Beryllium (Be)
alkaline-earth-metalSolid
मानक परमाणु भार
9.012183 uइलेक्ट्रॉन विन्यास
[He] 2s2गलनांक
1286.85 °Cक्वथनांक
2470.85 °Cघनत्व
1850 kg/m³ऑक्सीकरण अवस्थाएँ
0, +1, +2विद्युतऋणात्मकता (पॉलिंग)
1.57आयनन ऊर्जा (प्रथम)
9.322699 eVखोज का वर्ष
1797परमाणु त्रिज्या
105 pmविवरण
Beryllium is a light alkaline earth metal with unusually high stiffness, low density, and a high melting point for its mass. Its chemistry is dominated by the +2 oxidation state, but the small Be²⁺ ion gives many compounds pronounced covalent character. The element is rare in accessible ores, chiefly obtained from beryl and bertrandite, and is technologically important where low mass, dimensional stability, and transparency to X-rays are valuable.
The metal, steel gray in color, has many desirable properties. As one of the lightest of all metals, it has one of the highest melting points of the light metals. Its modulus of elasticity is about one third greater than that of steel. It resists attack by concentrated nitric acid, has excellent thermal conductivity, and is nonmagnetic. It has a high permeability to X-rays and when bombarded by alpha particles, as from radium or polonium, neutrons are produced in the amount of about 30 neutrons/million alpha particles.
At ordinary temperatures, beryllium resists oxidation in air, although its ability to scratch glass is probably due to the formation of a thin layer of the oxide.
The name derives from the Greek word beryllos for "beryl", a gemstone in which it is found (3BeO×Al2O3×6SiO2).
Beryllium was discovered by the French chemist and pharmacist Nicholas-Louis Vauquelin in beryl and emerald in 1797. The element was first separated in 1828 by the French chemist Antoine-Alexandre-Brutus Bussy and independently by the German chemist Friedrich Wöhler. Because the salts of beryllium have a sweet taste, the element was also known as glucinium from the Greek glykys for "sweet", until IUPAC selected the name beryllium in 1949.
Although emeralds and beryl were known to ancient civilizations, they were first recognized as the same mineral (Be3Al2(SiO3)6) by Abbé Haüy in 1798. Later that year, Louis-Nicholas Vauquelin, a French chemist, discovered that an unknown element was present in emeralds and beryl. Attempts to isolate the new element finally succeeded in 1828 when two chemists, Friedrich Wölhler of Germany and A. Bussy of France, independently produced beryllium by reducing beryllium chloride (BeCl2) with potassium in a platinum crucible. Today, beryllium is primarily obtained from the minerals beryl (Be3Al2(SiO3)6) and bertrandite (4BeO·2SiO2·H2O) through a chemical process or through the electrolysis of a mixture of molten beryllium chloride (BeCl2) and sodium chloride (NaCl).
From the Greek word beryllos, beryl; also called glucinium or glucinum, Greek glykys, sweet. Discovered in the oxide form by Vauquelin in both beryl and emeralds in 1798. The metal was isolated in 1828 by Wohler and by Bussy independently by the action of potassium on beryllium chloride.
Pure beryllium is a hard, brittle, steel-gray metal with a metallic luster. It is solid at ordinary conditions and forms a thin, adherent oxide film that helps resist further oxidation in dry air. Powdered or freshly machined material is more reactive and presents greater handling risk.
Beryllium metal is used in specialized aerospace, defense, satellite, and scientific instruments where stiffness, low density, and thermal stability justify its cost and handling controls. Thin beryllium windows transmit X-rays and are used in X-ray tubes and detectors. Copper-beryllium alloys are important for springs, electrical contacts, non-sparking tools, and fatigue-resistant precision parts. Beryllium oxide ceramics are used as electrically insulating but thermally conductive materials in some electronic and microwave components.
Beryllium is relatively transparent to X-rays and is used to make windows for X-ray tubes. When exposed to alpha particles, such as those emitted by radium or polonium, beryllium emits neutrons and is used as a neutron source. Beryllium is also used as a moderator in nuclear reactors.
Beryllium is alloyed with copper (2% beryllium, 98% copper) to form a wear resistant material, known as beryllium bronze, used in gyroscopes and other devices where wear resistance is important. Beryllium is alloyed with nickel (2% beryllium, 98% nickel) to make springs, spot-welding electrodes and non-sparking tools. Other beryllium alloys are used in the windshield, brake disks and other structural components of the space shuttle.
Beryllium oxide (BeO), a compound of beryllium, is used in the nuclear industry and in ceramics.
Beryllium was once known as glucinum, which means sweet, since beryllium and many of its compounds have a sugary taste. Unfortunately for the chemists that discovered this particular property, beryllium and many of its compounds are poisonous and should never be tasted or ingested.
Beryllium is used as an alloying agent in producing beryllium copper, which is extensively used for springs, electrical contacts, spot-welding electrodes, and non-sparking tools. It is applied as a structural material for high-speed aircraft, missiles, spacecraft, and communication satellites. Other uses include windshield frame, brake discs, support beams, and other structural components of the space shuttle.
Because beryllium is relatively transparent to X-rays, ultra-thin Be-foil is finding use in X-ray lithography for reproduction of micro-miniature integrated circuits.
Beryllium is used in nuclear reactors as a reflector or moderator for it has a low thermal neutron absorption cross section.
It is used in gyroscopes, computer parts, and instruments where lightness, stiffness, and dimensional stability are required. The oxide has a very high melting point and is also used in nuclear work and ceramic applications.
Isotopes in Geochronology
Cosmogenic 10Be and 7Be isotopes are produced in the atmosphere, largely by cosmic-ray spallation of nitrogen and oxygen. Because of its relatively short half-life (7Be, half-life t1/2=53 d, compared to that of 10Be, half-life t1/2=1.39×106 a, where the unit symbol “d” stands for day and “a” stands for year), measurements of cosmogenic 7Be, and especially the isotope-amount ratio n(7Be)/n(10Be), have been used to study rates of atmospheric circulation, mixing, formation of aerosols (fine solids or liquids suspended in a gas; e.g. smoke and mist are aerosols), and particle deposition [44] C. E. Jordan, J. E. Dibb, R. C. Finkel. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos.108, (2003).. Cosmogenic atmospheric beryllium isotopes (7Be and 10Be) are deposited on the Earth’s surface, where they accumulate in soils, sediments, and snow while decaying away. Measurements of cosmogenic beryllium isotopes in such deposits are used to explore rates of soil formation, erosion, sedimentation, and snow accumulation on time scales ranging from months (7Be) to millions of years (10Be) [45] J. M. Kaste, S. A. Norton, C. T. Hess. Rev. Mineral. Geochem.50, 271 (2002)., [46] J. A. Graly, P. R. Bierman, L. J. Reusser, M. J. Pavich. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta.74, 6814 (2010).. The minerals in rocks at the Earth’s surface interact with cosmic rays and form substantial quantities of 10Be and 7Be, thus providing a tool to determine the ages of geologic processes. In some situations, it is possible to estimate “exposure ages” for rocks in eroding terrains [47] P. R. Bierman, M. W. Caffee, P. T. Davis, K. Marsella, M. Pavich, P. Colgan, D. Mickelson, J. Larsen. Rev. Mineral. Geochem.50, 147 (2002)., [48] P. Bierman, E. A. Zen, M. Pavich, L. Reusser. U.S. Geol. Surv. Circ.1264, 191 (2004)., [49] L. Reusser, P. Bierman, M. Pavich, J. Larsen, R. Finkel. Am. J. Sci.306, 69 (2006).. By comparing measured 10Be concentrations with estimated rates of in situ cosmogenic 10Be production, the rate of rock erosion and formation of canyons and other geologic features can be determined (Fig. IUPAC.4.1).
Anthropogenic 10Be was produced by nuclear bomb explosions largely through the reaction of fast neutrons (neutrons produced by nuclear fission having high kinetic energy) with 13C via the 13C (n, alpha) 10Be reaction in atmospheric CO2. Although the quantity of 10Be produced in this way is small, its presence above natural background concentrations in some environmental samples can potentially provide information about bomb-related processes and contamination [50] N. E. Whitehead, S. Endo, K. Tanaka, T. Takatsuji, M. Hoshi, S. Fukutani, R. G. Ditchburn, A. Zondervan. J. Environ. Radioact.99, 260 (2008)..
Beryllium most commonly forms Be²⁺ compounds, although their bonding is often strongly polarizing and partly covalent. Beryllium oxide (BeO) is a refractory ceramic with high thermal conductivity and electrical insulation. Beryllium hydroxide (Be(OH)₂) is amphoteric, dissolving in both acids and strong bases. Beryllium chloride (BeCl₂) is polymeric in the solid state and hydrolyzes readily. Natural beryllium occurs mainly in silicate minerals, especially beryl, with ideal formula Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈, and in bertrandite, Be₄Si₂O₇(OH)₂.
See more information at the Beryllium compound page.
Beryllium metal, dusts, fumes, and soluble compounds are highly toxic by inhalation. Occupational exposure can cause sensitization and chronic beryllium disease, a serious immune-mediated lung disorder. Machining, grinding, and high-temperature processing require strict dust and fume control. Solid finished articles are less hazardous if they are not abraded, heated, or otherwise made into respirable material.
Beryllium and its salts are toxic and should be handled with the greatest of care. Beryllium and its compounds should not be tasted to verify the sweetish nature of beryllium (as did early experimenters). The metal, its alloys, and its salts can be handled if certain work codes are observed, but no attempt should be made to work with beryllium before becoming familiar with proper safeguards.
Beryllium is a minor constituent of the continental crust and is concentrated by geological processes into uncommon silicate minerals. It has no known essential biological role. In soils and waters its mobility depends strongly on pH, mineral surfaces, and complexation; it is generally not abundant in natural waters. Environmental releases are mainly associated with mining, ore processing, combustion of some coals, and industrial handling of beryllium-containing materials.
Commercial beryllium supply is limited by the scarcity of workable deposits and by the need for controlled processing because of toxicity. Bertrandite ores in the United States and beryl from several regions have been important feedstocks. Extraction is chemically complex, and much demand is for high-value metal, copper-beryllium master alloys, and beryllium oxide ceramics rather than bulk structural metal. Recycling occurs from manufacturing scrap and selected end-of-life alloys, but health controls and material traceability are significant constraints. Substitution is often possible only with loss of stiffness, conductivity, X-ray transparency, or fatigue performance.
Beryllium is found in some 30 mineral species, the most important of which are bertrandite, beryl, chrysoberyl, and phenacite. Aquamarine and emerald are precious forms of beryl. Beryl and bertrandite are the most important commercial sources of the element and its compounds. Most of the metal is now prepared by reducing beryllium fluoride with magnesium metal. Beryllium metal did not become readily available to industry until 1957.
Beryllium is cosmically scarce because stable nuclei with mass numbers 5 and 8 are absent, limiting its production in ordinary stellar fusion chains. Most natural beryllium is thought to form by cosmic-ray spallation of heavier nuclei such as carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen in interstellar material. It is present in the Solar System only at low abundance compared with neighboring light elements.
- Beryllium has only one stable isotope, ⁹Be.
- Emerald and aquamarine are gem varieties of beryl colored by trace impurities, not by beryllium itself.
- Beryllium windows can pass X-rays while blocking visible light and air.
- Copper-beryllium tools are valued where sparking must be minimized.
- Beryllium oxide combines ceramic insulation with unusually high heat conduction.
चित्र
गुण
भौतिक
- परमाणु त्रिज्या (आनुभविक)
- 105 pm सभी तत्वों की परमाणु त्रिज्या (आनुभविक) की तुलना करें →
- सहसंयोजक त्रिज्या
- 96 pm सभी तत्वों की सहसंयोजक त्रिज्या की तुलना करें →
- वान डर वाल्स त्रिज्या
- 153 pm सभी तत्वों की वान डर वाल्स त्रिज्या की तुलना करें →
- धात्विक त्रिज्या
- 89 pm सभी तत्वों की धात्विक त्रिज्या की तुलना करें →
- घनत्व
- 1850 kg/m³ सभी तत्वों की घनत्व की तुलना करें →
- मोलर आयतन
- 0.005 L/mol
- STP पर प्रावस्था
- ठोस सभी तत्वों की STP पर प्रावस्था की तुलना करें →
- गलनांक
- 1286.85 °C सभी तत्वों की गलनांक की तुलना करें →
- क्वथनांक
- 2470.85 °C सभी तत्वों की क्वथनांक की तुलना करें →
- तापीय चालकता
- 201 W/(m·K) सभी तत्वों की तापीय चालकता की तुलना करें →
- विशिष्ट ऊष्मा धारिता
- 1.825 J/(g·K) सभी तत्वों की विशिष्ट ऊष्मा धारिता की तुलना करें →
- मोलर ऊष्मा धारिता
- 16.443 J/(mol·K) सभी तत्वों की मोलर ऊष्मा धारिता की तुलना करें →
- क्रिस्टल संरचना
- षट्कोणीय सघन संकुलित सभी तत्वों की क्रिस्टल संरचना की तुलना करें →
रासायनिक
- विद्युतऋणात्मकता (पॉलिंग)
- 1.57 सभी तत्वों की विद्युतऋणात्मकता (पॉलिंग) की तुलना करें →
- विद्युतऋणात्मकता (ऐलन)
- 1.576
- इलेक्ट्रॉन बंधुता
- -0.52 eV (ऋणात्मक मान — परमाणु द्वारा अतिरिक्त इलेक्ट्रॉन बांधने की भविष्यवाणी नहीं)
- आयनन ऊर्जा (प्रथम)
- 9.322699 eV सभी तत्वों की आयनन ऊर्जा (प्रथम) की तुलना करें →
- आयनन ऊर्जा (द्वितीय)
- 18.211213 eV सभी तत्वों की आयनन ऊर्जा (द्वितीय) की तुलना करें →
- आयनन ऊर्जा (तृतीय)
- 153.896735 eV सभी तत्वों की आयनन ऊर्जा (तृतीय) की तुलना करें →
- आयनन ऊर्जा (चतुर्थ)
- 217.719334 eV सभी तत्वों की आयनन ऊर्जा (चतुर्थ) की तुलना करें →
- ऑक्सीकरण अवस्थाएँ
- 0, +1, +2 सभी तत्वों की ऑक्सीकरण अवस्थाएँ की तुलना करें →
- संयोजकता इलेक्ट्रॉन
- 2 सभी तत्वों की संयोजकता इलेक्ट्रॉन की तुलना करें →
- इलेक्ट्रॉन विन्यास
- [He] 2s2
ऊष्मागतिक
- क्रांतिक बिंदु (तापमान)
- 4932 °C
- गलन ऊष्मा
- 0.12644453 eV सभी तत्वों की गलन ऊष्मा की तुलना करें →
- वाष्पन ऊष्मा
- 3.078199 eV सभी तत्वों की वाष्पन ऊष्मा की तुलना करें →
- ऊर्ध्वपातन ऊष्मा
- 3.358035 eV
- परमाणुकरण ऊष्मा
- 3.358035 eV
- परमाणुकरण एन्थैल्पी
- 3.358035 eV
नाभिकीय
- प्रोटॉन
- 4 सभी तत्वों की प्रोटॉन की तुलना करें →
- न्यूट्रॉन
- 5 सभी तत्वों की न्यूट्रॉन की तुलना करें →
- ज्ञात समस्थानिक
- 12 सभी तत्वों की ज्ञात समस्थानिक की तुलना करें →
- स्थिर समस्थानिक
- 1 सभी तत्वों की स्थिर समस्थानिक की तुलना करें →
- सबसे स्थिर समस्थानिक
- Be-9
- खोज का वर्ष
- 1797
प्रचुरता
- प्रचुरता (भूपर्पटी)
- 2.8 mg/kg सभी तत्वों की प्रचुरता (भूपर्पटी) की तुलना करें →
- प्रचुरता (महासागर)
- 5.6 × 10−6 mg/L सभी तत्वों की प्रचुरता (महासागर) की तुलना करें →
क्रिस्टल संरचना
- जालक स्थिरांक a
- 229 pm
इलेक्ट्रॉनिक संरचना
- प्रति कोश इलेक्ट्रॉन
- 2, 2 सभी तत्वों की प्रति कोश इलेक्ट्रॉन की तुलना करें →
पहचानकर्ता
- CAS संख्या
- 7440-41-7 सभी तत्वों की CAS संख्या की तुलना करें →
- टर्म प्रतीक
- 1S0
- InChI
- InChI=1S/Be
- InChI कुंजी
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
इलेक्ट्रॉन विन्यास मापित
Be: 2s²[He] 2s²1s² 2s²परमाणु मॉडल
समस्थानिक न्यूट्रॉन की संख्या, द्रव्यमान और स्थिरता बदलते हैं — उदासीन परमाणु का इलेक्ट्रॉन विन्यास नहीं।
सांकेतिक परमाणु मॉडल, वास्तविक अनुपात में नहीं।
परमाणु पहचान-चिह्न
उत्सर्जन / अवशोषण स्पेक्ट्रम
समस्थानिक वितरण
| द्रव्यमान संख्या | परमाणु द्रव्यमान (u) | प्राकृतिक प्रचुरता | अर्धायु |
|---|---|---|---|
| 9 स्थिर | 9.012183065 ± 0.000000082 | 100.0000% | स्थिर |
प्रावस्था / अवस्था
कारण: गलनांक (1286.85 °C) से 1261.8 °C कम
सांकेतिक, वास्तविक अनुपात में नहीं
प्रावस्था संक्रमण बिंदु
संक्रमण ऊर्जाएँ
गलनांक पर 1 mol को पिघलाने के लिए आवश्यक ऊर्जा
क्वथनांक पर 1 mol को वाष्पित करने के लिए आवश्यक ऊर्जा
ऊर्ध्वपातनांक पर 1 mol के ऊर्ध्वपातन के लिए आवश्यक ऊर्जा
घनत्व
मानक परिस्थितियों में
मानक परिस्थितियों में
उन्नत
परमाणु स्पेक्ट्रम
उपलब्ध स्पेक्ट्रमी रेखा डेटा ?
| आयन | आवेश | कुल रेखाएँ | संक्रमण प्रायिकताएँ | स्तर पदनाम |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Be I | 0 | 581 | 394 | 581 |
| Be II | +1 | 681 | 149 | 681 |
| Be III | +2 | 323 | 302 | 316 |
| Be IV | +3 | 142 | 142 | 142 |
उपलब्ध ऊर्जा स्तर डेटा ?
| आयन | आवेश | स्तर |
|---|---|---|
| Be I | 0 | 219 |
| Be II | +1 | 258 |
| Be III | +2 | 167 |
| Be IV | +3 | 149 |
आयनिक त्रिज्याएँ
| आवेश | उपसहसंयोजन | प्रचक्रण | त्रिज्या |
|---|---|---|---|
| +2 | 3 | उपलब्ध नहीं | 16 pm |
| +2 | 4 | उपलब्ध नहीं | 27 pm |
| +2 | 6 | उपलब्ध नहीं | 45 pm |
यौगिक
समस्थानिक (1)
| द्रव्यमान संख्या | परमाणु द्रव्यमान (u) | प्राकृतिक प्रचुरता | अर्धायु | क्षय का प्रकार | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9 स्थिर | 9.012183065 ± 0.000000082 | 100.0000% | स्थिर | stable |
स्पेक्ट्रमी रेखाएँ
| तरंगदैर्घ्य (nm) | तीव्रता | आयनन अवस्था | प्रकार | संक्रमण | सटीकता | स्रोत | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 381.3453 nm | 22 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.2p 1P* → 1s2.2s.4d 1D | मापित | NIST | |
| 385.17 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3p 4D → 1s.2p.4s 4P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 385.17 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3p 4D → 1s.2p.4s 4P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 385.17 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3p 4D → 1s.2p.4s 4P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 385.17 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3p 4D → 1s.2p.4s 4P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 385.17 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3p 4D → 1s.2p.4s 4P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 385.17 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3p 4D → 1s.2p.4s 4P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 385.17 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3p 4D → 1s.2p.4s 4P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 385.17 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3p 4D → 1s.2p.4s 4P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 386.513 nm | 3 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2p2 3P → 1s2.2p.3s 3P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 386.5427 nm | 5 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2p2 3P → 1s2.2p.3s 3P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 386.5517 nm | 1 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2p2 3P → 1s2.2p.3s 3P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 386.5725 nm | 2 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2p2 3P → 1s2.2p.3s 3P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 386.6022 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be I | emission | 1s2.2p2 3P → 1s2.2p.3s 3P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 386.6037 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be I | emission | 1s2.2p2 3P → 1s2.2p.3s 3P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 388.143 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be III | emission | 1s.4s 3S → 1s.5p 3P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 388.143 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be III | emission | 1s.4s 3S → 1s.5p 3P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 388.143 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be III | emission | 1s.4s 3S → 1s.5p 3P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 399.55 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.(3P*).3d 2D* → 1s.2p.(3P*).4f 2F | मापित | NIST | |
| 399.55 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.(3P*).3d 2D* → 1s.2p.(3P*).4f 2F | मापित | NIST | |
| 399.55 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.(3P*).3d 2D* → 1s.2p.(3P*).4f 2F | मापित | NIST | |
| 403.93 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4F* → 1s.2p.4f 4D | मापित | NIST | |
| 403.93 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4F* → 1s.2p.4f 4D | मापित | NIST | |
| 403.93 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4F* → 1s.2p.4f 4D | मापित | NIST | |
| 403.93 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4F* → 1s.2p.4f 4D | मापित | NIST | |
| 403.93 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4F* → 1s.2p.4f 4D | मापित | NIST | |
| 403.93 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4F* → 1s.2p.4f 4D | मापित | NIST | |
| 403.93 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4F* → 1s.2p.4f 4D | मापित | NIST | |
| 403.93 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4F* → 1s.2p.4f 4D | मापित | NIST | |
| 403.93 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4F* → 1s.2p.4f 4D | मापित | NIST | |
| 416.63 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be III | emission | 1s.4s 1S → 1s.5p 1P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 419.97 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be III | emission | 1s.4s 1S → 1s.5d 1D | मापित | NIST | |
| 424.41 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be III | emission | 1s.4p 3P* → 1s.5d 1D | मापित | NIST | |
| 424.41 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be III | emission | 1s.4p 3P* → 1s.5d 1D | मापित | NIST | |
| 424.906 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be III | emission | 1s.4p 3P* → 1s.5d 3D | मापित | NIST | |
| 424.906 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be III | emission | 1s.4p 3P* → 1s.5d 3D | मापित | NIST | |
| 424.906 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be III | emission | 1s.4p 3P* → 1s.5d 3D | मापित | NIST | |
| 424.906 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be III | emission | 1s.4p 3P* → 1s.5d 3D | मापित | NIST | |
| 424.906 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be III | emission | 1s.4p 3P* → 1s.5d 3D | मापित | NIST | |
| 424.906 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be III | emission | 1s.4p 3P* → 1s.5d 3D | मापित | NIST | |
| 425.2 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3p 4P* → 1s.2s.4s 4S | मापित | NIST | |
| 425.2 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3p 4P* → 1s.2s.4s 4S | मापित | NIST | |
| 425.2 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3p 4P* → 1s.2s.4s 4S | मापित | NIST | |
| 425.2987 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 3D → 1s2.2p.3s 3P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 425.2987 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 3D → 1s2.2p.3s 3P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 425.2987 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 3D → 1s2.2p.3s 3P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 425.3707 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 3D → 1s2.2p.3s 3P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 425.3707 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 3D → 1s2.2p.3s 3P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 425.4085 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 3D → 1s2.2p.3s 3P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 432.953 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2s.4f 4F* | मापित | NIST | |
| 432.953 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2s.4f 4F* | मापित | NIST | |
| 432.953 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2s.4f 4F* | मापित | NIST | |
| 432.953 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2s.4f 4F* | मापित | NIST | |
| 432.953 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2s.4f 4F* | मापित | NIST | |
| 432.953 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2s.4f 4F* | मापित | NIST | |
| 432.953 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2s.4f 4F* | मापित | NIST | |
| 432.953 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2s.4f 4F* | मापित | NIST | |
| 432.953 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2s.4f 4F* | मापित | NIST | |
| 433.302 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.10f 2F* | मापित | NIST | |
| 433.306 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.10f 2F* | मापित | NIST | |
| 433.306 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.10f 2F* | मापित | NIST | |
| 436.0665 nm | 810 | Be II | emission | 1s2.3p 2P* → 1s2.4d 2D | मापित | NIST | |
| 436.0986 nm | 960 | Be II | emission | 1s2.3p 2P* → 1s2.4d 2D | मापित | NIST | |
| 436.1032 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s2.3p 2P* → 1s2.4d 2D | मापित | NIST | |
| 437.112 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4D* → 1s.2p.4f 4F | मापित | NIST | |
| 437.112 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4D* → 1s.2p.4f 4F | मापित | NIST | |
| 437.112 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4D* → 1s.2p.4f 4F | मापित | NIST | |
| 437.112 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4D* → 1s.2p.4f 4F | मापित | NIST | |
| 437.112 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4D* → 1s.2p.4f 4F | मापित | NIST | |
| 437.112 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4D* → 1s.2p.4f 4F | मापित | NIST | |
| 437.112 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4D* → 1s.2p.4f 4F | मापित | NIST | |
| 437.112 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4D* → 1s.2p.4f 4F | मापित | NIST | |
| 437.112 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4D* → 1s.2p.4f 4F | मापित | NIST | |
| 440.393 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.9d 2D | मापित | NIST | |
| 440.408 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.9d 2D | मापित | NIST | |
| 440.408 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.9d 2D | मापित | NIST | |
| 440.7936 nm | 19 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.2p 1P* → 1s2.2s.4s 1S | मापित | NIST | |
| 445.828 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 1D → 1s.5p 1P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 446.786 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.9s 2S | मापित | NIST | |
| 446.802 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.9s 2S | मापित | NIST | |
| 447.669 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s2.4s 2S → 1s2.7p 2P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 447.672 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s2.4s 2S → 1s2.7p 2P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 448.651 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.5f 1F* | मापित | NIST | |
| 448.651 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.5f 1F* | मापित | NIST | |
| 448.651 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.5f 3F* | मापित | NIST | |
| 448.651 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.5f 3F* | मापित | NIST | |
| 448.651 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.5f 3F* | मापित | NIST | |
| 448.651 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.5f 3F* | मापित | NIST | |
| 448.651 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.5f 3F* | मापित | NIST | |
| 448.651 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.5f 3F* | मापित | NIST | |
| 449.54 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 1D → 1s.5f 1F* | मापित | NIST | |
| 449.54 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 1D → 1s.5f 3F* | मापित | NIST | |
| 449.54 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 1D → 1s.5f 3F* | मापित | NIST | |
| 449.96 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be III | emission | 1s.4f 1F* → 1s.5d 1D | मापित | NIST | |
| 449.96 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be III | emission | 1s.4f 3F* → 1s.5d 1D | मापित | NIST | |
| 450.511 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be III | emission | 1s.4f 1F* → 1s.5d 3D | मापित | NIST | |
| 450.511 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be III | emission | 1s.4f 1F* → 1s.5d 3D | मापित | NIST | |
| 450.511 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be III | emission | 1s.4f 3F* → 1s.5d 3D | मापित | NIST | |
| 450.511 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be III | emission | 1s.4f 3F* → 1s.5d 3D | मापित | NIST | |
| 450.511 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be III | emission | 1s.4f 3F* → 1s.5d 3D | मापित | NIST | |
| 450.511 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be III | emission | 1s.4f 3F* → 1s.5d 3D | मापित | NIST | |
| 450.511 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be III | emission | 1s.4f 3F* → 1s.5d 3D | मापित | NIST | |
| 450.511 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be III | emission | 1s.4f 3F* → 1s.5d 3D | मापित | NIST | |
| 452.6406 nm | 7 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.4p 1P* → 1s2.2p.3p 1P | मापित | NIST | |
| 453.543 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.9f 2F* | मापित | NIST | |
| 453.548 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.9f 2F* | मापित | NIST | |
| 453.548 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.9f 2F* | मापित | NIST | |
| 453.58 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be III | emission | 1s.4p 1P* → 1s.5p 1P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 454.06 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s2.4f 2F* → 1s2.9g 2G | मापित | NIST | |
| 454.062 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s2.4f 2F* → 1s2.9g 2G | मापित | NIST | |
| 454.062 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s2.4f 2F* → 1s2.9g 2G | मापित | NIST | |
| 454.788 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.9p 2P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 454.789 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.9p 2P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 454.793 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.9p 2P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 454.8055 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s2 1S → 1s2.2s.2p 3P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 454.85379 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s2 1S → 1s2.2s.2p 3P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 457.266603 nm | 30 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.2p 1P* → 1s2.2s.3d 1D | मापित | NIST | |
| 457.55 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be III | emission | 1s.4p 1P* → 1s.5d 1D | मापित | NIST | |
| 458.12 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be III | emission | 1s.4p 1P* → 1s.5d 3D | मापित | NIST | |
| 459.61 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2s.4p 4P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 459.61 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2s.4p 4P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 459.61 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2s.4p 4P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 459.61 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2s.4p 4P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 459.61 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2s.4p 4P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 459.61 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2s.4p 4P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 459.61 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2s.4p 4P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 459.61 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2s.4p 4P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 461.05 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3p 4P → 1s.2p.4s 4P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 461.05 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3p 4P → 1s.2p.4s 4P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 461.05 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3p 4P → 1s.2p.4s 4P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 461.05 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3p 4P → 1s.2p.4s 4P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 461.05 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3p 4P → 1s.2p.4s 4P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 461.05 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3p 4P → 1s.2p.4s 4P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 461.05 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3p 4P → 1s.2p.4s 4P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 462.827 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.5p 3P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 462.827 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.5p 3P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 462.827 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.5p 3P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 462.827 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.5p 3P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 462.827 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.5p 3P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 462.827 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.5p 3P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 463.774 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 1D → 1s.5p 3P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 463.774 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 1D → 1s.5p 3P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 465.722198 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be IV | emission | 5p 2P* → 6d 2D | मापित | NIST | |
| 465.730484 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be IV | emission | 5s 2S → 6p 2P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 465.792545 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be IV | emission | 5p 2P* → 6s 2S | मापित | NIST | |
| 465.805836 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be IV | emission | 5s 2S → 6p 2P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 465.827127 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be IV | emission | 5d 2D → 6f 2F* | मापित | NIST | |
| 465.827302 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be IV | emission | 5p 2P* → 6d 2D | मापित | NIST | |
| 465.85207 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be IV | emission | 5d 2D → 6p 2P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 465.852419 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be IV | emission | 5p 2P* → 6d 2D | मापित | NIST | |
| 465.857919 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be IV | emission | 5f 2F* → 6g 2G | मापित | NIST | |
| 465.857973 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be IV | emission | 5d 2D → 6f 2F* | मापित | NIST | |
| 465.870408 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be IV | emission | 5f 2F* → 6d 2D | मापित | NIST | |
| 465.870532 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be IV | emission | 5d 2D → 6f 2F* | मापित | NIST | |
| 465.872059 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be IV | emission | 5g 2G → 6h 2H* | मापित | NIST | |
| 465.872085 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be IV | emission | 5f 2F* → 6g 2G | मापित | NIST | |
| 465.879556 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be IV | emission | 5g 2G → 6f 2F* | मापित | NIST | |
| 465.879621 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be IV | emission | 5f 2F* → 6g 2G | मापित | NIST | |
| 465.8800567 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be IV | emission | 5g 2G → 6h 2H* | मापित | NIST | |
| 465.8850804 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be IV | emission | 5g 2G → 6h 2H* | मापित | NIST | |
| 465.892111 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be IV | emission | 5f 2F* → 6d 2D | मापित | NIST | |
| 465.892116 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be IV | emission | 5g 2G → 6f 2F* | मापित | NIST | |
| 465.892578 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be IV | emission | 5g 2G → 6f 2F* | मापित | NIST | |
| 465.89548 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be IV | emission | 5d 2D → 6p 2P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 465.89553 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be IV | emission | 5f 2F* → 6d 2D | मापित | NIST | |
| 465.9228055 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be IV | emission | 5p 2P* → 6s 2S | मापित | NIST | |
| 465.927462 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be IV | emission | 5d 2D → 6p 2P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 466.346 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be III | emission | 1s.4p 3P* → 1s.5s 3S | मापित | NIST | |
| 466.346 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be III | emission | 1s.4p 3P* → 1s.5s 3S | मापित | NIST | |
| 466.346 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be III | emission | 1s.4p 3P* → 1s.5s 3S | मापित | NIST | |
| 466.37 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4P* → 1s.2p.4f 4D | मापित | NIST | |
| 466.37 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4P* → 1s.2p.4f 4D | मापित | NIST | |
| 466.37 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4P* → 1s.2p.4f 4D | मापित | NIST | |
| 466.37 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4P* → 1s.2p.4f 4D | मापित | NIST | |
| 466.37 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4P* → 1s.2p.4f 4D | मापित | NIST | |
| 466.37 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4P* → 1s.2p.4f 4D | मापित | NIST | |
| 466.37 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4P* → 1s.2p.4f 4D | मापित | NIST | |
| 466.37 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4P* → 1s.2p.4f 4D | मापित | NIST | |
| 467.3332 nm | 1060 | Be II | emission | 1s2.3d 2D → 1s2.4f 2F* | मापित | NIST | |
| 467.342 nm | 1160 | Be II | emission | 1s2.3d 2D → 1s2.4f 2F* | मापित | NIST | |
| 467.345 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s2.3d 2D → 1s2.4f 2F* | मापित | NIST | |
| 470.234 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.8d 2D | मापित | NIST | |
| 470.252 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.8d 2D | मापित | NIST | |
| 470.252 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.8d 2D | मापित | NIST | |
| 470.9391 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.8p 3P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 470.9394 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.8p 3P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 470.9396 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.8p 3P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 480.759 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.8s 2S | मापित | NIST | |
| 480.777 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.8s 2S | मापित | NIST | |
| 482.799 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s2.3d 2D → 1s2.4p 2P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 482.812 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s2.3d 2D → 1s2.4p 2P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 482.818 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s2.3d 2D → 1s2.4p 2P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 484.9153 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.7p 3P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 484.9153 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.7p 3P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 484.9156 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.7p 3P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 485.233 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.8f 2F* | मापित | NIST | |
| 485.238 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.8f 2F* | मापित | NIST | |
| 485.238 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.8f 2F* | मापित | NIST | |
| 485.6045 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.2p 3P* → 1s2.2s.2p 1P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 485.61897 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.2p 3P* → 1s2.2s.2p 1P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 485.61897 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.2p 3P* → 1s2.2s.2p 1P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 485.6741 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.2p 3P* → 1s2.2s.2p 1P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 485.6741 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.2p 3P* → 1s2.2s.2p 1P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 485.82 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s2.4f 2F* → 1s2.8g 2G | मापित | NIST | |
| 485.823 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s2.4f 2F* → 1s2.8g 2G | मापित | NIST | |
| 485.823 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s2.4f 2F* → 1s2.8g 2G | मापित | NIST | |
| 508.7714 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.6p 3P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 508.7714 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.6p 3P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 508.7719 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.6p 3P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 515.2 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be III | emission | 1s.5d 1D → 1s.7p 1P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 515.778 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be III | emission | 1s.5d 3D → 1s.7f 3F* | मापित | NIST | |
| 515.778 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be III | emission | 1s.5d 3D → 1s.7f 3F* | मापित | NIST | |
| 515.778 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be III | emission | 1s.5d 3D → 1s.7f 3F* | मापित | NIST | |
| 515.778 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be III | emission | 1s.5d 3D → 1s.7f 3F* | मापित | NIST | |
| 515.778 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be III | emission | 1s.5d 3D → 1s.7f 3F* | मापित | NIST | |
| 515.778 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be III | emission | 1s.5d 3D → 1s.7f 3F* | मापित | NIST | |
| 516.51 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be III | emission | 1s.5d 1D → 1s.7f 3F* | मापित | NIST | |
| 516.51 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be III | emission | 1s.5d 1D → 1s.7f 3F* | मापित | NIST | |
| 521.8119 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.7d 2D | मापित | NIST | |
| 521.834 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.7d 2D | मापित | NIST | |
| 521.834 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.7d 2D | मापित | NIST | |
| 525.007 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 1S → 1s2.2s.9p 1P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 525.584 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s2.4s 2S → 1s2.6p 2P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 525.59 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s2.4s 2S → 1s2.6p 2P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 526.1527 nm | 5 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.5p 1P* → 1s2.2p.3p 1P | मापित | NIST | |
| 527.027 nm | 810 | Be II | emission | 1s2.3p 2P* → 1s2.4s 2S | मापित | NIST | |
| 527.0806 nm | 960 | Be II | emission | 1s2.3p 2P* → 1s2.4s 2S | मापित | NIST | |
| 536.552 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 1S → 1s2.2s.8p 1P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 540.299 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.7f 2F* | मापित | NIST | |
| 540.306 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.7f 2F* | मापित | NIST | |
| 540.306 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.7f 2F* | मापित | NIST | |
| 541.018 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s2.4f 2F* → 1s2.7g 2G | मापित | NIST | |
| 541.022 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s2.4f 2F* → 1s2.7g 2G | मापित | NIST | |
| 541.022 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s2.4f 2F* → 1s2.7g 2G | मापित | NIST | |
| 541.612 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.7s 2S | मापित | NIST | |
| 541.636 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.7s 2S | मापित | NIST | |
| 544.069 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.7p 2P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 544.073 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.7p 2P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 544.076 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.7p 2P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 554.648 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 1S → 1s2.2s.7p 1P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 555.881 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.5p 3P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 555.881 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.5p 3P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 555.881 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.5p 3P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 585.7012 nm | 3 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 1S → 1s2.2s.6p 1P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 593.771 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be I | emission | 1s2.2p2 1D → 1s2.2s.9p 1P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 608.58 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be I | emission | 1s2.2p2 1D → 1s2.2s.8p 1P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 608.6 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be I | emission | 1s2.2p2 1D → 1s2.2s.8p 3P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 614.2 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be III | emission | 1s.2s 1S → 1s.2p 1P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 622.9108 nm | 3 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2p2 1D → 1s2.2s.7f 1F* | मापित | NIST | |
| 627.9418 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.6d 2D | मापित | NIST | |
| 627.9737 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.6d 2D | मापित | NIST | |
| 627.9737 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.6d 2D | मापित | NIST | |
| 631.966 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be I | emission | 1s2.2p2 1D → 1s2.2s.7p 1P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 632.145 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be I | emission | 1s2.2p2 1D → 1s2.2s.7p 3P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 647.3536 nm | 7 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 1S → 1s2.2s.5p 1P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 654.784 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.6f 2F* | मापित | NIST | |
| 654.793 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.6f 2F* | मापित | NIST | |
| 654.794 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.6f 2F* | मापित | NIST | |
| 655.833 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s2.4f 2F* → 1s2.6g 2G | मापित | NIST | |
| 655.839 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s2.4f 2F* → 1s2.6g 2G | मापित | NIST | |
| 655.839 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s2.4f 2F* → 1s2.6g 2G | मापित | NIST | |
| 656.4519 nm | 9 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2p2 1D → 1s2.2s.6f 1F* | मापित | NIST | |
| 663.633 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.6p 2P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 663.644 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.6p 2P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 663.644 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.6p 2P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 671.15 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.9d 3D | मापित | NIST | |
| 671.21 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.9d 3D | मापित | NIST | |
| 671.23 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.9d 3D | मापित | NIST | |
| 671.25 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.9d 3D | मापित | NIST | |
| 671.25 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.9d 3D | मापित | NIST | |
| 671.26 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.9d 3D | मापित | NIST | |
| 672.598 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be I | emission | 1s2.2p2 1D → 1s2.2s.6p 1P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 675.675 nm | 10 | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.6s 2S | मापित | NIST | |
| 675.712 nm | 110 | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.6s 2S | मापित | NIST | |
| 678.656 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.4p 3P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 678.656 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.4p 3P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 678.656 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.4p 3P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 688.422 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.8d 3D | मापित | NIST | |
| 688.422 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.8d 3D | मापित | NIST | |
| 688.423 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.8d 3D | मापित | NIST | |
| 688.44 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.8d 3D | मापित | NIST | |
| 688.44 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.8d 3D | मापित | NIST | |
| 688.444 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.8d 3D | मापित | NIST | |
| 698.273 nm | 13 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.2p 1P* → 1s2.2p2 1D | मापित | NIST | |
| 704.98 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.8s 3S | मापित | NIST | |
| 704.98 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.8s 3S | मापित | NIST | |
| 705 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.8s 3S | मापित | NIST | |
| 715.44 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.7d 3D | मापित | NIST | |
| 715.44 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.7d 3D | मापित | NIST | |
| 715.441 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.7d 3D | मापित | NIST | |
| 715.459 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.7d 3D | मापित | NIST | |
| 715.46 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.7d 3D | मापित | NIST | |
| 715.465 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.7d 3D | मापित | NIST | |
| 720.9132 nm | 13 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2p2 1D → 1s2.2s.5f 1F* | मापित | NIST | |
| 720.928 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be I | emission | 1s2.2p2 1D → 1s2.2s.5f 3F* | मापित | NIST | |
| 730.819 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 1P* → 1s2.2s.9d 1D | मापित | NIST | |
| 740.1196 nm | 210 | Be II | emission | 1s2.4s 2S → 1s2.5p 2P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 740.1431 nm | 110 | Be II | emission | 1s2.4s 2S → 1s2.5p 2P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 743.44 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.7s 3S | मापित | NIST | |
| 743.44 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.7s 3S | मापित | NIST | |
| 743.46 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.7s 3S | मापित | NIST | |
| 744.887 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 1P* → 1s2.2s.9s 1S | मापित | NIST | |
| 749.842 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 1P* → 1s2.2s.8d 1D | मापित | NIST |
विस्तृत गुण
सहसंयोजक त्रिज्याएँ (विस्तृत)
- सहसंयोजक त्रिज्या (प्यूक्को)
- 102 pm
- सहसंयोजक त्रिज्या (प्यूक्को, द्विबंध)
- 90 pm
- सहसंयोजक त्रिज्या (प्यूक्को, त्रिबंध)
- 85 pm
- सहसंयोजक त्रिज्या (ब्रैग)
- 115 pm
वान डर वाल्स त्रिज्याएँ
- Truhlar
- 153 pm
- Batsanov
- 190 pm
- Alvarez
- 198 pm
- UFF
- 274.5 pm
- MM3
- 223 pm
परमाणु और धात्विक त्रिज्याएँ
- परमाणु त्रिज्या (राह्म)
- 219 pm
- धात्विक त्रिज्या (C12)
- 112 pm
संख्यांकन मापक्रम
- Mendeleev
- 75
- Pettifor
- 77
- Glawe
- 77
विद्युतऋणात्मकता मापक्रम
- Ghosh
- 0
- Miedema
- 5
- Gunnarsson–Lundqvist
- 4
- Robles–Bartolotti
- 4
ध्रुवणीयता और परिक्षेपण
- द्विध्रुव ध्रुवणीयता
- 37.74 a.u.
- द्विध्रुव ध्रुवणीयता (अनिश्चितता)
- 0.03 a.u.
- C₆
- 227 Ha·Bohr6
- C₆ (Gould–Bučko)
- 214 Ha·Bohr6
मीडेमा प्राचल
- मीडेमा मोलर आयतन
- 4.9 cm3/mol
- मीडेमा इलेक्ट्रॉन घनत्व
- 5
आपूर्ति जोखिम और अर्थशास्त्र
- उत्पादन संकेंद्रण
- 85
- सापेक्ष आपूर्ति जोखिम
- 8
- राजनीतिक स्थिरता (प्रमुख उत्पादक)
- 57
प्रावस्था संक्रमण और अपररूप
| गलनांक | 1560.15 K |
| क्वथनांक | 2741.15 K |
| क्रांतिक बिंदु (तापमान) | 5205.15 K |
ऑक्सीकरण अवस्था की श्रेणियाँ
उन्नत संदर्भ डेटा
परिरक्षण स्थिरांक (2)
| n | कक्षक | σ |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | s | 0.3152 |
| 2 | s | 2.088 |
क्रिस्टल त्रिज्याओं का विवरण (3)
| आवेश | CN | प्रचक्रण | rcrystal (pm) | उत्पत्ति |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | III | 30 | ||
| 2 | IV | 41 | ||
| 2 | VI | 59 | calculated, |
समस्थानिक क्षय के प्रकार (19)
| समस्थानिक | मोड | तीव्रता |
|---|---|---|
| 5 | p | — |
| 6 | 2p | 100% |
| 7 | EC | 100% |
| 8 | A | 100% |
| 10 | B- | 100% |
| 11 | B- | 100% |
| 11 | B-A | 3.3% |
| 11 | B-p | 0% |
| 11 | B-n | — |
| 12 | B- | 100% |
एक्स-रे प्रकीर्णन गुणक (724)
| ऊर्जा (eV) | f₁ | f₂ |
|---|---|---|
| 10 | — | 1.70333 |
| 10.1617 | — | 1.71802 |
| 10.3261 | — | 1.73284 |
| 10.4931 | — | 1.74778 |
| 10.6628 | — | 1.75737 |
| 10.8353 | — | 1.76678 |
| 11.0105 | — | 1.77624 |
| 11.1886 | — | 1.78574 |
| 11.3696 | — | 1.7953 |
| 11.5535 | — | 1.80306 |
अतिरिक्त डेटा
Estimated Crustal Abundance
The estimated element abundance in the earth's crust.
2.8 milligrams per kilogram
संदर्भ (1)
- [5] Beryllium https://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele004.html
Estimated Oceanic Abundance
The estimated element abundance in the earth's oceans.
5.6×10-6 milligrams per liter
संदर्भ (1)
- [5] Beryllium https://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele004.html
Sources
Sources of this element.
Beryllium is found in some 30 mineral species, the most important of which are bertrandite, beryl, chrysoberyl, and phenacite. Aquamarine and emerald are precious forms of beryl. Beryl and bertrandite are the most important commercial sources of the element and its compounds. Most of the metal is now prepared by reducing beryllium fluoride with magnesium metal. Beryllium metal did not become readily available to industry until 1957.
संदर्भ (1)
- [6] Beryllium https://periodic.lanl.gov/4.shtml
संदर्भ
(9)
Data deposited in or computed by PubChem
The half-life and atomic mass data was provided by the Atomic Mass Data Center at the International Atomic Energy Agency.
Element data are cited from the Atomic weights of the elements (an IUPAC Technical Report). The IUPAC periodic table of elements can be found at https://iupac.org/what-we-do/periodic-table-of-elements/. Additional information can be found within IUPAC publication doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0703 Copyright © 2020 International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.
The information are cited from Pure Appl. Chem. 2018; 90(12): 1833-2092, https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2015-0703.
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jefferson Lab) is one of 17 national laboratories funded by the U.S. Department of Energy. The lab's primary mission is to conduct basic research of the atom's nucleus using the lab's unique particle accelerator, known as the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF). For more information visit https://www.jlab.org/
The periodic table at the LANL (Los Alamos National Laboratory) contains basic element information together with the history, source, properties, use, handling and more. The provenance data may be found from the link under the source name.
The periodic table contains NIST's critically-evaluated data on atomic properties of the elements. The provenance data that include data for atomic spectroscopy, X-ray and gamma ray, radiation dosimetry, nuclear physics, and condensed matter physics may be found from the link under the source name. Ref: https://www.nist.gov/pml/atomic-spectra-database
This section provides all form of data related to element Beryllium.
The element property data was retrieved from publications.