Lutetium vs Hafnium
Side-by-side comparison of Lutetium (Lu, element 71) and Hafnium (Hf, element 72) by atomic structure and physical properties.
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| Atomic number | 71 | 72 |
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| Symbol | Lu | Hf |
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| Name | Lutetium | Hafnium |
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| Category | lanthanide | transition-metal |
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| Standard Atomic Weight | 174.9668 u | 178.49 u |
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| Period | 6 | 6 |
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| Group | 3 | 4 |
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| Block | d | d |
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| Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
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| Electron configuration | [Xe]4f145d16s2 | [Xe]4f145d26s2 |
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| Oxidation states | [0, 1, 2, 3] | [-2, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4] |
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| Electronegativity (Pauling) | 1.27 | 1.3 |
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| Electron affinity | 0.2388 eV | 0.178 eV |
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| Density | 9840 kg/m³ | 1.33e+4 kg/m³ |
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| Melting point | 1662.85 °C | 2232.85 °C |
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| Boiling point | 3401.85 °C | 4602.85 °C |
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| Discovery year | 1907 | 1922 |
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Key Differences
| Lu Lutetium | Hf Hafnium |
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| Standard Atomic Weight | 174.9668 u ↓ lower | 178.49 u ↑ higher |
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| Density | 9840 kg/m³ ↓ lower | 1.33e+4 kg/m³ ↑ higher |
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| Melting point | 1662.85 °C ↓ lower | 2232.85 °C ↑ higher |
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| Boiling point | 3401.85 °C ↓ lower | 4602.85 °C ↑ higher |
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| Electronegativity (Pauling) | 1.27 ↓ lower | 1.3 ↑ higher |
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| Electron affinity | 0.2388 eV ↑ higher | 0.178 eV ↓ lower |
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| Group | 3 | 4 |
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| Category | lanthanide | transition-metal |
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| Electron configuration | [Xe]4f145d16s2 | [Xe]4f145d26s2 |
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| Discovery year | 1907 | 1922 |
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