Sodium vs Magnesium
Side-by-side comparison of Sodium (Na, element 11) and Magnesium (Mg, element 12) by atomic structure and physical properties.
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| Atomic number | 11 | 12 |
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| Symbol | Na | Mg |
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| Name | Sodium | Magnesium |
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| Category | alkali-metal | alkaline-earth-metal |
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| Standard Atomic Weight | 22.989769 u | 24.3055 u |
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| Period | 3 | 3 |
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| Group | 1 | 2 |
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| Block | s | s |
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| Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
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| Electron configuration | [Ne]3s1 | [Ne]3s2 |
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| Oxidation states | [-1, 0, 1] | [0, 1, 2] |
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| Electronegativity (Pauling) | 0.93 | 1.31 |
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| Electron affinity | 0.5479 eV | -0.4 eV |
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| Density | 970 kg/m³ | 1740 kg/m³ |
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| Melting point | 97.8 °C | 649.85 °C |
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| Boiling point | 882.85 °C | 1089.85 °C |
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| Discovery year | 1807 | 1755 |
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Key Differences
| Na Sodium | Mg Magnesium |
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| Standard Atomic Weight | 22.989769 u ↓ lower | 24.3055 u ↑ higher |
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| Density | 970 kg/m³ ↓ lower | 1740 kg/m³ ↑ higher |
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| Melting point | 97.8 °C ↓ lower | 649.85 °C ↑ higher |
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| Boiling point | 882.85 °C ↓ lower | 1089.85 °C ↑ higher |
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| Electronegativity (Pauling) | 0.93 ↓ lower | 1.31 ↑ higher |
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| Electron affinity | 0.5479 eV ↑ higher | -0.4 eV ↓ lower |
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| Group | 1 | 2 |
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| Category | alkali-metal | alkaline-earth-metal |
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| Electron configuration | [Ne]3s1 | [Ne]3s2 |
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| Discovery year | 1807 | 1755 |
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