Tennessine (Ts)
halogenExpected to be a Solid
Peso atômico padrão
[294]Configuração eletrônica
[Rn] 7s2 7p5 5f14 6d10 (Previsto)Ponto de fusão
549,85 °CPonto de ebulição
609,85 °CDensidade
7200 kg/m³Estados de oxidação
−1, +1, +3, +5Eletronegatividade (Pauling)
N/DEnergia de ionização (1ª)
N/DAno da descoberta
2010Raio atômico
138 pmDetalhes
Tennessine is a synthetic superheavy element in group 17, below astatine. It has been identified only through decay chains from a few individual atoms, chiefly isotopes such as ²⁹³Ts and ²⁹⁴Ts. Although it is placed among the halogens, relativistic effects are expected to make its chemistry less typical than that of iodine or astatine. No natural reservoir or macroscopic sample is known.
Tennessine does not occur naturally in the Earth’s crust. The name tennessine and the symbol Ts, are the accepted ones for element 117. The name is in recognition of the contribution of the Tennessee region, including Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Vanderbilt University, and the University of Tennessee at Knoxville, to super-heavy element research, including the production and chemical separation of unique actinide target materials for super-heavy element synthesis at ORNL’s High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) and Radiochemical Engineering Development Center (REDC) [676], [677], [678], [679].
In 2009, two isotopes, 293Ts and 294Ts were synthesized from the bombardment of 48Ca ions with 249Bk nuclei (Fig. IUPAC.117.1) in the Dubna gas filled recoil separator and the heavy ion cyclotron U-400. Tennessine has no known isotopic applications aside from scientific research.
On April 5, 2010, scientists working at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia, along with scientists from the U.S. Department of Energy's Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and Oak Ridge National Laboratory, announced the creation of tennessine. They produced tennessine by bombarding atoms of berkelium-249 with ions of calcium-48. Tennessine's most stable isotope, tennessine-294, has a half-life of about 80 milliseconds. It decays into moscovium-290 through alpha decay.
On Novemer 28th, 2016 element 117 was named Tennessine with the symbol (Ts). The Tennessee region of the United States is home to Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Vanderbilt University, and the University of Tennessee at Knoxville, all of which contributed to superheavy element research.
The appearance of elemental tennessine is unknown. No visible or weighable sample has been made, and its shortest-lived observed isotopes decay far too quickly for ordinary physical examination. Any description of color, luster, density, or melting behavior is theoretical.
Tennessine has no practical use outside nuclear research. Its production has served to test models of superheavy nuclei, decay chains, and the stability of very heavy elements near the predicted island of stability. Experiments involving tennessine require specialized accelerators and rare target materials; the atoms produced are detected by their radioactive decay, not collected for application.
Since only a few atoms of tennessine have ever been produced, it currently has no uses outside of basic scientific research.
No tennessine compound has been isolated or chemically characterized in bulk. Calculations treat tennessine as a very heavy halogen with accessible -1 and positive oxidation states, but with strong relativistic modifications. Predicted species include the Ts⁻ ion, hydrogen tennesside (HTs), tennessine monofluoride (TsF), and higher fluorides such as tennessine trifluoride (TsF₃), though these remain unconfirmed experimentally. The +7 state is generally expected to be less favored than in lighter halogens.
See more information at the Tennessine compound page.
The safety properties of tennessine are dominated by intense radioactivity at the atom scale rather than by known chemical toxicity. Observed isotopes have half-lives measured in milliseconds, so they decay before any normal handling of material is possible. Experiments are conducted in shielded accelerator facilities with controls for heavy-ion beams, radioactive targets, and decay products.
Tennessine has no confirmed natural occurrence and no known environmental cycle. Any atoms formed naturally, if at all, would decay rapidly and would not accumulate in air, water, soil, or living systems. Environmental considerations are therefore limited to controlled laboratory work with accelerator targets, reaction products, and radioactive residues.
Tennessine has no commodity market, industrial supply chain, or commercial demand. It is produced atom by atom by heavy-ion fusion, notably by bombarding ²⁴⁹Bk targets with ⁴⁸Ca ions. The limiting factors are accelerator time, detector capability, and the scarcity of suitable berkelium target material. Recycling in the usual industrial sense is not relevant; unused or residual target material may be recovered within research programs.
Made by bombarding berkelium-249 with calcium-48.
Tennessine is not expected to have any lasting cosmic abundance. Nuclei with this proton number, if produced in extreme nucleosynthetic events, would decay rapidly compared with astronomical timescales. It is absent from normal planetary chemistry and is known only as a human-made superheavy element.
- Tennessine was named for the U.S. state of Tennessee, reflecting contributions from laboratories and institutions there.
- Its confirmed atoms have been identified through correlated alpha decays and spontaneous fission events.
- Only a few atoms are needed for discovery-level evidence in superheavy-element work.
- The element sits below astatine, itself one of the rarest naturally occurring elements.
- Tennessine chemistry has not yet been tested by direct chemical separation experiments.
- Its symbol, Ts, was assigned after the element name was approved.
Imagens
Propriedades
Física
- Raio atômico (empírico)
- 138 pm Comparar Raio atômico (empírico) de todos os elementos →
- Densidade
- 7200 kg/m³ Comparar Densidade de todos os elementos →
- Fase nas CNTP
- Sólido Comparar Fase nas CNTP de todos os elementos →
- Ponto de fusão
- 549,85 °C Comparar Ponto de fusão de todos os elementos →
- Ponto de ebulição
- 609,85 °C Comparar Ponto de ebulição de todos os elementos →
Química
- Afinidade eletrônica
- 1,8 eV
- Estados de oxidação
- −1, +1, +3, +5 Comparar Estados de oxidação de todos os elementos →
- Elétrons de valência
- 7 Comparar Elétrons de valência de todos os elementos →
- Configuração eletrônica
- [Rn] 7s2 7p5 5f14 6d10 (Previsto)
Termodinâmica
N/D
Nuclear
- Prótons
- 117 Comparar Prótons de todos os elementos →
- Nêutrons
- 177 Comparar Nêutrons de todos os elementos →
- Isótopos conhecidos
- 4 Comparar Isótopos conhecidos de todos os elementos →
- Isótopos estáveis
- 0 Comparar Isótopos estáveis de todos os elementos →
- Número de massa (mais estável)
- 294
- Isótopo mais estável
- Ts-294
- Ano da descoberta
- 2010
Abundância
N/D
Estrutura cristalina
N/D
Estrutura eletrônica
- Elétrons por camada
- 14, 10, 7 Comparar Elétrons por camada de todos os elementos →
Identificadores
- Número CAS
- 87658-56-8 Comparar Número CAS de todos os elementos →
- InChI
- InChI=1S/Ts
- Chave InChI
- INMSAURDCVBGHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Configuração eletrônica Previsto
——Dados de configuração eletrônica indisponíveis para este íon.
Modelo atômico
Os isótopos alteram o número de nêutrons, a massa e a estabilidade — não a configuração eletrônica de um átomo neutro.
N/D
Modelo atômico esquemático, sem escala.
Assinatura atômica
Espectro de emissão / absorção
Distribuição isotópica
Sem isótopos estáveis.
| Número de massa | Massa atômica (u) | Abundância natural | Meia-vida |
|---|---|---|---|
| 291 Radioativo | 291,20553 ± 0,00068 | N/D | 2 ms |
| 292 Radioativo | 292,20746 ± 0,00075 | N/D | 10 ms |
| 293 Radioativo | 293,20824 ± 0,00089 | N/D | 25 ms |
| 294 Radioativo | 294,21046 ± 0,00074 | N/D | 70 ms |
Fase / Estado
Motivo: 524,9 °C abaixo do ponto de fusão (549,85 °C)
Esquemático, sem escala
Pontos de transição de fase
Densidade
Em condições padrão
Em condições padrão
Dados de estrutura cristalina indisponíveis
Isótopos (4)
| Número de massa | Massa atômica (u) | Abundância natural | Meia-vida | Modo de decaimento | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 291 Radioativo | 291,20553 ± 0,00068 | N/D | 2 ms | α ?SF ? | |
| 292 Radioativo | 292,20746 ± 0,00075 | N/D | 10 ms | α ?SF ? | |
| 293 Radioativo | 293,20824 ± 0,00089 | N/D | 25 ms | α =100% | |
| 294 Radioativo | 294,21046 ± 0,00074 | N/D | 70 ms | α =100% |
Propriedades ampliadas
Raios covalentes (dados ampliados)
- Raio covalente (Pyykkö)
- 165 pm
Escalas de numeração
- Mendeleev
- 111
Polarizabilidade e dispersão
- Polarizabilidade dipolar
- 76 a.u.
- Polarizabilidade dipolar (incerteza)
- 15 a.u.
Categorias de estados de oxidação
Dados de referência avançados
Modos de decaimento dos isótopos (6)
| Isótopo | Modo | Intensidade |
|---|---|---|
| 291 | A | — |
| 291 | SF | — |
| 292 | A | — |
| 292 | SF | — |
| 293 | A | 100% |
| 294 | A | 100% |
Dados adicionais
Estimated Crustal Abundance
The estimated element abundance in the earth's crust.
Not Applicable
Referências (1)
- [5] Tennessine https://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele117.html
Estimated Oceanic Abundance
The estimated element abundance in the earth's oceans.
Not Applicable
Referências (1)
- [5] Tennessine https://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele117.html
Referências
(8)
Data deposited in or computed by PubChem
The half-life and atomic mass data was provided by the Atomic Mass Data Center at the International Atomic Energy Agency.
Element data are cited from the Atomic weights of the elements (an IUPAC Technical Report). The IUPAC periodic table of elements can be found at https://iupac.org/what-we-do/periodic-table-of-elements/. Additional information can be found within IUPAC publication doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0703 Copyright © 2020 International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.
The information are cited from Pure Appl. Chem. 2018; 90(12): 1833-2092, https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2015-0703.
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jefferson Lab) is one of 17 national laboratories funded by the U.S. Department of Energy. The lab's primary mission is to conduct basic research of the atom's nucleus using the lab's unique particle accelerator, known as the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF). For more information visit https://www.jlab.org/
The periodic table at the LANL (Los Alamos National Laboratory) contains basic element information together with the history, source, properties, use, handling and more. The provenance data may be found from the link under the source name.
The periodic table contains NIST's critically-evaluated data on atomic properties of the elements.
This section provides all form of data related to element Tennessine.