 386.5725 nm | 2 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2p2 3P → 1s2.2p.3s 3P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 386.6022 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be I | emission | 1s2.2p2 3P → 1s2.2p.3s 3P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 386.6037 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be I | emission | 1s2.2p2 3P → 1s2.2p.3s 3P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 388.143 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be III | emission | 1s.4s 3S → 1s.5p 3P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 388.143 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be III | emission | 1s.4s 3S → 1s.5p 3P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 388.143 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be III | emission | 1s.4s 3S → 1s.5p 3P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 399.55 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.(3P*).3d 2D* → 1s.2p.(3P*).4f 2F | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 399.55 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.(3P*).3d 2D* → 1s.2p.(3P*).4f 2F | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 399.55 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.(3P*).3d 2D* → 1s.2p.(3P*).4f 2F | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 403.93 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4F* → 1s.2p.4f 4D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 403.93 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4F* → 1s.2p.4f 4D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 403.93 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4F* → 1s.2p.4f 4D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 403.93 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4F* → 1s.2p.4f 4D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 403.93 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4F* → 1s.2p.4f 4D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 403.93 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4F* → 1s.2p.4f 4D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 403.93 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4F* → 1s.2p.4f 4D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 403.93 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4F* → 1s.2p.4f 4D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 403.93 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4F* → 1s.2p.4f 4D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 416.63 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be III | emission | 1s.4s 1S → 1s.5p 1P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 419.97 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be III | emission | 1s.4s 1S → 1s.5d 1D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 424.41 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be III | emission | 1s.4p 3P* → 1s.5d 1D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 424.41 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be III | emission | 1s.4p 3P* → 1s.5d 1D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 424.906 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be III | emission | 1s.4p 3P* → 1s.5d 3D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 424.906 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be III | emission | 1s.4p 3P* → 1s.5d 3D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 424.906 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be III | emission | 1s.4p 3P* → 1s.5d 3D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 424.906 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be III | emission | 1s.4p 3P* → 1s.5d 3D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 424.906 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be III | emission | 1s.4p 3P* → 1s.5d 3D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 424.906 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be III | emission | 1s.4p 3P* → 1s.5d 3D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 425.2 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3p 4P* → 1s.2s.4s 4S | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 425.2 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3p 4P* → 1s.2s.4s 4S | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 425.2 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3p 4P* → 1s.2s.4s 4S | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 425.2987 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 3D → 1s2.2p.3s 3P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 425.2987 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 3D → 1s2.2p.3s 3P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 425.2987 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 3D → 1s2.2p.3s 3P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 425.3707 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 3D → 1s2.2p.3s 3P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 425.3707 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 3D → 1s2.2p.3s 3P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 425.4085 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 3D → 1s2.2p.3s 3P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 432.953 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2s.4f 4F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 432.953 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2s.4f 4F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 432.953 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2s.4f 4F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 432.953 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2s.4f 4F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 432.953 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2s.4f 4F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 432.953 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2s.4f 4F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 432.953 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2s.4f 4F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 432.953 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2s.4f 4F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 432.953 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2s.4f 4F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 433.302 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.10f 2F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 433.306 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.10f 2F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 433.306 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.10f 2F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 436.0665 nm | 810 | Be II | emission | 1s2.3p 2P* → 1s2.4d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 436.0986 nm | 960 | Be II | emission | 1s2.3p 2P* → 1s2.4d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 436.1032 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s2.3p 2P* → 1s2.4d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 437.112 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4D* → 1s.2p.4f 4F | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 437.112 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4D* → 1s.2p.4f 4F | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 437.112 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4D* → 1s.2p.4f 4F | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 437.112 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4D* → 1s.2p.4f 4F | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 437.112 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4D* → 1s.2p.4f 4F | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 437.112 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4D* → 1s.2p.4f 4F | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 437.112 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4D* → 1s.2p.4f 4F | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 437.112 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4D* → 1s.2p.4f 4F | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 437.112 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4D* → 1s.2p.4f 4F | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 440.393 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.9d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 440.408 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.9d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 440.408 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.9d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 440.7936 nm | 19 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.2p 1P* → 1s2.2s.4s 1S | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 445.828 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 1D → 1s.5p 1P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 446.786 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.9s 2S | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 446.802 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.9s 2S | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 447.669 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s2.4s 2S → 1s2.7p 2P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 447.672 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s2.4s 2S → 1s2.7p 2P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 448.651 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.5f 1F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 448.651 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.5f 1F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 448.651 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.5f 3F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 448.651 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.5f 3F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 448.651 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.5f 3F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 448.651 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.5f 3F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 448.651 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.5f 3F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 448.651 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.5f 3F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 449.54 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 1D → 1s.5f 1F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 449.54 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 1D → 1s.5f 3F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 449.54 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 1D → 1s.5f 3F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 449.96 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be III | emission | 1s.4f 1F* → 1s.5d 1D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 449.96 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be III | emission | 1s.4f 3F* → 1s.5d 1D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 450.511 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be III | emission | 1s.4f 1F* → 1s.5d 3D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 450.511 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be III | emission | 1s.4f 1F* → 1s.5d 3D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 450.511 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be III | emission | 1s.4f 3F* → 1s.5d 3D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 450.511 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be III | emission | 1s.4f 3F* → 1s.5d 3D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 450.511 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be III | emission | 1s.4f 3F* → 1s.5d 3D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 450.511 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be III | emission | 1s.4f 3F* → 1s.5d 3D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 450.511 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be III | emission | 1s.4f 3F* → 1s.5d 3D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 450.511 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be III | emission | 1s.4f 3F* → 1s.5d 3D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 452.6406 nm | 7 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.4p 1P* → 1s2.2p.3p 1P | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 453.543 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.9f 2F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 453.548 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.9f 2F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 453.548 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.9f 2F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 453.58 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be III | emission | 1s.4p 1P* → 1s.5p 1P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 454.06 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s2.4f 2F* → 1s2.9g 2G | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 454.062 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s2.4f 2F* → 1s2.9g 2G | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 454.062 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s2.4f 2F* → 1s2.9g 2G | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 454.788 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.9p 2P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 454.789 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.9p 2P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 454.793 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.9p 2P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 454.8055 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s2 1S → 1s2.2s.2p 3P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 454.85379 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s2 1S → 1s2.2s.2p 3P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 457.266603 nm | 30 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.2p 1P* → 1s2.2s.3d 1D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 457.55 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be III | emission | 1s.4p 1P* → 1s.5d 1D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 458.12 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be III | emission | 1s.4p 1P* → 1s.5d 3D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 459.61 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2s.4p 4P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 459.61 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2s.4p 4P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 459.61 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2s.4p 4P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 459.61 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2s.4p 4P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 459.61 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2s.4p 4P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 459.61 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2s.4p 4P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 459.61 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2s.4p 4P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 459.61 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2s.4p 4P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 461.05 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3p 4P → 1s.2p.4s 4P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 461.05 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3p 4P → 1s.2p.4s 4P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 461.05 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3p 4P → 1s.2p.4s 4P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 461.05 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3p 4P → 1s.2p.4s 4P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 461.05 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3p 4P → 1s.2p.4s 4P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 461.05 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3p 4P → 1s.2p.4s 4P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 461.05 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3p 4P → 1s.2p.4s 4P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 462.827 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.5p 3P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 462.827 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.5p 3P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 462.827 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.5p 3P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 462.827 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.5p 3P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 462.827 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.5p 3P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 462.827 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.5p 3P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 463.774 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 1D → 1s.5p 3P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 463.774 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 1D → 1s.5p 3P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 465.722198 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be IV | emission | 5p 2P* → 6d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 465.730484 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be IV | emission | 5s 2S → 6p 2P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 465.792545 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be IV | emission | 5p 2P* → 6s 2S | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 465.805836 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be IV | emission | 5s 2S → 6p 2P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 465.827127 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be IV | emission | 5d 2D → 6f 2F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 465.827302 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be IV | emission | 5p 2P* → 6d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 465.85207 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be IV | emission | 5d 2D → 6p 2P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 465.852419 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be IV | emission | 5p 2P* → 6d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 465.857919 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be IV | emission | 5f 2F* → 6g 2G | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 465.857973 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be IV | emission | 5d 2D → 6f 2F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 465.870408 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be IV | emission | 5f 2F* → 6d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 465.870532 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be IV | emission | 5d 2D → 6f 2F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 465.872059 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be IV | emission | 5g 2G → 6h 2H* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 465.872085 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be IV | emission | 5f 2F* → 6g 2G | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 465.879556 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be IV | emission | 5g 2G → 6f 2F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 465.879621 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be IV | emission | 5f 2F* → 6g 2G | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 465.8800567 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be IV | emission | 5g 2G → 6h 2H* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 465.8850804 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be IV | emission | 5g 2G → 6h 2H* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 465.892111 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be IV | emission | 5f 2F* → 6d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 465.892116 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be IV | emission | 5g 2G → 6f 2F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 465.892578 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be IV | emission | 5g 2G → 6f 2F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 465.89548 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be IV | emission | 5d 2D → 6p 2P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 465.89553 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be IV | emission | 5f 2F* → 6d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 465.9228055 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be IV | emission | 5p 2P* → 6s 2S | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 465.927462 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be IV | emission | 5d 2D → 6p 2P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 466.346 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be III | emission | 1s.4p 3P* → 1s.5s 3S | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 466.346 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be III | emission | 1s.4p 3P* → 1s.5s 3S | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 466.346 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be III | emission | 1s.4p 3P* → 1s.5s 3S | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 466.37 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4P* → 1s.2p.4f 4D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 466.37 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4P* → 1s.2p.4f 4D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 466.37 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4P* → 1s.2p.4f 4D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 466.37 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4P* → 1s.2p.4f 4D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 466.37 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4P* → 1s.2p.4f 4D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 466.37 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4P* → 1s.2p.4f 4D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 466.37 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4P* → 1s.2p.4f 4D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 466.37 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4P* → 1s.2p.4f 4D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 467.3332 nm | 1060 | Be II | emission | 1s2.3d 2D → 1s2.4f 2F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 467.342 nm | 1160 | Be II | emission | 1s2.3d 2D → 1s2.4f 2F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 467.345 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s2.3d 2D → 1s2.4f 2F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 470.234 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.8d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 470.252 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.8d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 470.252 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.8d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 470.9391 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.8p 3P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 470.9394 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.8p 3P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 470.9396 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.8p 3P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 480.759 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.8s 2S | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 480.777 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.8s 2S | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 482.799 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s2.3d 2D → 1s2.4p 2P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 482.812 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s2.3d 2D → 1s2.4p 2P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 482.818 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s2.3d 2D → 1s2.4p 2P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 484.9153 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.7p 3P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 484.9153 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.7p 3P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 484.9156 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.7p 3P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 485.233 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.8f 2F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 485.238 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.8f 2F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 485.238 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.8f 2F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 485.6045 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.2p 3P* → 1s2.2s.2p 1P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 485.61897 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.2p 3P* → 1s2.2s.2p 1P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 485.61897 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.2p 3P* → 1s2.2s.2p 1P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 485.6741 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.2p 3P* → 1s2.2s.2p 1P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 485.6741 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.2p 3P* → 1s2.2s.2p 1P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 485.82 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s2.4f 2F* → 1s2.8g 2G | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 485.823 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s2.4f 2F* → 1s2.8g 2G | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 485.823 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s2.4f 2F* → 1s2.8g 2G | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 508.7714 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.6p 3P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 508.7714 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.6p 3P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 508.7719 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.6p 3P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 515.2 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be III | emission | 1s.5d 1D → 1s.7p 1P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 515.778 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be III | emission | 1s.5d 3D → 1s.7f 3F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 515.778 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be III | emission | 1s.5d 3D → 1s.7f 3F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 515.778 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be III | emission | 1s.5d 3D → 1s.7f 3F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 515.778 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be III | emission | 1s.5d 3D → 1s.7f 3F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 515.778 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be III | emission | 1s.5d 3D → 1s.7f 3F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 515.778 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be III | emission | 1s.5d 3D → 1s.7f 3F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 516.51 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be III | emission | 1s.5d 1D → 1s.7f 3F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 516.51 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be III | emission | 1s.5d 1D → 1s.7f 3F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 521.8119 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.7d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 521.834 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.7d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 521.834 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.7d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 525.007 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 1S → 1s2.2s.9p 1P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 525.584 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s2.4s 2S → 1s2.6p 2P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 525.59 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s2.4s 2S → 1s2.6p 2P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 526.1527 nm | 5 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.5p 1P* → 1s2.2p.3p 1P | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 527.027 nm | 810 | Be II | emission | 1s2.3p 2P* → 1s2.4s 2S | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 527.0806 nm | 960 | Be II | emission | 1s2.3p 2P* → 1s2.4s 2S | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 536.552 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 1S → 1s2.2s.8p 1P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 540.299 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.7f 2F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 540.306 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.7f 2F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 540.306 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.7f 2F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 541.018 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s2.4f 2F* → 1s2.7g 2G | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 541.022 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s2.4f 2F* → 1s2.7g 2G | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 541.022 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s2.4f 2F* → 1s2.7g 2G | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 541.612 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.7s 2S | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 541.636 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.7s 2S | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 544.069 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.7p 2P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 544.073 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.7p 2P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 544.076 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.7p 2P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 554.648 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 1S → 1s2.2s.7p 1P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 555.881 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.5p 3P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 555.881 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.5p 3P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 555.881 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.5p 3P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 585.7012 nm | 3 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 1S → 1s2.2s.6p 1P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 593.771 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be I | emission | 1s2.2p2 1D → 1s2.2s.9p 1P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 608.58 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be I | emission | 1s2.2p2 1D → 1s2.2s.8p 1P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 608.6 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be I | emission | 1s2.2p2 1D → 1s2.2s.8p 3P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 614.2 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be III | emission | 1s.2s 1S → 1s.2p 1P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 622.9108 nm | 3 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2p2 1D → 1s2.2s.7f 1F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 627.9418 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.6d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 627.9737 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.6d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 627.9737 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.6d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 631.966 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be I | emission | 1s2.2p2 1D → 1s2.2s.7p 1P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 632.145 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be I | emission | 1s2.2p2 1D → 1s2.2s.7p 3P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 647.3536 nm | 7 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 1S → 1s2.2s.5p 1P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 654.784 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.6f 2F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 654.793 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.6f 2F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 654.794 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.6f 2F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 655.833 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s2.4f 2F* → 1s2.6g 2G | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 655.839 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s2.4f 2F* → 1s2.6g 2G | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 655.839 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s2.4f 2F* → 1s2.6g 2G | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 656.4519 nm | 9 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2p2 1D → 1s2.2s.6f 1F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 663.633 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.6p 2P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 663.644 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.6p 2P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 663.644 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.6p 2P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 671.15 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.9d 3D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 671.21 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.9d 3D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 671.23 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.9d 3D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 671.25 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.9d 3D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 671.25 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.9d 3D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 671.26 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.9d 3D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 672.598 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be I | emission | 1s2.2p2 1D → 1s2.2s.6p 1P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 675.675 nm | 10 | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.6s 2S | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 675.712 nm | 110 | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.6s 2S | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 678.656 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.4p 3P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 678.656 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.4p 3P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 678.656 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.4p 3P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 688.422 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.8d 3D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 688.422 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.8d 3D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 688.423 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.8d 3D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 688.44 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.8d 3D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 688.44 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.8d 3D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 688.444 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.8d 3D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 698.273 nm | 13 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.2p 1P* → 1s2.2p2 1D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 704.98 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.8s 3S | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 704.98 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.8s 3S | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 705 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.8s 3S | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 715.44 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.7d 3D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 715.44 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.7d 3D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 715.441 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.7d 3D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 715.459 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.7d 3D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 715.46 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.7d 3D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 715.465 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.7d 3D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 720.9132 nm | 13 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2p2 1D → 1s2.2s.5f 1F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 720.928 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be I | emission | 1s2.2p2 1D → 1s2.2s.5f 3F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 730.819 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 1P* → 1s2.2s.9d 1D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 740.1196 nm | 210 | Be II | emission | 1s2.4s 2S → 1s2.5p 2P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 740.1431 nm | 110 | Be II | emission | 1s2.4s 2S → 1s2.5p 2P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 743.44 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.7s 3S | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 743.44 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.7s 3S | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 743.46 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.7s 3S | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 744.887 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 1P* → 1s2.2s.9s 1S | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 749.842 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 1P* → 1s2.2s.8d 1D | मोजलेले | NIST |
विस्तारित गुणधर्म
सहसंयुजी त्रिज्या (विस्तारित)
- सहसंयुजी त्रिज्या (प्युक्को)
- 102 pm
- सहसंयुजी त्रिज्या (प्युक्को, दुहेरी बंध)
- 90 pm
- सहसंयुजी त्रिज्या (प्युक्को, तिहेरी बंध)
- 85 pm
- सहसंयुजी त्रिज्या (ब्रॅग)
- 115 pm
व्हॅन डर वाल्स त्रिज्या
- Truhlar
- 153 pm
- Batsanov
- 190 pm
- Alvarez
- 198 pm
- UFF
- 274.5 pm
- MM3
- 223 pm
अणुत्रिज्या आणि धात्विक त्रिज्या
- अणुत्रिज्या (राह्म)
- 219 pm
- धात्विक त्रिज्या (C12)
- 112 pm
क्रमांकन मापनपट्ट्या
- Mendeleev
- 75
- Pettifor
- 77
- Glawe
- 77
विद्युतऋणता मापनपट्ट्या
- Ghosh
- 0
- Miedema
- 5
- Gunnarsson–Lundqvist
- 4
- Robles–Bartolotti
- 4
ध्रुवणक्षमता आणि अपस्करण
- द्विध्रुव ध्रुवणक्षमता
- 37.74 a.u.
- द्विध्रुव ध्रुवणक्षमता (अनिश्चितता)
- 0.03 a.u.
- C₆
- 227 Ha·Bohr6
- C₆ (Gould–Bučko)
- 214 Ha·Bohr6
मिडेमा प्राचल
- मिडेमा मोलर आयतन
- 4.9 cm3/mol
- मिडेमा इलेक्ट्रॉन घनता
- 5
पुरवठा जोखीम आणि अर्थकारण
- उत्पादनाचे केंद्रीकरण
- 85
- सापेक्ष पुरवठा जोखीम
- 8
- राजकीय स्थैर्य (प्रमुख उत्पादक)
- 57
अवस्थांतरे आणि अपरूपे
| द्रवणांक | 1560.15 K |
| उत्कलनांक | 2741.15 K |
| क्रांतिक बिंदू (तापमान) | 5205.15 K |
ऑक्सिडीकरण अवस्थांचे वर्ग
प्रगत संदर्भ माहिती
परिरक्षण स्थिरांक (2)
| n | कक्षिका | σ |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | s | 0.3152 |
| 2 | s | 2.088 |
स्फटिक त्रिज्यांचा तपशील (3)
| विद्युतभार | CN | प्रचक्रण | rcrystal (pm) | उत्पत्ती |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | III | 30 | ||
| 2 | IV | 41 | ||
| 2 | VI | 59 | calculated, |
समस्थानिक क्षय प्रकार (19)
| समस्थानिक | मोड | तीव्रता |
|---|---|---|
| 5 | p | — |
| 6 | 2p | 100% |
| 7 | EC | 100% |
| 8 | A | 100% |
| 10 | B- | 100% |
| 11 | B- | 100% |
| 11 | B-A | 3.3% |
| 11 | B-p | 0% |
| 11 | B-n | — |
| 12 | B- | 100% |
क्ष-किरण प्रकीर्णन गुणक (724)
| ऊर्जा (eV) | f₁ | f₂ |
|---|---|---|
| 10 | — | 1.70333 |
| 10.1617 | — | 1.71802 |
| 10.3261 | — | 1.73284 |
| 10.4931 | — | 1.74778 |
| 10.6628 | — | 1.75737 |
| 10.8353 | — | 1.76678 |
| 11.0105 | — | 1.77624 |
| 11.1886 | — | 1.78574 |
| 11.3696 | — | 1.7953 |
| 11.5535 | — | 1.80306 |
अतिरिक्त माहिती
Estimated Crustal Abundance
The estimated element abundance in the earth's crust.
2.8 milligrams per kilogram
संदर्भ (1)
- [5] Beryllium https://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele004.html
Estimated Oceanic Abundance
The estimated element abundance in the earth's oceans.
5.6×10-6 milligrams per liter
संदर्भ (1)
- [5] Beryllium https://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele004.html
Sources
Sources of this element.
Beryllium is found in some 30 mineral species, the most important of which are bertrandite, beryl, chrysoberyl, and phenacite. Aquamarine and emerald are precious forms of beryl. Beryl and bertrandite are the most important commercial sources of the element and its compounds. Most of the metal is now prepared by reducing beryllium fluoride with magnesium metal. Beryllium metal did not become readily available to industry until 1957.
संदर्भ (1)
- [6] Beryllium https://periodic.lanl.gov/4.shtml
संदर्भ
(9)
Data deposited in or computed by PubChem
The half-life and atomic mass data was provided by the Atomic Mass Data Center at the International Atomic Energy Agency.
Element data are cited from the Atomic weights of the elements (an IUPAC Technical Report). The IUPAC periodic table of elements can be found at https://iupac.org/what-we-do/periodic-table-of-elements/. Additional information can be found within IUPAC publication doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0703 Copyright © 2020 International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.
The information are cited from Pure Appl. Chem. 2018; 90(12): 1833-2092, https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2015-0703.
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jefferson Lab) is one of 17 national laboratories funded by the U.S. Department of Energy. The lab's primary mission is to conduct basic research of the atom's nucleus using the lab's unique particle accelerator, known as the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF). For more information visit https://www.jlab.org/
The periodic table at the LANL (Los Alamos National Laboratory) contains basic element information together with the history, source, properties, use, handling and more. The provenance data may be found from the link under the source name.
The periodic table contains NIST's critically-evaluated data on atomic properties of the elements. The provenance data that include data for atomic spectroscopy, X-ray and gamma ray, radiation dosimetry, nuclear physics, and condensed matter physics may be found from the link under the source name. Ref: https://www.nist.gov/pml/atomic-spectra-database
This section provides all form of data related to element Beryllium.
The element property data was retrieved from publications.