Boron (B)
metalloidSolid
표준 원자량
10.81 u [10.806, 10.821]전자 배치
[He] 2s2 2p1녹는점
2074.85 °C끓는점
3999.85 °C밀도
2370 kg/m³산화 상태
−5, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3전기 음성도(Pauling)
2.04제1 이온화 에너지
8.298019 eV발견 연도
1808원자 반지름
85 pm상세 정보
Boron is a light metalloid in group 13, notable for electron-deficient bonding and a rich cluster chemistry. It occurs naturally only in compounds, mainly as borates in evaporite minerals and brines. Elemental boron is difficult to prepare in high purity and has several allotropes built from B₁₂ icosahedra. Technologically, boron is most important through borate minerals, borosilicate glass, detergents, ceramics, fertilizers, and neutron-absorbing materials.
An element of group 13 of the periodic table. There are two allotropes, amorphous boron is a brown power, but metallic boron is black. The metallic form is hard (9.3 on Mohs' scale) and a bad conductor in room temperatures. It is never found free in nature. Boron-10 is used in nuclear reactor control rods and shields. It was discovered in 1808 by Sir Humphry Davy and by J.L. Gay-Lussac and L.J. Thenard.
The name derives from the Arabic buraq for "white". Although its compounds were known for thousands of years, it was not isolated until 1808 by the French chemists Louis-Joseph Gay-Lussac and Louis-Jacques Thenard.
Boron was discovered by Joseph-Louis Gay-Lussac and Louis-Jaques Thénard, French chemists, and independently by Sir Humphry Davy, an English chemist, in 1808. They all isolated boron by combining boric acid (H3BO3) with potassium. Today, boron is obtained by heating borax (Na2B4O7·10H2O) with carbon, although other methods are used if high-purity boron is required.
From the Arabic word Buraq, Persian Burah. Boron compounds have been known for thousands of years, but the element was not discovered until 1808 by Sir Humphry Davy and by Gay-Lussac and Thenard.
Pure boron is usually encountered as a dark brown to black, hard, brittle solid with a semiconducting character. Amorphous boron is a powder, while crystalline allotropes have a dark, lustrous appearance; their properties depend strongly on purity and structure.
Most boron use is in compounds rather than the free element. Borates are used in glass fiber insulation, borosilicate glass, enamels, ceramics, detergents, flame retardants, and micronutrient fertilizers. Boron carbide, B₄C, is used in armor, abrasives, and control rods because it is very hard and absorbs neutrons. Elemental boron is used in small amounts in specialty alloys, pyrotechnic compositions, and semiconductor work. The isotope ¹⁰B is important in neutron detection, reactor control, and boron neutron capture therapy research and applications.
Boron is used in pyrotechnics and flares to produce a green color. Boron has also been used in some rockets as an ignition source. Boron-10, one of the naturally occurring isotopes of boron, is a good absorber of neutrons and is used in the control rods of nuclear reactors, as a radiation shield and as a neutron detector. Boron filaments are used in the aerospace industry because of their high-strength and lightweight.
Boron forms several commercially important compounds. The most important boron compound is sodium borate pentahydrate (Na2B4O7·5H2O). Large amounts of this compound are used in the manufacture of fiberglass insulation and sodium perborate bleach. The second most important compound is boric acid (H3BO3), which is used to manufacture textile fiberglass and is used in cellulose insulation as a flame retardant. Sodium borate decahydrate (Na2B4O7·10H2O), better known as borax, is the third most important boron compound. Borax is used in laundry products and as a mild antiseptic. Borax is also a key ingredient in a substance known as Oobleck, a strange material 6th grade students experiment with while participating in Jefferson Lab's BEAMS program. Other boron compounds are used to make borosilicate glasses, enamels for covering steel and as a potential medicine for treating arthritis.
Amorphous boron is used in pyrotechnic flares to provide a distinctive green color, and in rockets as an igniter.
By far the most commercially important boron compound in terms of dollar sales is Na2B4O7 • 5H2O. This pentahydrate is used in very large quantities in the manufacture of insulation fiberglass and sodium perborate bleach.
Boric acid is also an important boron compound with major markets in textile products. Use of borax as a mild antiseptic is minor in economical terms. Boron compounds are also extensively used in the manufacture of borosilicate glasses. Other boron compounds show promise in treating arthritis.
The isotope boron-10 is used as a control for nuclear reactors, as a shield for nuclear radiation, and in instruments used for detecting neutrons. Boron nitride has remarkable properties and can be used to make a material as hard as diamond. The nitride also behaves like an electrical insulator but conducts heat like a metal.
Boron also has lubricating properties similar to graphite. The hydrides are easily oxidized with considerable energy liberation, and have been studied for use as rocket fuels. Demand is increasing for boron filaments, a high-strength, lightweight material chiefly employed for advanced aerospace structures.
Boron is similar to carbon in that it has a capacity to form stable covalently bonded molecular networks. Carbonates, metalloboranes, phosphacarboranes, and other families comprise thousands of compounds.
Isotopes in Earth/Planetary Science
Molecules, atoms, and ions of the stable isotopes of boron possess slightly different physical and chemical properties, and they commonly will be fractionated during physical, chemical, and biological processes, giving rise to variations in isotopic abundances and in atomic weights. Natural terrestrial materials show a substantial variation in boron isotopic abundance (Fig. IUPAC.5.1). The relative abundances of 10B and 11B have been used in a variety of environmental tracer applications [51] A. Vengosh, K. G. Heumann, S. Jaraske, R. Kasher. Environ. Sci. Technol.28, 1968 (1994)., [52] A. Vengosh. Biol. Trace Elem. Res.66, 145 (1998).. The isotope-amount ratio n(11B)/n(10B) of boron in a water sample depends on the source of the water and region through which the water flows, and it may also be affected by some types of contamination, such as dissolved borate in domestic wastewater. Different water sources may have their own distinct boron isotopic composition, e.g. seawater versus water from continental sources (Fig. IUPAC.5.1).
Isotopes in Industry
The large value of the absorption cross section of 10B for thermal neutrons makes this isotope useful for counting neutrons. 10B is being studied as a potential replacement for 3He in radiation detectors [32] G. V. Jean. Advancing Hidden Nuclear Material Detection, National Defense Industrial Association (2014), Feb. 28; http://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/archive/2010/December/Pages/AdvancingHiddenNuclearMaterialDetection.aspx., [53] L. Foulke. Director of Nuclear Education Outreach, University of Pittsburgh. Introduction to Reactivity and Reactor Control, IAEA Workshop on Desktop Simulation (2014), Feb. 22; http://www.iaea.org/NuclearPower/Downloadable/Meetings/2011/2011-10-03-10-14-WS-NPTD/Foulke.1-Introduction.Reactivity.pdf., [54] P. Frame. Boron Trifluoride (BF3) Neutron Detectors, Oak Ridge Associated Universities (2014), Feb. 22; http://www.orau.org/PTP/collection/proportional%20counters/bf3info.htm.. The large thermal absorption cross section of 10B makes the isotope useful in control rods (Fig. IUPAC.5.2) [55] United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Pressurized Water Reactors, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (2014), Feb. 22; http://www.nrc.gov/reactors/pwrs.html..
Isotopes in Medicine
10B has a high thermal neutron absorption cross section and can readily absorb neutrons via the reaction 10B+n→ 7Li+α. The alpha particles resulting from this reaction carry away a relatively large kinetic energy and are useful for the treatment of malignant tumors in cancer patients [56] D. Gabel. Radiother Oncol.30, 199 (1994)., [57] D. N. Slatkin. Neutron News1, 25 (1990)., [58] R. F. Barth, J. A. Coderre, M. C. G. Vicente, T. E. Blue. Clin. Cancer Res.11, 3987 (2005)..
Boron commonly shows the +3 oxidation state, but its bonding is often better described by electron-deficient multicenter structures. Boric acid, H₃BO₃, is a weak Lewis acid in water and a precursor to many borates. Borax, Na₂B₄O₇·10H₂O, is a major industrial borate. Boron trioxide, B₂O₃, is a glass-forming oxide. Boron trifluoride, BF₃, is a strong Lewis acid used in synthesis, while diborane, B₂H₆, illustrates boron hydride cluster chemistry. Boron nitride, BN, occurs in graphite-like and diamond-like forms with useful thermal and mechanical properties.
See more information at the Boron compound page.
Elemental boron is not highly toxic in compact form, but fine powders can irritate eyes, skin, and the respiratory tract and may be combustible under some conditions. Soluble borates and boric acid, H₃BO₃, can be harmful at sufficient dose, especially with repeated or high exposure. Boron trifluoride, BF₃, and diborane, B₂H₆, are far more hazardous: the former is corrosive and toxic, and the latter is toxic and flammable. Neutron-absorbing ¹⁰B is stable and is not itself radioactive.
Elemental boron and the borates are not considered to be toxic, and they do not require special care in handling. However, some of the more exotic boron hydrogen compounds are definitely toxic and do require care.
Boron is a natural trace element in rocks, soils, seawater, geothermal waters, and evaporite deposits. Weathering releases borate species that are mobile in water, especially under neutral to alkaline conditions. It is an essential micronutrient for higher plants, but the margin between deficiency and toxicity can be narrow in sensitive crops. Natural and industrial sources include volcanic emissions, seawater aerosols, mining, glass manufacture, detergents, and irrigation return flows.
Boron is supplied almost entirely from borate minerals and boron-rich brines, not from mining elemental boron. Major commercial materials include borax, kernite, ulexite, and colemanite, which are refined into boric acid, H₃BO₃, borax, Na₂B₄O₇·10H₂O, and other borates. Demand is led by glass, fiberglass, ceramics, detergents, agriculture, and specialty chemical uses. High-purity elemental boron and isotopically enriched ¹⁰B are much smaller specialty markets, with enrichment adding significant cost. Recycling is limited because boron is often dispersed in glass, ceramics, or formulations.
The element is not found free in nature, but occurs as orthoboric acid usually found in certain volcanic spring waters and as borates in boron and colemantie.
Important sources of boron are ore rasorite (kernite) and tincal (borax ore). Both of these ores are found in the Mojave Desert. Tincal is the most important source of boron from the Mojave. Extensive borax deposits are also found in Turkey.
Boron exists naturally as 19.78% 10B isotope and 80.22% 11B isotope. High-purity crystalline boron may be prepared by the vapor phase reduction of boron trichloride or tribromide with hydrogen on electrically heated filaments. The impure or amorphous, boron, a brownish-black powder, can be obtained by heating the trioxide with magnesium powder.
Boron of 99.9999% purity has been produced and is available commercially. Elemental boron has an energy band gap of 1.50 to 1.56 eV, which is higher than that of either silicon or germanium.
Boron is rare in the universe compared with neighboring light elements. It is not made efficiently by ordinary stellar fusion and is readily destroyed at stellar interior temperatures. Most cosmic boron is attributed to spallation reactions in which cosmic rays fragment heavier nuclei such as carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen. In the Solar System it is concentrated mainly in crustal and evaporitic materials rather than metallic or volatile reservoirs.
- Natural boron is mainly a mixture of ¹⁰B and ¹¹B.
- The large neutron-capture cross section of ¹⁰B gives boron unusual nuclear importance for a light element.
- Many crystalline boron structures are based on B₁₂ icosahedra rather than simple close packing.
- Boron deficiency and boron toxicity can both occur in agriculture.
- Borosilicate glass resists thermal shock partly because boron lowers thermal expansion.
- Boron carbide, B₄C, is one of the hardest widely used ceramic materials.
이미지
특성
물리적 특성
- 원자 반지름(경험값)
- 85 pm 모든 원소의 원자 반지름(경험값) 비교 →
- 공유 결합 반지름
- 84 pm 모든 원소의 공유 결합 반지름 비교 →
- 반데르발스 반지름
- 192 pm 모든 원소의 반데르발스 반지름 비교 →
- 금속 반지름
- 80 pm 모든 원소의 금속 반지름 비교 →
- 밀도
- 2370 kg/m³ 모든 원소의 밀도 비교 →
- 몰 부피
- 0.0046 L/mol
- STP에서의 상
- 고체 모든 원소의 STP에서의 상 비교 →
- 녹는점
- 2074.85 °C 모든 원소의 녹는점 비교 →
- 끓는점
- 3999.85 °C 모든 원소의 끓는점 비교 →
- 열전도율
- 27.4 W/(m·K) 모든 원소의 열전도율 비교 →
- 비열
- 1.026 J/(g·K) 모든 원소의 비열 비교 →
- 몰 열용량
- 11.087 J/(mol·K) 모든 원소의 몰 열용량 비교 →
- 결정 구조
- 정방 모든 원소의 결정 구조 비교 →
화학적 특성
- 전기 음성도(Pauling)
- 2.04 모든 원소의 전기 음성도(Pauling) 비교 →
- 전기 음성도(Allen)
- 2.051
- 전자 친화도
- 0.27972 eV
- 제1 이온화 에너지
- 8.298019 eV 모든 원소의 제1 이온화 에너지 비교 →
- 제2 이온화 에너지
- 25.154917 eV 모든 원소의 제2 이온화 에너지 비교 →
- 제3 이온화 에너지
- 37.930721 eV 모든 원소의 제3 이온화 에너지 비교 →
- 제4 이온화 에너지
- 259.375272 eV 모든 원소의 제4 이온화 에너지 비교 →
- 제5 이온화 에너지
- 340.227194 eV 모든 원소의 제5 이온화 에너지 비교 →
- 산화 상태
- −5, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3 모든 원소의 산화 상태 비교 →
- 원자가 전자
- 3 모든 원소의 원자가 전자 비교 →
- 전자 배치
- [He] 2s2 2p1
열역학적 특성
- 융해열
- 0.52028813 eV 모든 원소의 융해열 비교 →
- 기화열
- 4.974867 eV 모든 원소의 기화열 비교 →
- 승화열
- 5.855833 eV
- 원자화열
- 5.855833 eV
- 원자화 엔탈피
- 5.855833 eV
핵 특성
- 양성자 수
- 5 모든 원소의 양성자 수 비교 →
- 중성자 수
- 6 모든 원소의 중성자 수 비교 →
- 알려진 동위원소 수
- 16 모든 원소의 알려진 동위원소 수 비교 →
- 안정 동위원소 수
- 2 모든 원소의 안정 동위원소 수 비교 →
- 가장 안정한 동위원소
- B-11
- 발견 연도
- 1808
존재비
- 존재비(지각)
- 10 mg/kg 모든 원소의 존재비(지각) 비교 →
- 존재비(해양)
- 4.44 mg/L 모든 원소의 존재비(해양) 비교 →
결정 구조
- 격자 상수 a
- 873 pm
전자 구조
- 전자껍질별 전자 수
- 2, 3 모든 원소의 전자껍질별 전자 수 비교 →
식별자
- CAS 등록 번호
- 7440-42-8 모든 원소의 CAS 등록 번호 비교 →
- 항 기호
- 2P°1/2
- InChI
- InChI=1S/B
- InChI 키
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
전자 배치 측정값
B: 2s² 2p¹[He] 2s² 2p¹1s² 2s² 2p¹원자 모형
동위원소에 따라 중성자 수, 질량, 안정성은 달라지지만, 중성 원자의 전자 배치는 달라지지 않습니다.
개략적인 원자 모형이며 실제 비율과 다릅니다.
원자 지문
방출 / 흡수 스펙트럼
동위원소 분포
| 질량수 | 원자 질량(u) | 천연 존재비 | 반감기 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 안정 | 10.01293695 ± 0.00000041 | 19.9000% | 안정 |
| 11 안정 | 11.00930536 ± 0.00000045 | 80.1000% | 안정 |
상 / 상태
이유: 녹는점(2074.85 °C)보다 2049.8 °C 낮음
개략도이며 실제 비율과 다름
상전이점
전이 에너지
녹는점에서 1 mol을 녹이는 데 필요한 에너지
끓는점에서 1 mol을 기화시키는 데 필요한 에너지
승화점에서 1 mol을 승화시키는 데 필요한 에너지
밀도
표준 조건에서
표준 조건에서
원자 스펙트럼
보유 스펙트럼선 데이터 ?
| 이온 | 전하 | 총 스펙트럼선 수 | 전이 확률 | 준위 표기 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| B I | 0 | 371 | 269 | 371 |
| 11B I 동위원소 | 0 | 53 | 0 | 53 |
| 10B I 동위원소 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 11 |
| B II | +1 | 592 | 435 | 592 |
| 10B II 동위원소 | +1 | 9 | 0 | 9 |
| 11B II 동위원소 | +1 | 9 | 0 | 9 |
| B III | +2 | 390 | 106 | 390 |
| B IV | +3 | 478 | 234 | 478 |
| B V | +4 | 258 | 240 | 258 |
보유 에너지 준위 데이터 ?
| 이온 | 전하 | 준위 |
|---|---|---|
| B I | 0 | 125 |
| 11B I 동위원소 | 0 | 69 |
| 10B I 동위원소 | 0 | 29 |
| B II | +1 | 157 |
| 10B II 동위원소 | +1 | 10 |
| 11B II 동위원소 | +1 | 10 |
| B III | +2 | 150 |
| B IV | +3 | 174 |
| B V | +4 | 101 |
이온 반지름
| 전하 | 배위 | 스핀 | 반지름 |
|---|---|---|---|
| +3 | 3 | 해당 없음 | 1 pm |
| +3 | 4 | 해당 없음 | 11 pm |
| +3 | 6 | 해당 없음 | 27 pm |
화합물
동위원소 (2)
| 질량수 | 원자 질량(u) | 천연 존재비 | 반감기 | 붕괴 방식 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10 안정 | 10.01293695 ± 0.00000041 | 19.9000% ± 0.7000% | 안정 | stable | |
| 11 안정 | 11.00930536 ± 0.00000045 | 80.1000% ± 0.7000% | 안정 | stable |
스펙트럼선
| 파장(nm) | 세기 | 이온화 단계 | 유형 | 전이 | 정확도 | 출처 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 391.482 nm | 해당 없음 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.2p 1P* → 1s2.2p2 3P | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 391.687 nm | 해당 없음 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.2p 1P* → 1s2.2p2 3P | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 391.817 nm | 해당 없음 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.2p 1P* → 1s2.2p2 3P | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 394.447 nm | 해당 없음 | B II | emission | 1s2.2p.3d 3F* → 1s2.2p.4f 3F | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 394.587 nm | 해당 없음 | B II | emission | 1s2.2p.3d 3F* → 1s2.2p.4f 3F | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 394.82 nm | 해당 없음 | B II | emission | 1s2.2p.3d 3F* → 1s2.2p.4f 3F | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 395.038 nm | 18 | B II | emission | 1s2.2p.3d 1D* → 1s2.2p.4f 1F | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 395.1698 nm | 해당 없음 | B II | emission | 1s2.2p2 1D → 1s2.2p2 1S | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 399.024 nm | 70 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4p 1P* → 1s2.2s.8d 1D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 400.017 nm | 136 | B III | emission | 1s.2s.(3S).4d 4D → 1s.2s.(3S).5f 4F* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 412.1928 nm | 해당 없음 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 3D → 1s2.2s.4f 3F* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 412.1928 nm | 해당 없음 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 3D → 1s2.2s.4f 3F* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 412.1928 nm | 해당 없음 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 3D → 1s2.2s.4f 3F* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 412.1928 nm | 해당 없음 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 3D → 1s2.2s.4f 3F* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 412.1928 nm | 해당 없음 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 3D → 1s2.2s.4f 3F* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 412.1928 nm | 해당 없음 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 3D → 1s2.2s.4f 3F* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 414.697 nm | 해당 없음 | B III | emission | 1s2.5d 2D → 1s2.8f 2F* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 414.708 nm | 해당 없음 | B III | emission | 1s2.5d 2D → 1s2.8f 2F* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 414.708 nm | 해당 없음 | B III | emission | 1s2.5d 2D → 1s2.8f 2F* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 415.284 nm | 해당 없음 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4p 3P* → 1s2.2p.3p 3P | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 415.284 nm | 해당 없음 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4p 3P* → 1s2.2p.3p 3P | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 415.471 nm | 해당 없음 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4p 3P* → 1s2.2p.3p 3P | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 415.471 nm | 해당 없음 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4p 3P* → 1s2.2p.3p 3P | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 415.471 nm | 해당 없음 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4p 3P* → 1s2.2p.3p 3P | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 415.584 nm | 해당 없음 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4p 3P* → 1s2.2p.3p 3P | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 417.896 nm | 해당 없음 | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s.2p2 2P | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 417.927 nm | 해당 없음 | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s.2p2 2P | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 418.099 nm | 해당 없음 | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s.2p2 2P | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 418.13 nm | 해당 없음 | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s.2p2 2P | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 419.4792 nm | 180 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 1P* → 1s2.2s.4s 1S | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 419.773 nm | 30 | B IV | emission | 1s.5s 3S → 1s.6p 3P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 424.3 nm | 300 | B III | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.5d 2D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 424.359 nm | 해당 없음 | B III | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.5d 2D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 424.37 nm | 해당 없음 | B III | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.5d 2D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 427.274 nm | 50 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4s 3S → 1s2.2s.6p 3P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 429.571 nm | 50 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4p 1P* → 1s2.2s.7d 1D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 436.147 nm | 60 | B III | emission | 1s.2p.(3P*).4f 2F → 1s.2p.(3P*).5g 2G* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 436.61 nm | 100 | B III | emission | 1s.2p.(3P*).4f 4F → 1s.2p.(3P*).5g 4G* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 443.11 nm | 해당 없음 | B II | emission | 1s2.2p.3d 3D* → 1s2.2p.4f 3F | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 443.185 nm | 해당 없음 | B II | emission | 1s2.2p.3d 3D* → 1s2.2p.4f 3F | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 443.291 nm | 해당 없음 | B II | emission | 1s2.2p.3d 3D* → 1s2.2p.4f 3F | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 445.943 nm | 해당 없음 | B IV | emission | 1s.5p 3P* → 1s.6d 3D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 445.943 nm | 해당 없음 | B IV | emission | 1s.5p 3P* → 1s.6d 3D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 445.943 nm | 해당 없음 | B IV | emission | 1s.5p 3P* → 1s.6d 3D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 447.112 nm | 해당 없음 | B III | emission | 1s2.5s 2S → 1s2.7p 2P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 447.112 nm | 해당 없음 | B III | emission | 1s2.5s 2S → 1s2.7p 2P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 447.2029 nm | 해당 없음 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.4s 3S | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 447.2151 nm | 해당 없음 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.4s 3S | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 447.2862 nm | 470 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.4s 3S | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 448.692 nm | 해당 없음 | B III | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.5f 2F* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 448.71 nm | 해당 없음 | B III | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.5f 2F* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 449.09 nm | 20 | B IV | emission | 1s.2s 1S → 1s.2p 1P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 449.773 nm | 1700 | B III | emission | 1s2.4f 2F* → 1s2.5g 2G | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 449.853 nm | 해당 없음 | B III | emission | 1s2.4f 2F* → 1s2.5f 2F* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 449.859 nm | 해당 없음 | B III | emission | 1s2.4f 2F* → 1s2.5f 2F* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 450.481 nm | 해당 없음 | B III | emission | 1s2.4f 2F* → 1s2.5d 2D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 450.482 nm | 해당 없음 | B III | emission | 1s2.4f 2F* → 1s2.5d 2D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 451.9912773 nm | 해당 없음 | B V | emission | 7i 2I → 9k 2K* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 451.9946377 nm | 해당 없음 | B V | emission | 7i 2I → 9k 2K* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 453.229 nm | 해당 없음 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4f 1F* → 1s2.2p.3p 1D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 459.72 nm | 해당 없음 | B III | emission | 1s.2s.(3S).4d 4D → 1s.2s.(3S).5p 4P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 459.73 nm | 해당 없음 | B III | emission | 1s.2p.(3P*).4p 4P → 1s.2p.(3P*).5s 4P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 461.114 nm | 해당 없음 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4p 3P* → 1s2.2p.3p 3S | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 461.114 nm | 해당 없음 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4p 3P* → 1s2.2p.3p 3S | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 461.114 nm | 해당 없음 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4p 3P* → 1s2.2p.3p 3S | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 461.32 nm | 해당 없음 | B IV | emission | 1s.5d 3D → 1s.6p 1P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 463.217 nm | 해당 없음 | B III | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.5p 2P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 463.243 nm | 해당 없음 | B III | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.5p 2P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 463.263 nm | 해당 없음 | B III | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.5p 2P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 464.69 nm | 해당 없음 | B IV | emission | 1s.5d 3D → 1s.6f 1F* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 464.69 nm | 해당 없음 | B IV | emission | 1s.5d 3D → 1s.6f 1F* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 464.701 nm | 해당 없음 | B IV | emission | 1s.5d 3D → 1s.6f 3F* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 464.701 nm | 해당 없음 | B IV | emission | 1s.5d 3D → 1s.6f 3F* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 464.701 nm | 해당 없음 | B IV | emission | 1s.5d 3D → 1s.6f 3F* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 464.701 nm | 해당 없음 | B IV | emission | 1s.5d 3D → 1s.6f 3F* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 464.701 nm | 해당 없음 | B IV | emission | 1s.5d 3D → 1s.6f 3F* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 464.701 nm | 해당 없음 | B IV | emission | 1s.5d 3D → 1s.6f 3F* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 465.58 nm | 해당 없음 | B IV | emission | 1s.5d 1D → 1s.6f 1F* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 465.786 nm | 해당 없음 | B IV | emission | 1s.5f 3F* → 1s.6g 3G | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 465.786 nm | 해당 없음 | B IV | emission | 1s.5f 3F* → 1s.6g 3G | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 465.786 nm | 해당 없음 | B IV | emission | 1s.5f 3F* → 1s.6g 3G | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 465.8 nm | 해당 없음 | B IV | emission | 1s.5f 1F* → 1s.6g 3G | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 465.815 nm | 해당 없음 | B IV | emission | 1s.5g 3G → 1s.6h 3H* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 465.815 nm | 해당 없음 | B IV | emission | 1s.5g 3G → 1s.6h 3H* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 465.815 nm | 해당 없음 | B IV | emission | 1s.5g 3G → 1s.6h 3H* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 465.815 nm | 해당 없음 | B IV | emission | 1s.5g 1G → 1s.6h 3H* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 465.92 nm | 해당 없음 | B IV | emission | 1s.5g 1G → 1s.6f 1F* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 465.92 nm | 해당 없음 | B IV | emission | 1s.5g 3G → 1s.6f 1F* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 465.92 nm | 해당 없음 | B IV | emission | 1s.5g 3G → 1s.6f 1F* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 465.927 nm | 해당 없음 | B IV | emission | 1s.5g 3G → 1s.6f 3F* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 465.927 nm | 해당 없음 | B IV | emission | 1s.5g 3G → 1s.6f 3F* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 465.927 nm | 해당 없음 | B IV | emission | 1s.5g 3G → 1s.6f 3F* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 465.927 nm | 해당 없음 | B IV | emission | 1s.5g 1G → 1s.6f 3F* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 468.31 nm | 해당 없음 | B IV | emission | 1s.5p 1P* → 1s.6p 1P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 468.481 nm | 해당 없음 | B IV | emission | 1s.6g 3G → 1s.8h 3H* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 468.489 nm | 해당 없음 | B IV | emission | 1s.6f 3F* → 1s.8g 3G | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 468.489 nm | 해당 없음 | B IV | emission | 1s.6f 3F* → 1s.8g 3G | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 468.489 nm | 해당 없음 | B IV | emission | 1s.6f 3F* → 1s.8g 3G | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 468.5 nm | 해당 없음 | B IV | emission | 1s.6h 3H* → 1s.8i 3I | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 471.612 nm | 15 | B II | emission | 1s2.2p.3d 1D* → 1s2.2p.4p 1P | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 471.99 nm | 해당 없음 | B IV | emission | 1s.5p 1P* → 1s.6d 1D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 477.384 nm | 해당 없음 | B IV | emission | 1s.5d 3D → 1s.6p 3P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 477.384 nm | 해당 없음 | B IV | emission | 1s.5d 3D → 1s.6p 3P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 477.384 nm | 해당 없음 | B IV | emission | 1s.5d 3D → 1s.6p 3P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 478.42 nm | 해당 없음 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 3D → 1s2.2s.4p 3P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 478.42 nm | 해당 없음 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 3D → 1s2.2s.4p 3P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 478.4203 nm | 해당 없음 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 3D → 1s2.2s.4p 3P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 478.4203 nm | 해당 없음 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 3D → 1s2.2s.4p 3P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 478.4203 nm | 해당 없음 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 3D → 1s2.2s.4p 3P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 478.4203 nm | 해당 없음 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 3D → 1s2.2s.4p 3P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 481.276 nm | 해당 없음 | B IV | emission | 1s.5p 3P* → 1s.6s 3S | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 481.276 nm | 해당 없음 | B IV | emission | 1s.5p 3P* → 1s.6s 3S | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 481.276 nm | 해당 없음 | B IV | emission | 1s.5p 3P* → 1s.6s 3S | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 491.746 nm | 500 | B III | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.5s 2S | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 491.84 nm | 500 | B III | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.5s 2S | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 494.0365 nm | 440 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 1D → 1s2.2s.4f 1F* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 494.4788284 nm | 해당 없음 | B V | emission | 6h 2H* → 7i 2I | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 494.4864305 nm | 해당 없음 | B V | emission | 6h 2H* → 7i 2I | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 498.848 nm | 해당 없음 | B III | emission | 1s2.5p 2P* → 1s2.7d 2D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 498.901 nm | 해당 없음 | B III | emission | 1s2.5p 2P* → 1s2.7d 2D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 512.579 nm | 해당 없음 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4d 3D → 1s2.2s.7f 3F* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 512.579 nm | 해당 없음 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4d 3D → 1s2.2s.7f 3F* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 512.579 nm | 해당 없음 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4d 3D → 1s2.2s.7f 3F* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 515.776 nm | 해당 없음 | B III | emission | 1s2.5d 2D → 1s2.7f 2F* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 515.793 nm | 해당 없음 | B III | emission | 1s2.5d 2D → 1s2.7f 2F* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 516.57 nm | 해당 없음 | B III | emission | 1s2.5f 2F* → 1s2.7g 2G | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 516.579 nm | 해당 없음 | B III | emission | 1s2.5f 2F* → 1s2.7g 2G | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 522.65 nm | 해당 없음 | B III | emission | 1s2.5d 2D → 1s2.7p 2P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 522.65 nm | 해당 없음 | B III | emission | 1s2.5d 2D → 1s2.7p 2P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 522.667 nm | 해당 없음 | B III | emission | 1s2.5d 2D → 1s2.7p 2P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 526.311 nm | 해당 없음 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4f 3F* → 1s2.2s.7g 3G | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 526.311 nm | 해당 없음 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4f 3F* → 1s2.2s.7g 3G | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 526.311 nm | 해당 없음 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4f 3F* → 1s2.2s.7g 3G | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 529.28 nm | 해당 없음 | B III | emission | 1s2.5p 2P* → 1s2.7s 2S | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 529.34 nm | 해당 없음 | B III | emission | 1s2.5p 2P* → 1s2.7s 2S | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 534.765 nm | 15 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4s 1S → 1s2.2p.3s 1P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 539.322 nm | 30 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4p 1P* → 1s2.2p.3p 1P | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 550.4527 nm | 해당 없음 | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2D → 2s2.11f 2F* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 550.4622 nm | 해당 없음 | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2D → 2s2.11f 2F* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 556.3146 nm | 해당 없음 | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2D → 2s2.10f 2F* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 556.3244 nm | 해당 없음 | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2D → 2s2.10f 2F* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 563.30717 nm | 해당 없음 | B I | emission | 2s2.3s 2S → 2s2.4p 2P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 563.32732 nm | 해당 없음 | B I | emission | 2s2.3s 2S → 2s2.4p 2P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 564.4278 nm | 해당 없음 | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2D → 2s2.9f 2F* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 564.4379 nm | 해당 없음 | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2D → 2s2.9f 2F* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 576.1901 nm | 해당 없음 | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2D → 2s2.8f 2F* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 576.1901 nm | 해당 없음 | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2D → 2s2.8f 2F* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 576.2006 nm | 해당 없음 | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2D → 2s2.8f 2F* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 578.747 nm | 해당 없음 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4s 3S → 1s2.2s.5p 3P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 578.747 nm | 해당 없음 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4s 3S → 1s2.2s.5p 3P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 578.747 nm | 해당 없음 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4s 3S → 1s2.2s.5p 3P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 581.833 nm | 60 | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2P → 2s.2p.(3P*).3d 2D* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 582.116 nm | 100 | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2P → 2s.2p.(3P*).3d 2D* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 582.228 nm | 10 | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2P → 2s.2p.(3P*).3d 2D* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 594.2619 nm | 해당 없음 | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2D → 2s2.7f 2F* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 594.2619 nm | 해당 없음 | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2D → 2s2.7f 2F* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 594.2731 nm | 해당 없음 | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2D → 2s2.7f 2F* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 601.35 nm | 해당 없음 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4p 3P* → 1s2.2s.6s 3S | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 601.35 nm | 해당 없음 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4p 3P* → 1s2.2s.6s 3S | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 601.35 nm | 해당 없음 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4p 3P* → 1s2.2s.6s 3S | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 602.772 nm | 해당 없음 | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s2.8d 2D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 602.837 nm | 해당 없음 | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s2.8d 2D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 602.837 nm | 해당 없음 | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s2.8d 2D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 608.039 nm | 85 | B II | emission | 1s2.2p2 1S → 1s2.2s.3p 1P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 612.224 nm | 해당 없음 | B II | emission | 1s2.2p2 1S → 1s2.2s.3p 3P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 612.508 nm | 93 | B III | emission | 1s.2s.(3S).3s 4S → 1s.2s.(3S).3p 4P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 612.752 nm | 해당 없음 | B III | emission | 1s.2s.(3S).3s 4S → 1s.2s.(3S).3p 4P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 612.797 nm | 해당 없음 | B III | emission | 1s.2s.(3S).3s 4S → 1s.2s.(3S).3p 4P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 614.891 nm | 해당 없음 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4d 3D → 1s2.2s.6f 3F* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 614.891 nm | 해당 없음 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4d 3D → 1s2.2s.6f 3F* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 614.891 nm | 해당 없음 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4d 3D → 1s2.2s.6f 3F* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 614.891 nm | 해당 없음 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4d 3D → 1s2.2s.6f 3F* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 614.891 nm | 해당 없음 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4d 3D → 1s2.2s.6f 3F* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 614.891 nm | 해당 없음 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4d 3D → 1s2.2s.6f 3F* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 617.867 nm | 해당 없음 | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s2.8s 2S | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 617.936 nm | 해당 없음 | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s2.8s 2S | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 618.638 nm | 해당 없음 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4f 3F* → 1s2.2p.3p 3D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 618.638 nm | 해당 없음 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4f 3F* → 1s2.2p.3p 3D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 618.638 nm | 해당 없음 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4f 3F* → 1s2.2p.3p 3D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 619.359 nm | 해당 없음 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4f 3F* → 1s2.2p.3p 3D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 619.359 nm | 해당 없음 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4f 3F* → 1s2.2p.3p 3D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 619.735 nm | 해당 없음 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4f 3F* → 1s2.2p.3p 3D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 622.745 nm | 해당 없음 | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s2.7d 2D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 622.815 nm | 해당 없음 | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s2.7d 2D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 622.815 nm | 해당 없음 | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s2.7d 2D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 624.4557 nm | 해당 없음 | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2D → 2s2.6f 2F* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 624.4557 nm | 해당 없음 | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2D → 2s2.6f 2F* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 624.4681 nm | 해당 없음 | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2D → 2s2.6f 2F* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 628.551 nm | 30 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 1D → 1s2.2s.4p 1P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 634.927 nm | 해당 없음 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4f 3F* → 1s2.2s.6g 3G | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 634.927 nm | 해당 없음 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4f 3F* → 1s2.2s.6g 3G | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 634.927 nm | 해당 없음 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4f 3F* → 1s2.2s.6g 3G | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 635.676 nm | 1 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4f 1F* → 1s2.2s.6g 1G | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 643.151 nm | 해당 없음 | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s2.7s 2S | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 643.225 nm | 해당 없음 | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s2.7s 2S | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 652.056 nm | 해당 없음 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4s 3S → 1s2.2p.3s 3P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 652.959 nm | 해당 없음 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4s 3S → 1s2.2p.3s 3P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 653.371 nm | 해당 없음 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4s 3S → 1s2.2p.3s 3P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 656.269 nm | 해당 없음 | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s2.6d 2D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 656.345 nm | 해당 없음 | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s2.6d 2D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 656.345 nm | 해당 없음 | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s2.6d 2D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 657.112 nm | 0.5 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.5p 1P* → 1s2.2p.3p 1D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 671.765 nm | 0.5 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4d 1D → 1s2.2s.6f 1F* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 677.866 nm | 해당 없음 | B I | emission | 2s2.4p 2P* → 2s.2p2 2P | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 677.895 nm | 해당 없음 | B I | emission | 2s2.4p 2P* → 2s.2p2 2P | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 678.401 nm | 해당 없음 | B I | emission | 2s2.4p 2P* → 2s.2p2 2P | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 678.431 nm | 해당 없음 | B I | emission | 2s2.4p 2P* → 2s.2p2 2P | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 678.614 nm | 0.5 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4p 1P* → 1s2.2s.5d 1D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 681.95167 nm | 해당 없음 | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2D → 2s2.5f 2F* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 681.95167 nm | 해당 없음 | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2D → 2s2.5f 2F* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 681.96637 nm | 해당 없음 | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2D → 2s2.5f 2F* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 697.688 nm | 해당 없음 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.3p 1P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 703.027 nm | 4 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.3p 3P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 703.203 nm | 3 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.3p 3P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 703.233 nm | 2 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.3p 3P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 715.955 nm | 해당 없음 | B II | emission | 1s2.2p.3s 3P* → 1s2.2p.3p 3P | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 716.016 nm | 해당 없음 | B II | emission | 1s2.2p.3s 3P* → 1s2.2p.3p 3P | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 716.511 nm | 해당 없음 | B II | emission | 1s2.2p.3s 3P* → 1s2.2p.3p 3P | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 716.846 nm | 해당 없음 | B II | emission | 1s2.2p.3s 3P* → 1s2.2p.3p 3P | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 717.045 nm | 해당 없음 | B II | emission | 1s2.2p.3s 3P* → 1s2.2p.3p 3P | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 717.602 nm | 해당 없음 | B II | emission | 1s2.2p.3s 3P* → 1s2.2p.3p 3P | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 720.593 nm | 해당 없음 | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s2.5d 2D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 720.685 nm | 해당 없음 | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s2.5d 2D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 720.685 nm | 해당 없음 | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s2.5d 2D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 720.766 nm | 해당 없음 | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s2.6s 2S | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 720.859 nm | 해당 없음 | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s2.6s 2S | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 722.85 nm | 해당 없음 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4s 1S → 1s2.2s.5p 1P* | 측정값 | NIST |
확장 특성
공유 결합 반지름(확장)
- 공유 결합 반지름(Pyykkö)
- 85 pm
- 공유 결합 반지름(Pyykkö, 이중 결합)
- 78 pm
- 공유 결합 반지름(Pyykkö, 삼중 결합)
- 73 pm
반데르발스 반지름
- Truhlar
- 192 pm
- Batsanov
- 180 pm
- Alvarez
- 191 pm
- UFF
- 408.3 pm
- MM3
- 215 pm
- Dreiding
- 402 pm
원자 및 금속 반지름
- 원자 반지름(Rahm)
- 205 pm
- 금속 반지름(C12)
- 98 pm
번호 척도
- Mendeleev
- 81
- Pettifor
- 86
- Glawe
- 86
전기 음성도 척도
- Ghosh
- 0
- Miedema
- 5
- Gunnarsson–Lundqvist
- 4
- Robles–Bartolotti
- 4
분극률 및 분산
- 쌍극자 분극률
- 20.5 a.u.
- 쌍극자 분극률(불확도)
- 0.1 a.u.
- C₆
- 99.5 Ha·Bohr6
- C₆ (Gould–Bučko)
- 99.2 Ha·Bohr6
미데마 매개변수
- 미데마 몰 부피
- 4.7 cm3/mol
- 미데마 전자 밀도
- 5
공급 위험 및 경제성
- 생산 집중도
- 34
- 상대적 공급 위험
- 5
- 정치적 안정성(최대 생산국)
- 12
- 정치적 안정성(최대 매장국)
- 12
상전이 및 동소체
| 녹는점 | 2350.15 K |
| 끓는점 | 4273.15 K |
산화 상태 분류
심화 참고 데이터
차폐 상수 (3)
| n | 오비탈 | σ |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | s | 0.3205 |
| 2 | p | 2.5786 |
| 2 | s | 2.4238 |
결정 반지름 상세 정보 (3)
| 전하 | CN | 스핀 | rcrystal (pm) | 기원 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3 | III | 15 | ||
| 3 | IV | 25 | ||
| 3 | VI | 41 | calculated, |
동위원소 붕괴 방식 (30)
| 동위원소 | 모드 | 세기 |
|---|---|---|
| 6 | 2p | — |
| 7 | p | 100% |
| 8 | B+ | 100% |
| 8 | B+A | 100% |
| 9 | p | 100% |
| 12 | B- | 100% |
| 12 | B-A | 0.6% |
| 13 | B- | 100% |
| 13 | B-n | 0.3% |
| 14 | B- | 100% |
X선 산란 인자 (502)
| 에너지 (eV) | f₁ | f₂ |
|---|---|---|
| 10 | — | 1.48933 |
| 10.1617 | — | 1.48084 |
| 10.3261 | — | 1.4724 |
| 10.4931 | — | 1.46401 |
| 10.6628 | — | 1.45567 |
| 10.8353 | — | 1.44738 |
| 11.0106 | — | 1.43913 |
| 11.1886 | — | 1.43093 |
| 11.3696 | — | 1.42278 |
| 11.5535 | — | 1.41467 |
추가 데이터
Estimated Crustal Abundance
The estimated element abundance in the earth's crust.
1.0×101 milligrams per kilogram
참고 문헌 (1)
Estimated Oceanic Abundance
The estimated element abundance in the earth's oceans.
4.44 milligrams per liter
참고 문헌 (1)
Sources
Sources of this element.
The element is not found free in nature, but occurs as orthoboric acid usually found in certain volcanic spring waters and as borates in boron and colemantie.
Important sources of boron are ore rasorite (kernite) and tincal (borax ore). Both of these ores are found in the Mojave Desert. Tincal is the most important source of boron from the Mojave. Extensive borax deposits are also found in Turkey.
Boron exists naturally as 19.78% 10B isotope and 80.22% 11B isotope. High-purity crystalline boron may be prepared by the vapor phase reduction of boron trichloride or tribromide with hydrogen on electrically heated filaments. The impure or amorphous, boron, a brownish-black powder, can be obtained by heating the trioxide with magnesium powder.
Boron of 99.9999% purity has been produced and is available commercially. Elemental boron has an energy band gap of 1.50 to 1.56 eV, which is higher than that of either silicon or germanium.
참고 문헌 (1)
- [6] Boron https://periodic.lanl.gov/5.shtml
참고 문헌
(9)
Data deposited in or computed by PubChem
The half-life and atomic mass data was provided by the Atomic Mass Data Center at the International Atomic Energy Agency.
Element data are cited from the Atomic weights of the elements (an IUPAC Technical Report). The IUPAC periodic table of elements can be found at https://iupac.org/what-we-do/periodic-table-of-elements/. Additional information can be found within IUPAC publication doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0703 Copyright © 2020 International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.
The information are cited from Pure Appl. Chem. 2018; 90(12): 1833-2092, https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2015-0703.
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jefferson Lab) is one of 17 national laboratories funded by the U.S. Department of Energy. The lab's primary mission is to conduct basic research of the atom's nucleus using the lab's unique particle accelerator, known as the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF). For more information visit https://www.jlab.org/
The periodic table at the LANL (Los Alamos National Laboratory) contains basic element information together with the history, source, properties, use, handling and more. The provenance data may be found from the link under the source name.
The periodic table contains NIST's critically-evaluated data on atomic properties of the elements. The provenance data that include data for atomic spectroscopy, X-ray and gamma ray, radiation dosimetry, nuclear physics, and condensed matter physics may be found from the link under the source name. Ref: https://www.nist.gov/pml/atomic-spectra-database
This section provides all form of data related to element Boron.
The element property data was retrieved from publications.