Tennessine (Ts)
halogenExpected to be a Solid
Standart Atom Ağırlığı
[294]Elektron dizilimi
[Rn] 7s2 7p5 5f14 6d10 (Öngörülen)Erime noktası
549,85 °CKaynama noktası
609,85 °CYoğunluk
7200 kg/m³Yükseltgenme basamakları
−1, +1, +3, +5Elektronegatiflik (Pauling)
Mevcut değilİyonlaşma enerjisi (1.)
Mevcut değilKeşif yılı
2010Atom yarıçapı
138 pmAyrıntılar
Tennessine is a synthetic superheavy element in group 17, below astatine. It has been identified only through decay chains from a few individual atoms, chiefly isotopes such as ²⁹³Ts and ²⁹⁴Ts. Although it is placed among the halogens, relativistic effects are expected to make its chemistry less typical than that of iodine or astatine. No natural reservoir or macroscopic sample is known.
Tennessine does not occur naturally in the Earth’s crust. The name tennessine and the symbol Ts, are the accepted ones for element 117. The name is in recognition of the contribution of the Tennessee region, including Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Vanderbilt University, and the University of Tennessee at Knoxville, to super-heavy element research, including the production and chemical separation of unique actinide target materials for super-heavy element synthesis at ORNL’s High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) and Radiochemical Engineering Development Center (REDC) [676], [677], [678], [679].
In 2009, two isotopes, 293Ts and 294Ts were synthesized from the bombardment of 48Ca ions with 249Bk nuclei (Fig. IUPAC.117.1) in the Dubna gas filled recoil separator and the heavy ion cyclotron U-400. Tennessine has no known isotopic applications aside from scientific research.
On April 5, 2010, scientists working at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia, along with scientists from the U.S. Department of Energy's Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and Oak Ridge National Laboratory, announced the creation of tennessine. They produced tennessine by bombarding atoms of berkelium-249 with ions of calcium-48. Tennessine's most stable isotope, tennessine-294, has a half-life of about 80 milliseconds. It decays into moscovium-290 through alpha decay.
On Novemer 28th, 2016 element 117 was named Tennessine with the symbol (Ts). The Tennessee region of the United States is home to Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Vanderbilt University, and the University of Tennessee at Knoxville, all of which contributed to superheavy element research.
The appearance of elemental tennessine is unknown. No visible or weighable sample has been made, and its shortest-lived observed isotopes decay far too quickly for ordinary physical examination. Any description of color, luster, density, or melting behavior is theoretical.
Tennessine has no practical use outside nuclear research. Its production has served to test models of superheavy nuclei, decay chains, and the stability of very heavy elements near the predicted island of stability. Experiments involving tennessine require specialized accelerators and rare target materials; the atoms produced are detected by their radioactive decay, not collected for application.
Since only a few atoms of tennessine have ever been produced, it currently has no uses outside of basic scientific research.
No tennessine compound has been isolated or chemically characterized in bulk. Calculations treat tennessine as a very heavy halogen with accessible -1 and positive oxidation states, but with strong relativistic modifications. Predicted species include the Ts⁻ ion, hydrogen tennesside (HTs), tennessine monofluoride (TsF), and higher fluorides such as tennessine trifluoride (TsF₃), though these remain unconfirmed experimentally. The +7 state is generally expected to be less favored than in lighter halogens.
See more information at the Tennessine compound page.
The safety properties of tennessine are dominated by intense radioactivity at the atom scale rather than by known chemical toxicity. Observed isotopes have half-lives measured in milliseconds, so they decay before any normal handling of material is possible. Experiments are conducted in shielded accelerator facilities with controls for heavy-ion beams, radioactive targets, and decay products.
Tennessine has no confirmed natural occurrence and no known environmental cycle. Any atoms formed naturally, if at all, would decay rapidly and would not accumulate in air, water, soil, or living systems. Environmental considerations are therefore limited to controlled laboratory work with accelerator targets, reaction products, and radioactive residues.
Tennessine has no commodity market, industrial supply chain, or commercial demand. It is produced atom by atom by heavy-ion fusion, notably by bombarding ²⁴⁹Bk targets with ⁴⁸Ca ions. The limiting factors are accelerator time, detector capability, and the scarcity of suitable berkelium target material. Recycling in the usual industrial sense is not relevant; unused or residual target material may be recovered within research programs.
Made by bombarding berkelium-249 with calcium-48.
Tennessine is not expected to have any lasting cosmic abundance. Nuclei with this proton number, if produced in extreme nucleosynthetic events, would decay rapidly compared with astronomical timescales. It is absent from normal planetary chemistry and is known only as a human-made superheavy element.
- Tennessine was named for the U.S. state of Tennessee, reflecting contributions from laboratories and institutions there.
- Its confirmed atoms have been identified through correlated alpha decays and spontaneous fission events.
- Only a few atoms are needed for discovery-level evidence in superheavy-element work.
- The element sits below astatine, itself one of the rarest naturally occurring elements.
- Tennessine chemistry has not yet been tested by direct chemical separation experiments.
- Its symbol, Ts, was assigned after the element name was approved.
Görseller
Özellikler
Fiziksel
- Atom yarıçapı (ampirik)
- 138 pm Tüm elementlerin Atom yarıçapı (ampirik) değerlerini karşılaştır →
- Yoğunluk
- 7200 kg/m³ Tüm elementlerin Yoğunluk değerlerini karşılaştır →
- STP'deki faz
- Katı Tüm elementlerin STP'deki faz değerlerini karşılaştır →
- Erime noktası
- 549,85 °C Tüm elementlerin Erime noktası değerlerini karşılaştır →
- Kaynama noktası
- 609,85 °C Tüm elementlerin Kaynama noktası değerlerini karşılaştır →
Kimyasal
- Elektron ilgisi
- 1,8 eV
- Yükseltgenme basamakları
- −1, +1, +3, +5 Tüm elementlerin Yükseltgenme basamakları değerlerini karşılaştır →
- Değerlik elektronları
- 7 Tüm elementlerin Değerlik elektronları değerlerini karşılaştır →
- Elektron dizilimi
- [Rn] 7s2 7p5 5f14 6d10 (Öngörülen)
Termodinamik
Mevcut değil
Nükleer
- Protonlar
- 117 Tüm elementlerin Protonlar değerlerini karşılaştır →
- Nötronlar
- 177 Tüm elementlerin Nötronlar değerlerini karşılaştır →
- Bilinen izotoplar
- 4 Tüm elementlerin Bilinen izotoplar değerlerini karşılaştır →
- Kararlı izotoplar
- 0 Tüm elementlerin Kararlı izotoplar değerlerini karşılaştır →
- Kütle numarası (en kararlı)
- 294
- En kararlı izotop
- Ts-294
- Keşif yılı
- 2010
Bolluk
Mevcut değil
Kristal Yapı
Mevcut değil
Elektronik Yapı
- Kabuk başına elektron sayısı
- 14, 10, 7 Tüm elementlerin Kabuk başına elektron sayısı değerlerini karşılaştır →
Tanımlayıcılar
- CAS numarası
- 87658-56-8 Tüm elementlerin CAS numarası değerlerini karşılaştır →
- InChI
- InChI=1S/Ts
- InChI Anahtarı
- INMSAURDCVBGHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Elektron Dizilimi Öngörülen
——Bu iyon için elektron dizilimi verileri mevcut değil.
Atom modeli
İzotoplar nötron sayısını, kütleyi ve kararlılığı değiştirir; nötr bir atomun elektron dizilimini değiştirmez.
Mevcut değil
Şematik atom modeli, ölçekli değildir.
Atomik Parmak İzi
Emisyon / Soğurma Spektrumu
İzotop Dağılımı
Kararlı izotop yok.
| Kütle numarası | Atom kütlesi (u) | Doğal bolluk | Yarı ömür |
|---|---|---|---|
| 291 Radyoaktif | 291,20553 ± 0,00068 | Mevcut değil | 2 ms |
| 292 Radyoaktif | 292,20746 ± 0,00075 | Mevcut değil | 10 ms |
| 293 Radyoaktif | 293,20824 ± 0,00089 | Mevcut değil | 25 ms |
| 294 Radyoaktif | 294,21046 ± 0,00074 | Mevcut değil | 70 ms |
Faz / Hâl
Neden: erime noktasının (549,85 °C) 524,9 °C altında
Şematik, ölçekli değil
Faz geçiş noktaları
Yoğunluk
Standart koşullarda
Standart koşullarda
Kristal yapı verileri mevcut değil
İzotoplar (4)
| Kütle numarası | Atom kütlesi (u) | Doğal bolluk | Yarı ömür | Bozunma türü | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 291 Radyoaktif | 291,20553 ± 0,00068 | Mevcut değil | 2 ms | α ?SF ? | |
| 292 Radyoaktif | 292,20746 ± 0,00075 | Mevcut değil | 10 ms | α ?SF ? | |
| 293 Radyoaktif | 293,20824 ± 0,00089 | Mevcut değil | 25 ms | α =100% | |
| 294 Radyoaktif | 294,21046 ± 0,00074 | Mevcut değil | 70 ms | α =100% |
Genişletilmiş Özellikler
Kovalent Yarıçaplar (Genişletilmiş)
- Kovalent yarıçap (Pyykkö)
- 165 pm
Numaralandırma Ölçekleri
- Mendeleev
- 111
Kutuplanabilirlik ve Dispersiyon
- Dipol kutuplanabilirliği
- 76 a.u.
- Dipol kutuplanabilirliği (belirsizlik)
- 15 a.u.
Yükseltgenme Basamağı Kategorileri
İleri Düzey Referans Verileri
İzotop Bozunma Türleri (6)
| İzotop | Mod | Şiddet |
|---|---|---|
| 291 | A | — |
| 291 | SF | — |
| 292 | A | — |
| 292 | SF | — |
| 293 | A | 100% |
| 294 | A | 100% |
Ek Veriler
Estimated Crustal Abundance
The estimated element abundance in the earth's crust.
Not Applicable
Kaynaklar (1)
- [5] Tennessine https://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele117.html
Estimated Oceanic Abundance
The estimated element abundance in the earth's oceans.
Not Applicable
Kaynaklar (1)
- [5] Tennessine https://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele117.html
Kaynaklar
(8)
Data deposited in or computed by PubChem
The half-life and atomic mass data was provided by the Atomic Mass Data Center at the International Atomic Energy Agency.
Element data are cited from the Atomic weights of the elements (an IUPAC Technical Report). The IUPAC periodic table of elements can be found at https://iupac.org/what-we-do/periodic-table-of-elements/. Additional information can be found within IUPAC publication doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0703 Copyright © 2020 International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.
The information are cited from Pure Appl. Chem. 2018; 90(12): 1833-2092, https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2015-0703.
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jefferson Lab) is one of 17 national laboratories funded by the U.S. Department of Energy. The lab's primary mission is to conduct basic research of the atom's nucleus using the lab's unique particle accelerator, known as the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF). For more information visit https://www.jlab.org/
The periodic table at the LANL (Los Alamos National Laboratory) contains basic element information together with the history, source, properties, use, handling and more. The provenance data may be found from the link under the source name.
The periodic table contains NIST's critically-evaluated data on atomic properties of the elements.
This section provides all form of data related to element Tennessine.