Boron (B)
metalloidSolid
प्रमाणित अणुभार
10.81 u [१०.८०६, १०.८२१]इलेक्ट्रॉन संरूपण
[He] 2s2 2p1द्रवणांक
2074.85 °Cउत्कलनांक
3999.85 °Cघनता
2370 kg/m³ऑक्सिडीकरण अवस्था
−5, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3विद्युतऋणता (पॉलिंग)
2.04आयनीकरण ऊर्जा (पहिली)
8.298019 eVशोधाचे वर्ष
1808अणुत्रिज्या
85 pmतपशील
Boron is a light metalloid in group 13, notable for electron-deficient bonding and a rich cluster chemistry. It occurs naturally only in compounds, mainly as borates in evaporite minerals and brines. Elemental boron is difficult to prepare in high purity and has several allotropes built from B₁₂ icosahedra. Technologically, boron is most important through borate minerals, borosilicate glass, detergents, ceramics, fertilizers, and neutron-absorbing materials.
An element of group 13 of the periodic table. There are two allotropes, amorphous boron is a brown power, but metallic boron is black. The metallic form is hard (9.3 on Mohs' scale) and a bad conductor in room temperatures. It is never found free in nature. Boron-10 is used in nuclear reactor control rods and shields. It was discovered in 1808 by Sir Humphry Davy and by J.L. Gay-Lussac and L.J. Thenard.
The name derives from the Arabic buraq for "white". Although its compounds were known for thousands of years, it was not isolated until 1808 by the French chemists Louis-Joseph Gay-Lussac and Louis-Jacques Thenard.
Boron was discovered by Joseph-Louis Gay-Lussac and Louis-Jaques Thénard, French chemists, and independently by Sir Humphry Davy, an English chemist, in 1808. They all isolated boron by combining boric acid (H3BO3) with potassium. Today, boron is obtained by heating borax (Na2B4O7·10H2O) with carbon, although other methods are used if high-purity boron is required.
From the Arabic word Buraq, Persian Burah. Boron compounds have been known for thousands of years, but the element was not discovered until 1808 by Sir Humphry Davy and by Gay-Lussac and Thenard.
Pure boron is usually encountered as a dark brown to black, hard, brittle solid with a semiconducting character. Amorphous boron is a powder, while crystalline allotropes have a dark, lustrous appearance; their properties depend strongly on purity and structure.
Most boron use is in compounds rather than the free element. Borates are used in glass fiber insulation, borosilicate glass, enamels, ceramics, detergents, flame retardants, and micronutrient fertilizers. Boron carbide, B₄C, is used in armor, abrasives, and control rods because it is very hard and absorbs neutrons. Elemental boron is used in small amounts in specialty alloys, pyrotechnic compositions, and semiconductor work. The isotope ¹⁰B is important in neutron detection, reactor control, and boron neutron capture therapy research and applications.
Boron is used in pyrotechnics and flares to produce a green color. Boron has also been used in some rockets as an ignition source. Boron-10, one of the naturally occurring isotopes of boron, is a good absorber of neutrons and is used in the control rods of nuclear reactors, as a radiation shield and as a neutron detector. Boron filaments are used in the aerospace industry because of their high-strength and lightweight.
Boron forms several commercially important compounds. The most important boron compound is sodium borate pentahydrate (Na2B4O7·5H2O). Large amounts of this compound are used in the manufacture of fiberglass insulation and sodium perborate bleach. The second most important compound is boric acid (H3BO3), which is used to manufacture textile fiberglass and is used in cellulose insulation as a flame retardant. Sodium borate decahydrate (Na2B4O7·10H2O), better known as borax, is the third most important boron compound. Borax is used in laundry products and as a mild antiseptic. Borax is also a key ingredient in a substance known as Oobleck, a strange material 6th grade students experiment with while participating in Jefferson Lab's BEAMS program. Other boron compounds are used to make borosilicate glasses, enamels for covering steel and as a potential medicine for treating arthritis.
Amorphous boron is used in pyrotechnic flares to provide a distinctive green color, and in rockets as an igniter.
By far the most commercially important boron compound in terms of dollar sales is Na2B4O7 • 5H2O. This pentahydrate is used in very large quantities in the manufacture of insulation fiberglass and sodium perborate bleach.
Boric acid is also an important boron compound with major markets in textile products. Use of borax as a mild antiseptic is minor in economical terms. Boron compounds are also extensively used in the manufacture of borosilicate glasses. Other boron compounds show promise in treating arthritis.
The isotope boron-10 is used as a control for nuclear reactors, as a shield for nuclear radiation, and in instruments used for detecting neutrons. Boron nitride has remarkable properties and can be used to make a material as hard as diamond. The nitride also behaves like an electrical insulator but conducts heat like a metal.
Boron also has lubricating properties similar to graphite. The hydrides are easily oxidized with considerable energy liberation, and have been studied for use as rocket fuels. Demand is increasing for boron filaments, a high-strength, lightweight material chiefly employed for advanced aerospace structures.
Boron is similar to carbon in that it has a capacity to form stable covalently bonded molecular networks. Carbonates, metalloboranes, phosphacarboranes, and other families comprise thousands of compounds.
Isotopes in Earth/Planetary Science
Molecules, atoms, and ions of the stable isotopes of boron possess slightly different physical and chemical properties, and they commonly will be fractionated during physical, chemical, and biological processes, giving rise to variations in isotopic abundances and in atomic weights. Natural terrestrial materials show a substantial variation in boron isotopic abundance (Fig. IUPAC.5.1). The relative abundances of 10B and 11B have been used in a variety of environmental tracer applications [51] A. Vengosh, K. G. Heumann, S. Jaraske, R. Kasher. Environ. Sci. Technol.28, 1968 (1994)., [52] A. Vengosh. Biol. Trace Elem. Res.66, 145 (1998).. The isotope-amount ratio n(11B)/n(10B) of boron in a water sample depends on the source of the water and region through which the water flows, and it may also be affected by some types of contamination, such as dissolved borate in domestic wastewater. Different water sources may have their own distinct boron isotopic composition, e.g. seawater versus water from continental sources (Fig. IUPAC.5.1).
Isotopes in Industry
The large value of the absorption cross section of 10B for thermal neutrons makes this isotope useful for counting neutrons. 10B is being studied as a potential replacement for 3He in radiation detectors [32] G. V. Jean. Advancing Hidden Nuclear Material Detection, National Defense Industrial Association (2014), Feb. 28; http://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/archive/2010/December/Pages/AdvancingHiddenNuclearMaterialDetection.aspx., [53] L. Foulke. Director of Nuclear Education Outreach, University of Pittsburgh. Introduction to Reactivity and Reactor Control, IAEA Workshop on Desktop Simulation (2014), Feb. 22; http://www.iaea.org/NuclearPower/Downloadable/Meetings/2011/2011-10-03-10-14-WS-NPTD/Foulke.1-Introduction.Reactivity.pdf., [54] P. Frame. Boron Trifluoride (BF3) Neutron Detectors, Oak Ridge Associated Universities (2014), Feb. 22; http://www.orau.org/PTP/collection/proportional%20counters/bf3info.htm.. The large thermal absorption cross section of 10B makes the isotope useful in control rods (Fig. IUPAC.5.2) [55] United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Pressurized Water Reactors, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (2014), Feb. 22; http://www.nrc.gov/reactors/pwrs.html..
Isotopes in Medicine
10B has a high thermal neutron absorption cross section and can readily absorb neutrons via the reaction 10B+n→ 7Li+α. The alpha particles resulting from this reaction carry away a relatively large kinetic energy and are useful for the treatment of malignant tumors in cancer patients [56] D. Gabel. Radiother Oncol.30, 199 (1994)., [57] D. N. Slatkin. Neutron News1, 25 (1990)., [58] R. F. Barth, J. A. Coderre, M. C. G. Vicente, T. E. Blue. Clin. Cancer Res.11, 3987 (2005)..
Boron commonly shows the +3 oxidation state, but its bonding is often better described by electron-deficient multicenter structures. Boric acid, H₃BO₃, is a weak Lewis acid in water and a precursor to many borates. Borax, Na₂B₄O₇·10H₂O, is a major industrial borate. Boron trioxide, B₂O₃, is a glass-forming oxide. Boron trifluoride, BF₃, is a strong Lewis acid used in synthesis, while diborane, B₂H₆, illustrates boron hydride cluster chemistry. Boron nitride, BN, occurs in graphite-like and diamond-like forms with useful thermal and mechanical properties.
See more information at the Boron compound page.
Elemental boron is not highly toxic in compact form, but fine powders can irritate eyes, skin, and the respiratory tract and may be combustible under some conditions. Soluble borates and boric acid, H₃BO₃, can be harmful at sufficient dose, especially with repeated or high exposure. Boron trifluoride, BF₃, and diborane, B₂H₆, are far more hazardous: the former is corrosive and toxic, and the latter is toxic and flammable. Neutron-absorbing ¹⁰B is stable and is not itself radioactive.
Elemental boron and the borates are not considered to be toxic, and they do not require special care in handling. However, some of the more exotic boron hydrogen compounds are definitely toxic and do require care.
Boron is a natural trace element in rocks, soils, seawater, geothermal waters, and evaporite deposits. Weathering releases borate species that are mobile in water, especially under neutral to alkaline conditions. It is an essential micronutrient for higher plants, but the margin between deficiency and toxicity can be narrow in sensitive crops. Natural and industrial sources include volcanic emissions, seawater aerosols, mining, glass manufacture, detergents, and irrigation return flows.
Boron is supplied almost entirely from borate minerals and boron-rich brines, not from mining elemental boron. Major commercial materials include borax, kernite, ulexite, and colemanite, which are refined into boric acid, H₃BO₃, borax, Na₂B₄O₇·10H₂O, and other borates. Demand is led by glass, fiberglass, ceramics, detergents, agriculture, and specialty chemical uses. High-purity elemental boron and isotopically enriched ¹⁰B are much smaller specialty markets, with enrichment adding significant cost. Recycling is limited because boron is often dispersed in glass, ceramics, or formulations.
The element is not found free in nature, but occurs as orthoboric acid usually found in certain volcanic spring waters and as borates in boron and colemantie.
Important sources of boron are ore rasorite (kernite) and tincal (borax ore). Both of these ores are found in the Mojave Desert. Tincal is the most important source of boron from the Mojave. Extensive borax deposits are also found in Turkey.
Boron exists naturally as 19.78% 10B isotope and 80.22% 11B isotope. High-purity crystalline boron may be prepared by the vapor phase reduction of boron trichloride or tribromide with hydrogen on electrically heated filaments. The impure or amorphous, boron, a brownish-black powder, can be obtained by heating the trioxide with magnesium powder.
Boron of 99.9999% purity has been produced and is available commercially. Elemental boron has an energy band gap of 1.50 to 1.56 eV, which is higher than that of either silicon or germanium.
Boron is rare in the universe compared with neighboring light elements. It is not made efficiently by ordinary stellar fusion and is readily destroyed at stellar interior temperatures. Most cosmic boron is attributed to spallation reactions in which cosmic rays fragment heavier nuclei such as carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen. In the Solar System it is concentrated mainly in crustal and evaporitic materials rather than metallic or volatile reservoirs.
- Natural boron is mainly a mixture of ¹⁰B and ¹¹B.
- The large neutron-capture cross section of ¹⁰B gives boron unusual nuclear importance for a light element.
- Many crystalline boron structures are based on B₁₂ icosahedra rather than simple close packing.
- Boron deficiency and boron toxicity can both occur in agriculture.
- Borosilicate glass resists thermal shock partly because boron lowers thermal expansion.
- Boron carbide, B₄C, is one of the hardest widely used ceramic materials.
प्रतिमा
गुणधर्म
भौतिक
- अणुत्रिज्या (अनुभवाधारित)
- 85 pm सर्व घटकांच्या अणुत्रिज्या (अनुभवाधारित) ची तुलना करा →
- सहसंयुजी त्रिज्या
- 84 pm सर्व घटकांच्या सहसंयुजी त्रिज्या ची तुलना करा →
- व्हॅन डर वाल्स त्रिज्या
- 192 pm सर्व घटकांच्या व्हॅन डर वाल्स त्रिज्या ची तुलना करा →
- धात्विक त्रिज्या
- 80 pm सर्व घटकांच्या धात्विक त्रिज्या ची तुलना करा →
- घनता
- 2370 kg/m³ सर्व घटकांच्या घनता ची तुलना करा →
- मोलर आयतन
- 0.0046 L/mol
- STP येथे अवस्था
- घन सर्व घटकांच्या STP येथे अवस्था ची तुलना करा →
- द्रवणांक
- 2074.85 °C सर्व घटकांच्या द्रवणांक ची तुलना करा →
- उत्कलनांक
- 3999.85 °C सर्व घटकांच्या उत्कलनांक ची तुलना करा →
- उष्णता चालकता
- 27.4 W/(m·K) सर्व घटकांच्या उष्णता चालकता ची तुलना करा →
- विशिष्ट उष्माधारकता
- 1.026 J/(g·K) सर्व घटकांच्या विशिष्ट उष्माधारकता ची तुलना करा →
- मोलर उष्माधारकता
- 11.087 J/(mol·K) सर्व घटकांच्या मोलर उष्माधारकता ची तुलना करा →
- स्फटिक संरचना
- चतुष्कोणी सर्व घटकांच्या स्फटिक संरचना ची तुलना करा →
रासायनिक
- विद्युतऋणता (पॉलिंग)
- 2.04 सर्व घटकांच्या विद्युतऋणता (पॉलिंग) ची तुलना करा →
- विद्युतऋणता (ॲलन)
- 2.051
- इलेक्ट्रॉन आसक्ती
- 0.27972 eV
- आयनीकरण ऊर्जा (पहिली)
- 8.298019 eV सर्व घटकांच्या आयनीकरण ऊर्जा (पहिली) ची तुलना करा →
- आयनीकरण ऊर्जा (दुसरी)
- 25.154917 eV सर्व घटकांच्या आयनीकरण ऊर्जा (दुसरी) ची तुलना करा →
- आयनीकरण ऊर्जा (तिसरी)
- 37.930721 eV सर्व घटकांच्या आयनीकरण ऊर्जा (तिसरी) ची तुलना करा →
- आयनीकरण ऊर्जा (चौथी)
- 259.375272 eV सर्व घटकांच्या आयनीकरण ऊर्जा (चौथी) ची तुलना करा →
- आयनीकरण ऊर्जा (पाचवी)
- 340.227194 eV सर्व घटकांच्या आयनीकरण ऊर्जा (पाचवी) ची तुलना करा →
- ऑक्सिडीकरण अवस्था
- −5, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3 सर्व घटकांच्या ऑक्सिडीकरण अवस्था ची तुलना करा →
- संयुजा इलेक्ट्रॉन
- 3 सर्व घटकांच्या संयुजा इलेक्ट्रॉन ची तुलना करा →
- इलेक्ट्रॉन संरूपण
- [He] 2s2 2p1
उष्मागतिक
- द्रवण उष्मा
- 0.52028813 eV सर्व घटकांच्या द्रवण उष्मा ची तुलना करा →
- बाष्पीभवन उष्मा
- 4.974867 eV सर्व घटकांच्या बाष्पीभवन उष्मा ची तुलना करा →
- संप्लवन उष्मा
- 5.855833 eV
- अणूकरण उष्मा
- 5.855833 eV
- अणूकरण एन्थाल्पी
- 5.855833 eV
केंद्रकीय
- प्रोटॉन
- 5 सर्व घटकांच्या प्रोटॉन ची तुलना करा →
- न्यूट्रॉन
- 6 सर्व घटकांच्या न्यूट्रॉन ची तुलना करा →
- ज्ञात समस्थानिके
- 16 सर्व घटकांच्या ज्ञात समस्थानिके ची तुलना करा →
- स्थिर समस्थानिके
- 2 सर्व घटकांच्या स्थिर समस्थानिके ची तुलना करा →
- सर्वाधिक स्थिर समस्थानिक
- B-11
- शोधाचे वर्ष
- 1808
विपुलता
- विपुलता (पृथ्वीचे कवच)
- 10 mg/kg सर्व घटकांच्या विपुलता (पृथ्वीचे कवच) ची तुलना करा →
- विपुलता (महासागर)
- 4.44 mg/L सर्व घटकांच्या विपुलता (महासागर) ची तुलना करा →
स्फटिक संरचना
- जालक स्थिरांक a
- 873 pm
इलेक्ट्रॉन संरचना
- प्रत्येक कवचातील इलेक्ट्रॉन
- 2, 3 सर्व घटकांच्या प्रत्येक कवचातील इलेक्ट्रॉन ची तुलना करा →
ओळखचिन्हे
- CAS क्रमांक
- 7440-42-8 सर्व घटकांच्या CAS क्रमांक ची तुलना करा →
- टर्म चिन्ह
- 2P°1/2
- InChI
- InChI=1S/B
- InChI की
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
इलेक्ट्रॉन संरूपण मोजलेले
B: 2s² 2p¹[He] 2s² 2p¹1s² 2s² 2p¹अणुप्रतिमान
समस्थानिकांमुळे न्यूट्रॉन संख्या, वस्तुमान आणि स्थैर्य बदलते — विद्युतदृष्ट्या उदासीन अणूचे इलेक्ट्रॉन संरूपण बदलत नाही.
योजनात्मक अणुप्रतिमान, प्रमाणानुसार नाही.
अणूची विशिष्ट ओळख
उत्सर्जन / शोषण वर्णपट
समस्थानिक वितरण
| वस्तुमानांक | अणुवस्तुमान (u) | नैसर्गिक विपुलता | अर्धायुष्य |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 स्थिर | १०.०१२९३६९५ ± ०.००००००४१ | 19.9000% | स्थिर |
| 11 स्थिर | ११.००९३०५३६ ± ०.००००००४५ | 80.1000% | स्थिर |
अवस्था / स्थिती
कारण: द्रवणांकापेक्षा (2074.85 °C) 2049.8 °C कमी
योजनात्मक, प्रमाणानुसार नाही
अवस्थांतर बिंदू
अवस्थांतर ऊर्जा
द्रवणांकावर 1 mol वितळवण्यासाठी आवश्यक ऊर्जा
उत्कलनांकावर 1 mol चे बाष्पीभवन करण्यासाठी आवश्यक ऊर्जा
संप्लवनांकावर 1 mol चे संप्लवन करण्यासाठी आवश्यक ऊर्जा
घनता
प्रमाणित परिस्थितीत
प्रमाणित परिस्थितीत
अणुवर्णपट
वर्णरेषांचा संग्रह ?
| आयन | विद्युतभार | एकूण वर्णरेषा | संक्रमण संभाव्यता | पातळ्यांची नामांकने |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| B I | 0 | 371 | 269 | 371 |
| 11B I समस्थानिक | 0 | 53 | 0 | 53 |
| 10B I समस्थानिक | 0 | 11 | 0 | 11 |
| B II | +1 | 592 | 435 | 592 |
| 10B II समस्थानिक | +1 | 9 | 0 | 9 |
| 11B II समस्थानिक | +1 | 9 | 0 | 9 |
| B III | +2 | 390 | 106 | 390 |
| B IV | +3 | 478 | 234 | 478 |
| B V | +4 | 258 | 240 | 258 |
ऊर्जा पातळ्यांचा संग्रह ?
| आयन | विद्युतभार | पातळ्या |
|---|---|---|
| B I | 0 | 125 |
| 11B I समस्थानिक | 0 | 69 |
| 10B I समस्थानिक | 0 | 29 |
| B II | +1 | 157 |
| 10B II समस्थानिक | +1 | 10 |
| 11B II समस्थानिक | +1 | 10 |
| B III | +2 | 150 |
| B IV | +3 | 174 |
| B V | +4 | 101 |
आयनिक त्रिज्या
| विद्युतभार | समन्वय | प्रचक्रण | त्रिज्या |
|---|---|---|---|
| +3 | 3 | उपलब्ध नाही | 1 pm |
| +3 | 4 | उपलब्ध नाही | 11 pm |
| +3 | 6 | उपलब्ध नाही | 27 pm |
संयुगे
समस्थानिके (2)
| वस्तुमानांक | अणुवस्तुमान (u) | नैसर्गिक विपुलता | अर्धायुष्य | क्षय प्रकार | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10 स्थिर | १०.०१२९३६९५ ± ०.००००००४१ | 19.9000% ± 0.7000% | स्थिर | stable | |
| 11 स्थिर | ११.००९३०५३६ ± ०.००००००४५ | 80.1000% ± 0.7000% | स्थिर | stable |
वर्णरेषा
| तरंगलांबी (nm) | तीव्रता | आयनीकरण टप्पा | प्रकार | संक्रमण | अचूकता | स्रोत | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 391.482 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.2p 1P* → 1s2.2p2 3P | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 391.687 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.2p 1P* → 1s2.2p2 3P | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 391.817 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.2p 1P* → 1s2.2p2 3P | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 394.447 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B II | emission | 1s2.2p.3d 3F* → 1s2.2p.4f 3F | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 394.587 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B II | emission | 1s2.2p.3d 3F* → 1s2.2p.4f 3F | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 394.82 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B II | emission | 1s2.2p.3d 3F* → 1s2.2p.4f 3F | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 395.038 nm | 18 | B II | emission | 1s2.2p.3d 1D* → 1s2.2p.4f 1F | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 395.1698 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B II | emission | 1s2.2p2 1D → 1s2.2p2 1S | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 399.024 nm | 70 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4p 1P* → 1s2.2s.8d 1D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 400.017 nm | 136 | B III | emission | 1s.2s.(3S).4d 4D → 1s.2s.(3S).5f 4F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 412.1928 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 3D → 1s2.2s.4f 3F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 412.1928 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 3D → 1s2.2s.4f 3F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 412.1928 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 3D → 1s2.2s.4f 3F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 412.1928 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 3D → 1s2.2s.4f 3F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 412.1928 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 3D → 1s2.2s.4f 3F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 412.1928 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 3D → 1s2.2s.4f 3F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 414.697 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B III | emission | 1s2.5d 2D → 1s2.8f 2F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 414.708 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B III | emission | 1s2.5d 2D → 1s2.8f 2F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 414.708 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B III | emission | 1s2.5d 2D → 1s2.8f 2F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 415.284 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4p 3P* → 1s2.2p.3p 3P | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 415.284 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4p 3P* → 1s2.2p.3p 3P | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 415.471 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4p 3P* → 1s2.2p.3p 3P | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 415.471 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4p 3P* → 1s2.2p.3p 3P | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 415.471 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4p 3P* → 1s2.2p.3p 3P | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 415.584 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4p 3P* → 1s2.2p.3p 3P | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 417.896 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s.2p2 2P | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 417.927 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s.2p2 2P | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 418.099 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s.2p2 2P | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 418.13 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s.2p2 2P | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 419.4792 nm | 180 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 1P* → 1s2.2s.4s 1S | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 419.773 nm | 30 | B IV | emission | 1s.5s 3S → 1s.6p 3P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 424.3 nm | 300 | B III | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.5d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 424.359 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B III | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.5d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 424.37 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B III | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.5d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 427.274 nm | 50 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4s 3S → 1s2.2s.6p 3P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 429.571 nm | 50 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4p 1P* → 1s2.2s.7d 1D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 436.147 nm | 60 | B III | emission | 1s.2p.(3P*).4f 2F → 1s.2p.(3P*).5g 2G* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 436.61 nm | 100 | B III | emission | 1s.2p.(3P*).4f 4F → 1s.2p.(3P*).5g 4G* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 443.11 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B II | emission | 1s2.2p.3d 3D* → 1s2.2p.4f 3F | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 443.185 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B II | emission | 1s2.2p.3d 3D* → 1s2.2p.4f 3F | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 443.291 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B II | emission | 1s2.2p.3d 3D* → 1s2.2p.4f 3F | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 445.943 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B IV | emission | 1s.5p 3P* → 1s.6d 3D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 445.943 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B IV | emission | 1s.5p 3P* → 1s.6d 3D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 445.943 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B IV | emission | 1s.5p 3P* → 1s.6d 3D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 447.112 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B III | emission | 1s2.5s 2S → 1s2.7p 2P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 447.112 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B III | emission | 1s2.5s 2S → 1s2.7p 2P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 447.2029 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.4s 3S | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 447.2151 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.4s 3S | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 447.2862 nm | 470 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.4s 3S | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 448.692 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B III | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.5f 2F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 448.71 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B III | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.5f 2F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 449.09 nm | 20 | B IV | emission | 1s.2s 1S → 1s.2p 1P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 449.773 nm | 1700 | B III | emission | 1s2.4f 2F* → 1s2.5g 2G | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 449.853 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B III | emission | 1s2.4f 2F* → 1s2.5f 2F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 449.859 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B III | emission | 1s2.4f 2F* → 1s2.5f 2F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 450.481 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B III | emission | 1s2.4f 2F* → 1s2.5d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 450.482 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B III | emission | 1s2.4f 2F* → 1s2.5d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 451.9912773 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B V | emission | 7i 2I → 9k 2K* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 451.9946377 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B V | emission | 7i 2I → 9k 2K* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 453.229 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4f 1F* → 1s2.2p.3p 1D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 459.72 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B III | emission | 1s.2s.(3S).4d 4D → 1s.2s.(3S).5p 4P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 459.73 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B III | emission | 1s.2p.(3P*).4p 4P → 1s.2p.(3P*).5s 4P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 461.114 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4p 3P* → 1s2.2p.3p 3S | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 461.114 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4p 3P* → 1s2.2p.3p 3S | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 461.114 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4p 3P* → 1s2.2p.3p 3S | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 461.32 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B IV | emission | 1s.5d 3D → 1s.6p 1P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 463.217 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B III | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.5p 2P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 463.243 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B III | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.5p 2P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 463.263 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B III | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.5p 2P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 464.69 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B IV | emission | 1s.5d 3D → 1s.6f 1F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 464.69 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B IV | emission | 1s.5d 3D → 1s.6f 1F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 464.701 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B IV | emission | 1s.5d 3D → 1s.6f 3F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 464.701 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B IV | emission | 1s.5d 3D → 1s.6f 3F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 464.701 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B IV | emission | 1s.5d 3D → 1s.6f 3F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 464.701 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B IV | emission | 1s.5d 3D → 1s.6f 3F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 464.701 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B IV | emission | 1s.5d 3D → 1s.6f 3F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 464.701 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B IV | emission | 1s.5d 3D → 1s.6f 3F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 465.58 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B IV | emission | 1s.5d 1D → 1s.6f 1F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 465.786 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B IV | emission | 1s.5f 3F* → 1s.6g 3G | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 465.786 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B IV | emission | 1s.5f 3F* → 1s.6g 3G | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 465.786 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B IV | emission | 1s.5f 3F* → 1s.6g 3G | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 465.8 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B IV | emission | 1s.5f 1F* → 1s.6g 3G | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 465.815 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B IV | emission | 1s.5g 3G → 1s.6h 3H* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 465.815 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B IV | emission | 1s.5g 3G → 1s.6h 3H* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 465.815 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B IV | emission | 1s.5g 3G → 1s.6h 3H* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 465.815 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B IV | emission | 1s.5g 1G → 1s.6h 3H* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 465.92 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B IV | emission | 1s.5g 1G → 1s.6f 1F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 465.92 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B IV | emission | 1s.5g 3G → 1s.6f 1F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 465.92 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B IV | emission | 1s.5g 3G → 1s.6f 1F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 465.927 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B IV | emission | 1s.5g 3G → 1s.6f 3F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 465.927 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B IV | emission | 1s.5g 3G → 1s.6f 3F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 465.927 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B IV | emission | 1s.5g 3G → 1s.6f 3F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 465.927 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B IV | emission | 1s.5g 1G → 1s.6f 3F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 468.31 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B IV | emission | 1s.5p 1P* → 1s.6p 1P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 468.481 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B IV | emission | 1s.6g 3G → 1s.8h 3H* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 468.489 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B IV | emission | 1s.6f 3F* → 1s.8g 3G | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 468.489 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B IV | emission | 1s.6f 3F* → 1s.8g 3G | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 468.489 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B IV | emission | 1s.6f 3F* → 1s.8g 3G | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 468.5 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B IV | emission | 1s.6h 3H* → 1s.8i 3I | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 471.612 nm | 15 | B II | emission | 1s2.2p.3d 1D* → 1s2.2p.4p 1P | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 471.99 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B IV | emission | 1s.5p 1P* → 1s.6d 1D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 477.384 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B IV | emission | 1s.5d 3D → 1s.6p 3P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 477.384 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B IV | emission | 1s.5d 3D → 1s.6p 3P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 477.384 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B IV | emission | 1s.5d 3D → 1s.6p 3P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 478.42 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 3D → 1s2.2s.4p 3P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 478.42 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 3D → 1s2.2s.4p 3P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 478.4203 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 3D → 1s2.2s.4p 3P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 478.4203 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 3D → 1s2.2s.4p 3P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 478.4203 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 3D → 1s2.2s.4p 3P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 478.4203 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 3D → 1s2.2s.4p 3P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 481.276 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B IV | emission | 1s.5p 3P* → 1s.6s 3S | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 481.276 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B IV | emission | 1s.5p 3P* → 1s.6s 3S | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 481.276 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B IV | emission | 1s.5p 3P* → 1s.6s 3S | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 491.746 nm | 500 | B III | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.5s 2S | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 491.84 nm | 500 | B III | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.5s 2S | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 494.0365 nm | 440 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 1D → 1s2.2s.4f 1F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 494.4788284 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B V | emission | 6h 2H* → 7i 2I | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 494.4864305 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B V | emission | 6h 2H* → 7i 2I | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 498.848 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B III | emission | 1s2.5p 2P* → 1s2.7d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 498.901 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B III | emission | 1s2.5p 2P* → 1s2.7d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 512.579 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4d 3D → 1s2.2s.7f 3F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 512.579 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4d 3D → 1s2.2s.7f 3F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 512.579 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4d 3D → 1s2.2s.7f 3F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 515.776 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B III | emission | 1s2.5d 2D → 1s2.7f 2F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 515.793 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B III | emission | 1s2.5d 2D → 1s2.7f 2F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 516.57 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B III | emission | 1s2.5f 2F* → 1s2.7g 2G | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 516.579 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B III | emission | 1s2.5f 2F* → 1s2.7g 2G | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 522.65 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B III | emission | 1s2.5d 2D → 1s2.7p 2P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 522.65 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B III | emission | 1s2.5d 2D → 1s2.7p 2P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 522.667 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B III | emission | 1s2.5d 2D → 1s2.7p 2P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 526.311 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4f 3F* → 1s2.2s.7g 3G | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 526.311 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4f 3F* → 1s2.2s.7g 3G | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 526.311 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4f 3F* → 1s2.2s.7g 3G | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 529.28 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B III | emission | 1s2.5p 2P* → 1s2.7s 2S | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 529.34 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B III | emission | 1s2.5p 2P* → 1s2.7s 2S | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 534.765 nm | 15 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4s 1S → 1s2.2p.3s 1P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 539.322 nm | 30 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4p 1P* → 1s2.2p.3p 1P | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 550.4527 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2D → 2s2.11f 2F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 550.4622 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2D → 2s2.11f 2F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 556.3146 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2D → 2s2.10f 2F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 556.3244 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2D → 2s2.10f 2F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 563.30717 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B I | emission | 2s2.3s 2S → 2s2.4p 2P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 563.32732 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B I | emission | 2s2.3s 2S → 2s2.4p 2P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 564.4278 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2D → 2s2.9f 2F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 564.4379 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2D → 2s2.9f 2F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 576.1901 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2D → 2s2.8f 2F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 576.1901 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2D → 2s2.8f 2F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 576.2006 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2D → 2s2.8f 2F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 578.747 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4s 3S → 1s2.2s.5p 3P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 578.747 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4s 3S → 1s2.2s.5p 3P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 578.747 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4s 3S → 1s2.2s.5p 3P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 581.833 nm | 60 | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2P → 2s.2p.(3P*).3d 2D* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 582.116 nm | 100 | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2P → 2s.2p.(3P*).3d 2D* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 582.228 nm | 10 | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2P → 2s.2p.(3P*).3d 2D* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 594.2619 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2D → 2s2.7f 2F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 594.2619 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2D → 2s2.7f 2F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 594.2731 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2D → 2s2.7f 2F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 601.35 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4p 3P* → 1s2.2s.6s 3S | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 601.35 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4p 3P* → 1s2.2s.6s 3S | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 601.35 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4p 3P* → 1s2.2s.6s 3S | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 602.772 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s2.8d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 602.837 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s2.8d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 602.837 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s2.8d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 608.039 nm | 85 | B II | emission | 1s2.2p2 1S → 1s2.2s.3p 1P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 612.224 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B II | emission | 1s2.2p2 1S → 1s2.2s.3p 3P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 612.508 nm | 93 | B III | emission | 1s.2s.(3S).3s 4S → 1s.2s.(3S).3p 4P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 612.752 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B III | emission | 1s.2s.(3S).3s 4S → 1s.2s.(3S).3p 4P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 612.797 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B III | emission | 1s.2s.(3S).3s 4S → 1s.2s.(3S).3p 4P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 614.891 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4d 3D → 1s2.2s.6f 3F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 614.891 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4d 3D → 1s2.2s.6f 3F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 614.891 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4d 3D → 1s2.2s.6f 3F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 614.891 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4d 3D → 1s2.2s.6f 3F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 614.891 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4d 3D → 1s2.2s.6f 3F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 614.891 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4d 3D → 1s2.2s.6f 3F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 617.867 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s2.8s 2S | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 617.936 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s2.8s 2S | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 618.638 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4f 3F* → 1s2.2p.3p 3D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 618.638 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4f 3F* → 1s2.2p.3p 3D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 618.638 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4f 3F* → 1s2.2p.3p 3D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 619.359 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4f 3F* → 1s2.2p.3p 3D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 619.359 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4f 3F* → 1s2.2p.3p 3D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 619.735 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4f 3F* → 1s2.2p.3p 3D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 622.745 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s2.7d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 622.815 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s2.7d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 622.815 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s2.7d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 624.4557 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2D → 2s2.6f 2F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 624.4557 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2D → 2s2.6f 2F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 624.4681 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2D → 2s2.6f 2F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 628.551 nm | 30 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 1D → 1s2.2s.4p 1P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 634.927 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4f 3F* → 1s2.2s.6g 3G | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 634.927 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4f 3F* → 1s2.2s.6g 3G | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 634.927 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4f 3F* → 1s2.2s.6g 3G | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 635.676 nm | 1 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4f 1F* → 1s2.2s.6g 1G | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 643.151 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s2.7s 2S | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 643.225 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s2.7s 2S | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 652.056 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4s 3S → 1s2.2p.3s 3P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 652.959 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4s 3S → 1s2.2p.3s 3P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 653.371 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4s 3S → 1s2.2p.3s 3P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 656.269 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s2.6d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 656.345 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s2.6d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 656.345 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s2.6d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 657.112 nm | 0.5 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.5p 1P* → 1s2.2p.3p 1D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 671.765 nm | 0.5 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4d 1D → 1s2.2s.6f 1F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 677.866 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B I | emission | 2s2.4p 2P* → 2s.2p2 2P | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 677.895 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B I | emission | 2s2.4p 2P* → 2s.2p2 2P | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 678.401 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B I | emission | 2s2.4p 2P* → 2s.2p2 2P | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 678.431 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B I | emission | 2s2.4p 2P* → 2s.2p2 2P | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 678.614 nm | 0.5 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4p 1P* → 1s2.2s.5d 1D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 681.95167 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2D → 2s2.5f 2F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 681.95167 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2D → 2s2.5f 2F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 681.96637 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2D → 2s2.5f 2F* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 697.688 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.3p 1P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 703.027 nm | 4 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.3p 3P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 703.203 nm | 3 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.3p 3P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 703.233 nm | 2 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.3p 3P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 715.955 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B II | emission | 1s2.2p.3s 3P* → 1s2.2p.3p 3P | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 716.016 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B II | emission | 1s2.2p.3s 3P* → 1s2.2p.3p 3P | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 716.511 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B II | emission | 1s2.2p.3s 3P* → 1s2.2p.3p 3P | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 716.846 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B II | emission | 1s2.2p.3s 3P* → 1s2.2p.3p 3P | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 717.045 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B II | emission | 1s2.2p.3s 3P* → 1s2.2p.3p 3P | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 717.602 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B II | emission | 1s2.2p.3s 3P* → 1s2.2p.3p 3P | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 720.593 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s2.5d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 720.685 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s2.5d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 720.685 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s2.5d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 720.766 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s2.6s 2S | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 720.859 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s2.6s 2S | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 722.85 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4s 1S → 1s2.2s.5p 1P* | मोजलेले | NIST |
विस्तारित गुणधर्म
सहसंयुजी त्रिज्या (विस्तारित)
- सहसंयुजी त्रिज्या (प्युक्को)
- 85 pm
- सहसंयुजी त्रिज्या (प्युक्को, दुहेरी बंध)
- 78 pm
- सहसंयुजी त्रिज्या (प्युक्को, तिहेरी बंध)
- 73 pm
व्हॅन डर वाल्स त्रिज्या
- Truhlar
- 192 pm
- Batsanov
- 180 pm
- Alvarez
- 191 pm
- UFF
- 408.3 pm
- MM3
- 215 pm
- Dreiding
- 402 pm
अणुत्रिज्या आणि धात्विक त्रिज्या
- अणुत्रिज्या (राह्म)
- 205 pm
- धात्विक त्रिज्या (C12)
- 98 pm
क्रमांकन मापनपट्ट्या
- Mendeleev
- 81
- Pettifor
- 86
- Glawe
- 86
विद्युतऋणता मापनपट्ट्या
- Ghosh
- 0
- Miedema
- 5
- Gunnarsson–Lundqvist
- 4
- Robles–Bartolotti
- 4
ध्रुवणक्षमता आणि अपस्करण
- द्विध्रुव ध्रुवणक्षमता
- 20.5 a.u.
- द्विध्रुव ध्रुवणक्षमता (अनिश्चितता)
- 0.1 a.u.
- C₆
- 99.5 Ha·Bohr6
- C₆ (Gould–Bučko)
- 99.2 Ha·Bohr6
मिडेमा प्राचल
- मिडेमा मोलर आयतन
- 4.7 cm3/mol
- मिडेमा इलेक्ट्रॉन घनता
- 5
पुरवठा जोखीम आणि अर्थकारण
- उत्पादनाचे केंद्रीकरण
- 34
- सापेक्ष पुरवठा जोखीम
- 5
- राजकीय स्थैर्य (प्रमुख उत्पादक)
- 12
- राजकीय स्थैर्य (सर्वाधिक साठे असलेला देश)
- 12
अवस्थांतरे आणि अपरूपे
| द्रवणांक | 2350.15 K |
| उत्कलनांक | 4273.15 K |
ऑक्सिडीकरण अवस्थांचे वर्ग
प्रगत संदर्भ माहिती
परिरक्षण स्थिरांक (3)
| n | कक्षिका | σ |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | s | 0.3205 |
| 2 | p | 2.5786 |
| 2 | s | 2.4238 |
स्फटिक त्रिज्यांचा तपशील (3)
| विद्युतभार | CN | प्रचक्रण | rcrystal (pm) | उत्पत्ती |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3 | III | 15 | ||
| 3 | IV | 25 | ||
| 3 | VI | 41 | calculated, |
समस्थानिक क्षय प्रकार (30)
| समस्थानिक | मोड | तीव्रता |
|---|---|---|
| 6 | 2p | — |
| 7 | p | 100% |
| 8 | B+ | 100% |
| 8 | B+A | 100% |
| 9 | p | 100% |
| 12 | B- | 100% |
| 12 | B-A | 0.6% |
| 13 | B- | 100% |
| 13 | B-n | 0.3% |
| 14 | B- | 100% |
क्ष-किरण प्रकीर्णन गुणक (502)
| ऊर्जा (eV) | f₁ | f₂ |
|---|---|---|
| 10 | — | 1.48933 |
| 10.1617 | — | 1.48084 |
| 10.3261 | — | 1.4724 |
| 10.4931 | — | 1.46401 |
| 10.6628 | — | 1.45567 |
| 10.8353 | — | 1.44738 |
| 11.0106 | — | 1.43913 |
| 11.1886 | — | 1.43093 |
| 11.3696 | — | 1.42278 |
| 11.5535 | — | 1.41467 |
अतिरिक्त माहिती
Estimated Crustal Abundance
The estimated element abundance in the earth's crust.
1.0×101 milligrams per kilogram
संदर्भ (1)
Estimated Oceanic Abundance
The estimated element abundance in the earth's oceans.
4.44 milligrams per liter
संदर्भ (1)
Sources
Sources of this element.
The element is not found free in nature, but occurs as orthoboric acid usually found in certain volcanic spring waters and as borates in boron and colemantie.
Important sources of boron are ore rasorite (kernite) and tincal (borax ore). Both of these ores are found in the Mojave Desert. Tincal is the most important source of boron from the Mojave. Extensive borax deposits are also found in Turkey.
Boron exists naturally as 19.78% 10B isotope and 80.22% 11B isotope. High-purity crystalline boron may be prepared by the vapor phase reduction of boron trichloride or tribromide with hydrogen on electrically heated filaments. The impure or amorphous, boron, a brownish-black powder, can be obtained by heating the trioxide with magnesium powder.
Boron of 99.9999% purity has been produced and is available commercially. Elemental boron has an energy band gap of 1.50 to 1.56 eV, which is higher than that of either silicon or germanium.
संदर्भ (1)
- [6] Boron https://periodic.lanl.gov/5.shtml
संदर्भ
(9)
Data deposited in or computed by PubChem
The half-life and atomic mass data was provided by the Atomic Mass Data Center at the International Atomic Energy Agency.
Element data are cited from the Atomic weights of the elements (an IUPAC Technical Report). The IUPAC periodic table of elements can be found at https://iupac.org/what-we-do/periodic-table-of-elements/. Additional information can be found within IUPAC publication doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0703 Copyright © 2020 International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.
The information are cited from Pure Appl. Chem. 2018; 90(12): 1833-2092, https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2015-0703.
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jefferson Lab) is one of 17 national laboratories funded by the U.S. Department of Energy. The lab's primary mission is to conduct basic research of the atom's nucleus using the lab's unique particle accelerator, known as the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF). For more information visit https://www.jlab.org/
The periodic table at the LANL (Los Alamos National Laboratory) contains basic element information together with the history, source, properties, use, handling and more. The provenance data may be found from the link under the source name.
The periodic table contains NIST's critically-evaluated data on atomic properties of the elements. The provenance data that include data for atomic spectroscopy, X-ray and gamma ray, radiation dosimetry, nuclear physics, and condensed matter physics may be found from the link under the source name. Ref: https://www.nist.gov/pml/atomic-spectra-database
This section provides all form of data related to element Boron.
The element property data was retrieved from publications.