Oganesson (Og)
noble-gasExpected to be a Gas
Standart Atom Ağırlığı
[294]Elektron dizilimi
[Rn] 7s2 7p6 5f14 6d10 (Öngörülen)Erime noktası
Mevcut değilKaynama noktası
-243,15 °CYoğunluk
7000 kg/m³Yükseltgenme basamakları
−1, 0, +1, +2, +4, +6Elektronegatiflik (Pauling)
Mevcut değilİyonlaşma enerjisi (1.)
Mevcut değilKeşif yılı
2006Atom yarıçapı
Mevcut değilAyrıntılar
Oganesson is a synthetic element at the end of period 7 and is placed in group 18 with the noble gases. It has been made only atom by atom in heavy-ion fusion experiments, with the best-established isotope, ²⁹⁴Og, decaying in about a millisecond. Its chemistry has not been observed directly. Relativistic calculations suggest that it may be far less inert than lighter noble gases.
Oganesson does not occur naturally in the Earth’s crust. The name oganesson and symbol Og are the accepted ones for element 118. The name is in line with the tradition of honoring a scientist and recognizes Prof. Yuri Oganessian (Fig. IUPAC.118.1; born 1933) for his pioneering contribution to trans-actinoid element research. His many achievements include the discovery of super-heavy elements and significant advances in the nuclear physics of super-heavy nuclei, including experimental evidence for the “island of stability.”
In 2005, experiments were performed in Dubna’s U-400 cyclotron, where 48Ca bombarded a spinning target of 249Cf at nearly 3×104 km/s to produce oganesson. With the success of creating oganesson, scientists from Livermore and Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) are starting experiments to create element 120 by bombarding a 244Pu target with a beam of 58Fe [680], [681], [682], [683]. Oganesson has no known isotopic applications aside from scientific research.
On October 16, 2006, scientists working at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia, along with scientists from the U.S. Department of Energy's Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, announced the creation of oganesson. They produced oganesson by bombarding atoms of californium-249 with ions of calcium-48. This produced oganesson-294, an isotope with a half-life of about 0.89 milliseconds (0.00089 seconds), and three free neutrons. The californium target was irradiated with a total of 1.6*1019 calcium ions over the course of 1080 hours, resulting in the production of three atoms of oganesson. Oganesson's most stable isotope, oganesson-294, has a half-life of about 0.89 milliseconds. It decays into livermorium-290 through alpha decay.
On Novemer 28th, 2016, element 118 was named Oganesson with the symbol (Og). The name was proposed by the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna (Russia) and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (USA). It honors Professor Yuri Oganessian (born 1933) for his pioneering contributions to transactinoid elements research.
No macroscopic sample of oganesson has ever existed, so its appearance, density, melting point, and boiling point are not experimentally known. Predictions often treat it as a condensed, highly polarizable substance under ordinary conditions, but this remains theoretical.
Oganesson has no practical, commercial, medical, or industrial use. Its value is confined to nuclear research, where a few atoms can test models of superheavy nuclei, alpha decay, spontaneous fission, and the limits of the periodic table. The element cannot be stored or accumulated in useful quantities because its known nuclei decay almost immediately after formation.
Since only a few atoms of oganesson have ever been produced, it currently has no uses outside of basic scientific research.
No compound of oganesson has been experimentally prepared or characterized. Its possible chemistry is inferred from relativistic quantum calculations, which predict unusually strong spin-orbit effects and high polarizability for a group 18 element. Hypothetical species such as oganesson difluoride (OgF₂), oganesson tetrafluoride (OgF₄), and oxides have been discussed, but their stability, structures, and oxidation states are not established by experiment.
See more information at the Oganesson compound page.
The immediate hazard of oganesson is radiological rather than chemical. Known atoms decay by alpha emission and through radioactive daughter nuclei on extremely short timescales. Because only a few atoms are produced in shielded accelerator targets, ordinary chemical exposure is not a realistic scenario. Target materials and reaction products require standard controls for radioactive heavy-element experiments.
Oganesson has no confirmed natural occurrence and no known environmental cycle. Any atoms made in laboratories decay long before they could disperse as a chemical contaminant. Environmental considerations are therefore associated with accelerator operations, irradiated targets, and radioactive residues, not with persistent oganesson itself.
Oganesson has no commodity market, no industrial supply chain, and no recoverable stock. It is produced only in specialized nuclear laboratories by bombarding rare actinide targets, notably californium-249 (²⁴⁹Cf), with calcium-48 (⁴⁸Ca) ions. Production depends on scarce target isotopes, long accelerator runs, and detection of individual decay chains. Substitution and recycling are not meaningful concepts for the element itself.
Made by bombarding californium-249 with calcium-48.
Oganesson is not expected to be a persistent cosmic element because its known nuclei are far too unstable. Superheavy nuclei may be formed transiently in extreme nucleosynthetic environments, but no natural or extraterrestrial oganesson has been confirmed. Its relevance to astrophysics is mainly through theoretical work on nuclear stability at very high atomic number.
- Oganesson is the heaviest element with an officially approved name.
- Its placement under radon does not mean its chemistry is known to resemble radon closely.
- The name honors nuclear physicist Yuri Oganessian.
- Individual oganesson atoms are identified through correlated decay chains, not by weighing or isolating the element.
- Relativistic effects are expected to be central to any real oganesson chemistry.
Görseller
Özellikler
Fiziksel
- Yoğunluk
- 7000 kg/m³ Tüm elementlerin Yoğunluk değerlerini karşılaştır →
- STP'deki faz
- Gaz Tüm elementlerin STP'deki faz değerlerini karşılaştır →
- Kaynama noktası
- -243,15 °C Tüm elementlerin Kaynama noktası değerlerini karşılaştır →
Kimyasal
- Elektron ilgisi
- 0,056 eV
- Yükseltgenme basamakları
- −1, 0, +1, +2, +4, +6 Tüm elementlerin Yükseltgenme basamakları değerlerini karşılaştır →
- Değerlik elektronları
- 8 Tüm elementlerin Değerlik elektronları değerlerini karşılaştır →
- Elektron dizilimi
- [Rn] 7s2 7p6 5f14 6d10 (Öngörülen)
Termodinamik
Mevcut değil
Nükleer
- Protonlar
- 118 Tüm elementlerin Protonlar değerlerini karşılaştır →
- Nötronlar
- 175 Tüm elementlerin Nötronlar değerlerini karşılaştır →
- Bilinen izotoplar
- 2 Tüm elementlerin Bilinen izotoplar değerlerini karşılaştır →
- Kararlı izotoplar
- 0 Tüm elementlerin Kararlı izotoplar değerlerini karşılaştır →
- Kütle numarası (en kararlı)
- 294
- En kararlı izotop
- Og-293
- Keşif yılı
- 2006
Bolluk
Mevcut değil
Kristal Yapı
Mevcut değil
Elektronik Yapı
- Kabuk başına elektron sayısı
- 14, 10, 8 Tüm elementlerin Kabuk başına elektron sayısı değerlerini karşılaştır →
Tanımlayıcılar
- CAS numarası
- 54144-19-3 Tüm elementlerin CAS numarası değerlerini karşılaştır →
- InChI
- InChI=1S/Og
- InChI Anahtarı
- GOANEQIZDYDFCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Elektron Dizilimi Öngörülen
——Bu iyon için elektron dizilimi verileri mevcut değil.
Atom modeli
İzotoplar nötron sayısını, kütleyi ve kararlılığı değiştirir; nötr bir atomun elektron dizilimini değiştirmez.
Mevcut değil
Şematik atom modeli, ölçekli değildir.
Atomik Parmak İzi
Emisyon / Soğurma Spektrumu
İzotop Dağılımı
Kararlı izotop yok.
| Kütle numarası | Atom kütlesi (u) | Doğal bolluk | Yarı ömür |
|---|---|---|---|
| 293 Radyoaktif | 293,21356 ± 0,00078 | Mevcut değil | 1 ms |
| 294 Radyoaktif | 294,21392 ± 0,00071 | Mevcut değil | 0.7 ms |
Faz / Hâl
Neden: kaynama noktasının (-243,15 °C) 268,1 °C üzerinde
Şematik, ölçekli değil
Faz geçiş noktaları
Yoğunluk
Standart koşullarda
Mevcut T değerinde ideal gaz yasasıyla tahmin edilmiştir
Katı faz için kristal yapı verileri mevcut değil
İzotoplar (2)
| Kütle numarası | Atom kütlesi (u) | Doğal bolluk | Yarı ömür | Bozunma türü | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 293 Radyoaktif | 293,21356 ± 0,00078 | Mevcut değil | 1 ms | α ? | |
| 294 Radyoaktif | 294,21392 ± 0,00071 | Mevcut değil | 0.7 ms | α ≈100%SF ? |
Genişletilmiş Özellikler
Kovalent Yarıçaplar (Genişletilmiş)
- Kovalent yarıçap (Pyykkö)
- 157 pm
Numaralandırma Ölçekleri
- Mendeleev
- 118
Kutuplanabilirlik ve Dispersiyon
- Dipol kutuplanabilirliği
- 58 a.u.
- Dipol kutuplanabilirliği (belirsizlik)
- 6 a.u.
Soy Gaz Özellikleri
Yükseltgenme Basamağı Kategorileri
İleri Düzey Referans Verileri
İzotop Bozunma Türleri (3)
| İzotop | Mod | Şiddet |
|---|---|---|
| 293 | A | — |
| 294 | A | 100% |
| 294 | SF | — |
Ek Veriler
Estimated Crustal Abundance
The estimated element abundance in the earth's crust.
Not Applicable
Kaynaklar (1)
- [5] Oganesson https://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele118.html
Estimated Oceanic Abundance
The estimated element abundance in the earth's oceans.
Not Applicable
Kaynaklar (1)
- [5] Oganesson https://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele118.html
Kaynaklar
(8)
Data deposited in or computed by PubChem
The half-life and atomic mass data was provided by the Atomic Mass Data Center at the International Atomic Energy Agency.
Element data are cited from the Atomic weights of the elements (an IUPAC Technical Report). The IUPAC periodic table of elements can be found at https://iupac.org/what-we-do/periodic-table-of-elements/. Additional information can be found within IUPAC publication doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0703 Copyright © 2020 International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.
The information are cited from Pure Appl. Chem. 2018; 90(12): 1833-2092, https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2015-0703.
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jefferson Lab) is one of 17 national laboratories funded by the U.S. Department of Energy. The lab's primary mission is to conduct basic research of the atom's nucleus using the lab's unique particle accelerator, known as the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF). For more information visit https://www.jlab.org/
The periodic table at the LANL (Los Alamos National Laboratory) contains basic element information together with the history, source, properties, use, handling and more. The provenance data may be found from the link under the source name.
The periodic table contains NIST's critically-evaluated data on atomic properties of the elements.
This section provides all form of data related to element Oganesson.