Strontium (Sr)
alkaline-earth-metalSolid
标准原子量
87.62 u电子排布
[Kr] 5s2熔点
776.85 °C沸点
1381.85 °C密度
2640 kg/m³氧化态
+1, +2电负性（鲍林）
0.95第一电离能
5.694867 eV发现年份
1792原子半径
200 pm详细信息
Strontium is an alkaline earth metal below calcium and above barium in group 2. Natural strontium is stable and occurs mainly as the minerals celestine and strontianite rather than as the free metal. Its chemistry is dominated by the Sr²⁺ ion, which closely resembles Ca²⁺ but is larger and more readily forms insoluble sulfate and carbonate salts. Strontium is best known technologically for red pyrotechnic colors, ferrite magnets, glass additives, and the radioactive isotope ⁹⁰Sr.
Strontium is softer than calcium and decomposes in water more vigorously. It does not absorb nitrogen below 380°C. It should be kept under kerosene to prevent oxidation. Freshly cut strontium has a silvery appearance, but rapidly turns a yellowish color with the formation of the oxide. The finely divided metal ignites spontaneously in air. Volatile strontium salts impart a beautiful crimson color to flames, and these salts are used in pyrotechnics and in the production of flares. Natural strontium is a mixture of four stable isotopes.
The name derives from Strontian, a town in Scotland. The mineral strontianite is found in mines in Strontian. The element was discovered in 1792 by the Scottish chemist and physician Thomas Charles Hope, who observed the brilliant red flame colour of strontium. It was first isolated by the English chemist Humphry Davy in 1808.
Strontium was discovered by Adair Crawford, an Irish chemist, in 1790 while studying the mineral witherite (BaCO3). When he mixed witherite with hydrochloric acid (HCl) he did not get the results he expected. He assumed that his sample of witherite was contaminated with an unknown mineral, a mineral he named strontianite (SrCO3). Strontium was first isolated by Sir Humphry Davy, an English chemist, in 1808 through the electrolysis of a mixture of strontium chloride (SrCl2) and mercuric oxide (HgO). Today, strontium is obtained from two of its most common ores, celestite (SrSO4) and strontianite (SrCO3), by treating them with hydrochloric acid, forming strontium chloride. The strontium chloride, usually mixed with potassium chloride (KCl), is then melted and electrolyzed, forming strontium and chlorine gas (Cl2).
Named after Strontian, a town in Scotland. Isolated by Davey by electrolysis in 1808, however, Adair Crawford recognized a new mineral (strontianite) as differing from other barium minerals in 1790.
Pure strontium is a soft, silvery metal when freshly cut, but it rapidly develops a yellowish or gray oxide-nitride surface film in air. It is less dense and less hard than many structural metals and is normally stored under oil or in sealed containers to limit reaction with moisture and oxygen.
Strontium nitrate, Sr(NO₃)₂, and related salts are used to produce intense red colors in fireworks, signal flares, and tracer compositions. Strontium carbonate, SrCO₃, is a feedstock for ceramic glazes, ferrite magnets, and specialty glass. Strontium ferrite materials are common permanent magnets in speakers, motors, and magnetic strips. ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios are used in geology, archaeology, and provenance studies. ⁹⁰Sr has been used in radioisotope power sources and industrial gauges, but its use is restricted by radiological hazards.
Most of the strontium produced today is used in the manufacture of color television picture tubes. It is also used to refine zinc and is combined with iron to make magnets.
Two strontium compounds, strontium carbonate (SrCO3) and strontium nitrate (Sr(NO3)2), burn with a bright, red flame and are used in fireworks and signal flares. Strontium carbonate is also used to make certain kinds of glass and is the base material for making most other strontium compounds.
Strontium-90, a radioactive isotope of strontium, is a common product of nuclear explosions. It has a half-life of about 28.8 years and decays into yttrium-90 through beta decay. Strontium-90 is especially deadly since it has a relatively long half-life, is strongly radioactive and is absorbed by the body, where it accumulates in the skeletal system. The radiation affects the production of new blood cells, which eventually leads to death.
In addition to the medical imaging application described in the image caption above, strontium has found use in producing ferrite magnets and in refining zinc. Strontium titanate is an interesting optical material as it has an extremely high refractive index and an optical dispersion greater than that of diamond. It has been used as a gemstone, but is very soft. It does not occur naturally.
Isotopes in Earth/Planetary Science
Stable isotopic fractionation of strontium is small because the relative differences between the masses of strontium stable isotopes are small (mass numbers are 86, 87, and 88 for the most abundant stable isotopes). Also, strontium is not subject to reduction-oxidation reactions in normal terrestrial environments, which would cause isotopic fractionation to be more evident. Nevertheless, current studies are exploring potential applications of stable strontium isotopic fractionation; for example, it has been used as a proxy for temperature during coral growth and for insights into the diets of ancient populations [295] A. Rüggeberg, J. Fietzke, V. Liebetrau, A. Eisenhauer, W. C. Dullo, A. Freiwald. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.269, 570 (2008)., [296] K. J. Knudson, H. M. Williams, J. E. Buikstra, P. D. Tomczak, G. W. Gordon, A. D. Anbar. J. Archaeolog. Sci.37, 2352 (2010)..
The relative abundance of natural radiogenic 87Sr in seawater is related to the relative rates of processes that add or remove strontium in the ocean (seafloor spreading, mid-ocean-ridge hydrothermal activity, and continental weathering). Over geologic time, these processes have fluctuated and the isotope-amount ratio n(87Sr)/n(86Sr) has changed systematically. By measuring the n(87Sr)/n(86Sr) ratio in marine fossils of known age, it is possible to identify when such environmental changes occurred. Conversely, it is possible to estimate the ages of marine deposits by comparing measured n(87Sr)/n(86Sr) ratios with the global time chart; this process is known as strontium isotope stratigraphy [297] J. M. McArthur, R. J. Howarth, T. R. Bailey. J. Geol.109, 155 (2001)..
Isotopes in Forensic Science and Anthropology
The isotope-amount ratio n(87Sr)/n(86Sr) is highly variable in rocks, minerals, soils, and waters, and it can be transmitted to plants (Fig. IUPAC.38.1), animals, and manufactured materials. Measurements of n(87Sr)/n(86Sr) ratios are used for forensic applications in food authentication (determining where food came from), archaeology, crime-scene investigation, and human migration [298] B. L. Beard, C. M. Johnson. J. Forensic Sci.45, 1049 (2000)., [299] K. M. Frei, R. Frei. Appl. Geochem.26, 326 (2011)..
Isotopes in Geochronology
The 87Rb- 87Sr dating technique utilizes the fact that 87Sr is a product of radioactive 87Rb decay (half-life of 4.97×1010 years) and is a useful tool for determining ages of rocks and minerals spanning the age of the Earth (Fig. IUPAC.38.2) [301] G. Faure. Principles of Isotope Geology, 2nd Edition. p. 608. Wiley, New York (1986)..
Strontium almost always forms compounds in the +2 oxidation state. Strontium oxide, SrO, is a strongly basic oxide that reacts with water to form strontium hydroxide, Sr(OH)₂. Strontium carbonate, SrCO₃, and strontium sulfate, SrSO₄, are sparingly soluble and control much of its mineral behavior. Strontium chloride, SrCl₂, and strontium nitrate, Sr(NO₃)₂, are soluble salts used as chemical intermediates. Strontium titanate, SrTiO₃, is a high-refractive-index ceramic and an important substrate material in oxide electronics research.
Strontium is found chiefly as celestite and strontianite. The metal can be prepared by electrolysis of the fused chloride mixed with potassium chloride, or is made by reducing strontium oxide with aluminum in a vacuum at a temperature at which strontium distills off. Three allotropic forms of the metal exist, with transition points at 235 and 540°C.
See more information at the Strontium compound page.
Metallic strontium reacts with water and acids to release hydrogen, H₂, and can ignite as filings or powder. Soluble strontium salts have moderate chemical toxicity and can disturb calcium metabolism at high exposure. The main radiological concern is ⁹⁰Sr, a fission product that behaves partly like calcium in the body and irradiates bone and marrow through beta decay. Stable strontium in ordinary environmental concentrations is not highly hazardous.
Strontium is dispersed in rocks, soils, freshwater, and seawater, with higher mobility in soluble forms than barium but less than many alkali metals. It substitutes for calcium in minerals and biological hard tissues because Sr²⁺ and Ca²⁺ have similar charge and chemistry. Weathering releases strontium to waters, while carbonate, sulfate, and adsorption processes remove it. ⁹⁰Sr from nuclear fallout or accidents is environmentally important because it can enter food chains.
Commercial strontium is obtained chiefly from celestine, SrSO₄, which is converted to strontium carbonate, SrCO₃, or other salts before further use. Demand is concentrated in ferrite magnets, pyrotechnics, ceramics, and specialty glass, so the market is smaller and less diversified than for calcium or magnesium. Production of the metal itself is limited because most applications use compounds. Recycling is modest and usually indirect, for example through recovery or reuse of magnet-containing products rather than elemental strontium recovery.
Found in minerals celestite and strontianite.
Strontium is a trace element in the cosmos, produced mainly by neutron-capture processes in evolved stars and explosive stellar events. It is much less abundant than lighter rock-forming elements but is detectable in stellar spectra. In the solar system it follows calcium and other lithophile elements into silicate minerals, while only minute amounts occur in metallic phases or volatile reservoirs.
- The element is named after Strontian, a village in Scotland where strontianite was identified.
- Strontium salts give a cleaner crimson flame than many mixtures based on lithium or calcium.
- Strontium titanate was once used as a diamond simulant before harder simulants became common.
- Natural ⁸⁷Sr partly derives from the decay of ⁸⁷Rb, making Sr isotope ratios useful as geological clocks.
- Celestine is named for its pale blue color, although strontium compounds themselves are often white.
图片
性质
物理性质
- 原子半径（经验值）
- 200 pm 比较所有元素的原子半径（经验值） →
- 共价半径
- 195 pm 比较所有元素的共价半径 →
- 范德华半径
- 249 pm 比较所有元素的范德华半径 →
- 金属半径
- 191 pm 比较所有元素的金属半径 →
- 密度
- 2640 kg/m³ 比较所有元素的密度 →
- 摩尔体积
- 0.0337 L/mol
- 标准温度和压力下的物相
- 固态 比较所有元素的标准温度和压力下的物相 →
- 熔点
- 776.85 °C 比较所有元素的熔点 →
- 沸点
- 1381.85 °C 比较所有元素的沸点 →
- 比热容
- 0.306 J/(g·K) 比较所有元素的比热容 →
- 摩尔热容
- 26.79 J/(mol·K) 比较所有元素的摩尔热容 →
- 晶体结构
- 面心立方 比较所有元素的晶体结构 →
化学性质
- 电负性（鲍林）
- 0.95 比较所有元素的电负性（鲍林） →
- 电负性（Allen）
- 0.963
- 电子亲和能
- 0.052 eV
- 第一电离能
- 5.694867 eV 比较所有元素的第一电离能 →
- 第二电离能
- 11.030314 eV 比较所有元素的第二电离能 →
- 第三电离能
- 42.883678 eV 比较所有元素的第三电离能 →
- 第四电离能
- 56.280194 eV 比较所有元素的第四电离能 →
- 第五电离能
- 70.700243 eV 比较所有元素的第五电离能 →
- 氧化态
- +1, +2 比较所有元素的氧化态 →
- 价电子
- 2 比较所有元素的价电子 →
- 电子排布
- [Kr] 5s2
热力学性质
- 熔化热
- 0.08602373 eV 比较所有元素的熔化热 →
- 汽化热
- 1.421983 eV 比较所有元素的汽化热 →
- 升华热
- 1.703892 eV
- 原子化热
- 1.703892 eV
- 原子化焓
- 1.699746 eV
核性质
- 质子
- 38 比较所有元素的质子 →
- 中子
- 50 比较所有元素的中子 →
- 已知同位素
- 35 比较所有元素的已知同位素 →
- 稳定同位素
- 4 比较所有元素的稳定同位素 →
- 最稳定同位素
- Sr-88
- 发现年份
- 1792
丰度
- 丰度（地壳）
- 370 mg/kg 比较所有元素的丰度（地壳） →
- 丰度（海洋）
- 7.9 mg/L 比较所有元素的丰度（海洋） →
晶体结构
- 晶格常数a
- 608 pm
电子结构
- 各电子层电子数
- 2, 8, 18, 8, 2 比较所有元素的各电子层电子数 →
标识符
- CAS登记号
- 7440-24-6 比较所有元素的CAS登记号 →
- 谱项符号
- 1S0
- InChI
- InChI=1S/Sr
- InChI Key
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
电子排布 实测值
Sr: 5s²[Kr] 5s²1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ 5s²原子模型
不同同位素的中子数、质量和稳定性不同，但中性原子的电子排布不变。
原子模型示意图，未按比例绘制。
原子指纹
发射 / 吸收光谱
同位素分布
| 质量数 | 原子质量（u） | 天然丰度 | 半衰期 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 84 稳定 | 83.9134191 ± 0.0000013 | 0.5600% | 稳定 |
| 86 稳定 | 85.9092606 ± 0.0000012 | 9.8600% | 稳定 |
| 87 稳定 | 86.9088775 ± 0.0000012 | 7.0000% | 稳定 |
| 88 稳定 | 87.9056125 ± 0.0000012 | 82.5800% | 稳定 |
物相 / 状态
原因: 低于熔点（776.85 °C）751.9 °C
示意图，未按比例绘制
相变点
相变能
在熔点熔化1 mol物质所需的能量
在沸点汽化1 mol物质所需的能量
在升华点升华1 mol物质所需的能量
密度
标准条件下
标准条件下
原子光谱
已显示10项，共38项。 按离子电荷升序排列。
收录谱线 ?
| 离子 | 电荷 | 谱线总数 | 跃迁概率 | 能级标记 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sr I | 0 | 361 | 86 | 361 |
| Sr II | +1 | 135 | 33 | 135 |
| Sr III | +2 | 613 | 0 | 613 |
| Sr IV | +3 | 1183 | 0 | 1183 |
| Sr V | +4 | 625 | 0 | 625 |
| Sr VI | +5 | 57 | 14 | 57 |
| Sr VII | +6 | 30 | 30 | 30 |
| Sr VIII | +7 | 26 | 24 | 26 |
| Sr IX | +8 | 46 | 28 | 46 |
| Sr X | +9 | 54 | 51 | 54 |
收录能级 ?
| 离子 | 电荷 | 能级 |
|---|---|---|
| Sr I | 0 | 380 |
| Sr II | +1 | 72 |
| Sr III | +2 | 150 |
| Sr IV | +3 | 255 |
| Sr V | +4 | 144 |
| Sr VI | +5 | 22 |
| Sr VII | +6 | 20 |
| Sr VIII | +7 | 21 |
| Sr IX | +8 | 31 |
| Sr X | +9 | 47 |
离子半径
| 电荷 | 配位 | 自旋 | 半径 |
|---|---|---|---|
| +2 | 6 | 暂无 | 118 pm |
| +2 | 7 | 暂无 | 121 pm |
| +2 | 8 | 暂无 | 126 pm |
| +2 | 9 | 暂无 | 131 pm |
| +2 | 10 | 暂无 | 136 pm |
| +2 | 12 | 暂无 | 144 pm |
化合物
同位素 (4)
Sixteen other unstable isotopes are known to exist. Of greatest importance is 90Sr with a half-life of 29 years. It is a product of nuclear fallout and presents a health problem. This isotope is one of the best long-lived high-energy beta emitters known, and is used in SNAP (Systems for Nuclear Auxilliary Power) devices. These devices hold promise for use in space vehicles, remote weather stations, navigational buoys, etc., and where a lightweight, long-lived, nuclear-electric power source is needed.
| 质量数 | 原子质量（u） | 天然丰度 | 半衰期 | 衰变方式 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 84 稳定 | 83.9134191 ± 0.0000013 | 0.5600% ± 0.0100% | 稳定 | stable | |
| 86 稳定 | 85.9092606 ± 0.0000012 | 9.8600% ± 0.0100% | 稳定 | stable | |
| 87 稳定 | 86.9088775 ± 0.0000012 | 7.0000% ± 0.0100% | 稳定 | stable | |
| 88 稳定 | 87.9056125 ± 0.0000012 | 82.5800% ± 0.0100% | 稳定 | stable |
谱线
已显示50项，共500项。 默认仅显示具有实测强度的谱线。
| 波长（nm） | 强度 | 电离级 | 类型 | 跃迁 | 准确度 | 来源 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 707.0072 nm | 14000 | Sr I | emission | 5s.5p 3P* → 5s.6s 3S | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 687.83128 nm | 12000 | Sr I | emission | 5s.5p 3P* → 5s.6s 3S | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 679.10198 nm | 7000 | Sr I | emission | 5s.5p 3P* → 5s.6s 3S | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 525.68986 nm | 3400 | Sr I | emission | 5s.4d 3D → 4d.5p 3P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 640.8463 nm | 3100 | Sr I | emission | 5s.4d 3D → 4d.5p 3F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 483.20425 nm | 2900 | Sr I | emission | 5s.5p 3P* → 5s.5d 3D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 548.08638 nm | 2700 | Sr I | emission | 5s.4d 3D → 4d.5p 3D* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 496.2263 nm | 2500 | Sr I | emission | 5s.5p 3P* → 5s.5d 3D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 481.18799 nm | 2300 | Sr I | emission | 5s.5p 3P* → 5p2 3P | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 689.25894 nm | 2300 | Sr I | emission | 5s2 1S → 5s.5p 3P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 650.3992 nm | 2100 | Sr I | emission | 5s.4d 3D → 4d.5p 3F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 523.85479 nm | 2000 | Sr I | emission | 5s.4d 3D → 4d.5p 3P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 550.4181 nm | 2000 | Sr I | emission | 5s.4d 3D → 4d.5p 3D* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 496.5585 nm | 1900 | Sr I | emission | 5s.5p 1P* → 5s.7d 1D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 516.5486 nm | 1800 | Sr I | emission | 5s.5p 1P* → 5s.8s 1S | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 478.43198 nm | 1700 | Sr I | emission | 5s.5p 3P* → 5p2 3P | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 552.1768 nm | 1700 | Sr I | emission | 5s.4d 3D → 4d.5p 3D* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 730.94166 nm | 1700 | Sr I | emission | 5s.4d 1D → 4d.5p 1D* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 472.22769 nm | 1600 | Sr I | emission | 5s.5p 3P* → 5p2 3P | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 474.19221 nm | 1600 | Sr I | emission | 5s.5p 3P* → 5p2 3P | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 478.3782 nm | 1500 | Sr I | emission | 5s.5p 1P* → 5s.9s 1S | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 487.249 nm | 1500 | Sr I | emission | 5s.5p 3P* → 5s.5d 3D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 489.198 nm | 1500 | Sr I | emission | 5s.4d 3D → 5s.4f 3F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 581.67702 nm | 1500 | Sr I | emission | 5s.4d 1D → 4d.5p 3P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 468.8546 nm | 1400 | Sr I | emission | 5s.5p 1P* → 5s.8d 1D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 522.21992 nm | 1400 | Sr I | emission | 5s.4d 3D → 4d.5p 3P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 522.51079 nm | 1400 | Sr I | emission | 5s.4d 3D → 4d.5p 3P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 522.92697 nm | 1400 | Sr I | emission | 5s.4d 3D → 4d.5p 3P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 555.6375 nm | 1400 | Sr I | emission | 5s.5p 1P* → 5s.6d 3D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 634.57265 nm | 1400 | Sr I | emission | 5s.4d 3D → 5s.6p 3P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 655.0244 nm | 1400 | Sr I | emission | 5s.5p 1P* → 4d2 1D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 495.6274 nm | 1300 | Sr I | emission | 5s.5p 1P* → 5s.7d 3D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 638.64581 nm | 1300 | Sr I | emission | 5s.4d 3D → 5s.6p 3P* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 485.50448 nm | 1200 | Sr I | emission | 5s.4d 3D → 5s.4f 3F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 486.87005 nm | 1200 | Sr I | emission | 5s.4d 3D → 5s.4f 3F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 487.60745 nm | 1200 | Sr I | emission | 5s.5p 3P* → 5s.5d 3D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 496.7942 nm | 1200 | Sr I | emission | 5s.5p 3P* → 5s.5d 3D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 559.8159 nm | 1200 | Sr I | emission | 5s.4d 1D → 4d.5p 1F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 458.29879 nm | 1100 | Sr I | emission | 5s.5p 1P* → 5s.10s 1S | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 486.91724 nm | 1100 | Sr I | emission | 5s.4d 3D → 5s.4f 3F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 489.2642 nm | 1100 | Sr I | emission | 5s.4d 3D → 5s.4f 3F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 661.72651 nm | 1100 | Sr I | emission | 5s.4d 3D → 4d.5p 3F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 403.03772 nm | 1000 | Sr I | emission | 5s.5p 3P* → 5s.6d 3D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 443.8043 nm | 1000 | Sr I | emission | 5s.5p 3P* → 5s.7s 3S | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 446.32981 nm | 1000 | Sr I | emission | 5s.5p 1P* → 5s.11s 1S | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 453.2375 nm | 1000 | Sr I | emission | 5s.5p 1P* → 5s.9d 1D | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 471.2151 nm | 1000 | Sr I | emission | 5s.4d 1D → 5s.5f 3F* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 545.08373 nm | 1000 | Sr I | emission | 5s.4d 3D → 4d.5p 3D* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 548.6135 nm | 1000 | Sr I | emission | 5s.4d 3D → 4d.5p 3D* | 实测值 | NIST | |
| 553.4799 nm | 1000 | Sr I | emission | 5s.4d 3D → 4d.5p 3D* | 实测值 | NIST |
扩展性质
共价半径（扩展）
- 共价半径（Pyykkö）
- 185 pm
- 共价半径（Pyykkö，双键）
- 157 pm
- 共价半径（Pyykkö，三键）
- 139 pm
- 共价半径（Bragg）
- 195 pm
范德华半径
- Truhlar
- 249 pm
- Batsanov
- 255 pm
- Alvarez
- 284 pm
- UFF
- 364.1 pm
- MM3
- 300 pm
原子半径与金属半径
- 原子半径（Rahm）
- 279 pm
- 金属半径（C12）
- 215 pm
编号标度
- Mendeleev
- 8
- Pettifor
- 15
- Glawe
- 15
电负性标度
- Ghosh
- 0
- Miedema
- 2
- Gunnarsson–Lundqvist
- 3
- Robles–Bartolotti
- 2
极化率与色散
- 偶极极化率
- 197.2 a.u.
- 偶极极化率（不确定度）
- 0.2 a.u.
- C₆
- 3175 Ha·Bohr6
- C₆ (Gould–Bučko)
- 3230 Ha·Bohr6
Miedema参数
- Miedema摩尔体积
- 33.93 cm3/mol
- Miedema电子密度
- 1
供应风险与经济性
- 生产集中度
- 83
- 相对供应风险
- 9
- 储量分布
- 100
- 政治稳定性（最大生产国）
- 24
- 政治稳定性（最大储量国）
- 24
相变与同素异形体
| 熔点 | 1050.15 K |
| 沸点 | 1650.15 K |
氧化态分类
高级参考数据
屏蔽常数 (9)
| n | 轨道 | σ |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | s | 0.8089 |
| 2 | p | 3.9696 |
| 2 | s | 10.0982 |
| 3 | d | 15.2738 |
| 3 | p | 15.8324 |
| 3 | s | 15.3362 |
| 4 | p | 26.068 |
| 4 | s | 24.5556 |
| 5 | s | 31.9295 |
晶体半径详情 (6)
| 电荷 | CN | 自旋 | rcrystal (pm) | 来源 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | VI | 132 | ||
| 2 | VII | 135 | ||
| 2 | VIII | 140 | ||
| 2 | IX | 145 | ||
| 2 | X | 150 | calculated, | |
| 2 | XII | 158 | calculated, |
同位素衰变方式 (54)
| 同位素 | 模式 | 强度 |
|---|---|---|
| 73 | B+ | 100% |
| 73 | B+p | 63% |
| 74 | B+ | 100% |
| 74 | B+p | — |
| 75 | B+ | 100% |
| 75 | B+p | 5.2% |
| 76 | B+ | 100% |
| 76 | B+p | 3.4% |
| 77 | B+ | 100% |
| 77 | B+p | 0.1% |
X射线散射因子 (508)
| 能量 (eV) | f₁ | f₂ |
|---|---|---|
| 10 | — | 0.17126 |
| 10.1617 | — | 0.1749 |
| 10.3261 | — | 0.17861 |
| 10.4931 | — | 0.1824 |
| 10.6628 | — | 0.18627 |
| 10.8353 | — | 0.19061 |
| 11.0106 | — | 0.19514 |
| 11.1886 | — | 0.19977 |
| 11.3696 | — | 0.2045 |
| 11.5535 | — | 0.20936 |
补充数据
Estimated Crustal Abundance
The estimated element abundance in the earth's crust.
3.70×102 milligrams per kilogram
参考文献 (1)
- [5] Strontium https://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele038.html
Estimated Oceanic Abundance
The estimated element abundance in the earth's oceans.
7.9 milligrams per liter
参考文献 (1)
- [5] Strontium https://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele038.html
Isotopes in Forensic Science and Anthropology
Information on the use of this element's isotopes in forensic science and anthropology.
The isotope-amount ratio n(87Sr)/n(86Sr) is highly variable in rocks, minerals, soils, and waters, and it can be transmitted to plants (Fig. IUPAC.38.1), animals, and manufactured materials. Measurements of n(87Sr)/n(86Sr) ratios are used for forensic applications in food authentication (determining where food came from), archaeology, crime-scene investigation, and human migration [298] B. L. Beard, C. M. Johnson. J. Forensic Sci.45, 1049 (2000)., [299] K. M. Frei, R. Frei. Appl. Geochem.26, 326 (2011)..
参考文献 (4)
- [298] B. L. Beard, C. M. Johnson. J. Forensic Sci.45, 1049 (2000).
- [299] K. M. Frei, R. Frei. Appl. Geochem.26, 326 (2011).
- [300] K. Miller, T. B. Coplen, M. Wieser. “Identification of the geographical origin of exotic wood species using 87Sr/86Sr isotope amount ratios”, in Goldschmidt 22nd Conference, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- [4] IUPAC Periodic Table of the Elements and Isotopes (IPTEI) https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2015-0703
参考文献
(9)
Data deposited in or computed by PubChem
The half-life and atomic mass data was provided by the Atomic Mass Data Center at the International Atomic Energy Agency.
Element data are cited from the Atomic weights of the elements (an IUPAC Technical Report). The IUPAC periodic table of elements can be found at https://iupac.org/what-we-do/periodic-table-of-elements/. Additional information can be found within IUPAC publication doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0703 Copyright © 2020 International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.
The information are cited from Pure Appl. Chem. 2018; 90(12): 1833-2092, https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2015-0703.
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jefferson Lab) is one of 17 national laboratories funded by the U.S. Department of Energy. The lab's primary mission is to conduct basic research of the atom's nucleus using the lab's unique particle accelerator, known as the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF). For more information visit https://www.jlab.org/
The periodic table at the LANL (Los Alamos National Laboratory) contains basic element information together with the history, source, properties, use, handling and more. The provenance data may be found from the link under the source name.
The periodic table contains NIST's critically-evaluated data on atomic properties of the elements. The provenance data that include data for atomic spectroscopy, X-ray and gamma ray, radiation dosimetry, nuclear physics, and condensed matter physics may be found from the link under the source name. Ref: https://www.nist.gov/pml/atomic-spectra-database
This section provides all form of data related to element Strontium.
The element property data was retrieved from publications.