Technetium (Tc)
transition-metalSolid
표준 원자량
[98]전자 배치
[Kr] 5s2 4d5녹는점
2156.85 °C끓는점
4264.85 °C밀도
1.1e+4 kg/m³산화 상태
−3, −1, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7전기 음성도(Pauling)
1.9제1 이온화 에너지
7.11938 eV발견 연도
1937원자 반지름
135 pm상세 정보
Technetium is a radioactive transition metal in group 7, between molybdenum and ruthenium. It was the first element discovered without a stable isotope. Only trace natural technetium occurs, mainly from spontaneous fission of uranium and from neutron capture processes; practical quantities are made artificially. Its chemistry resembles rhenium and manganese in several oxidation states, and the isotope ⁹⁹ᵐTc is central to diagnostic nuclear medicine.
Technetium is a silvery-gray metal that tarnishes slowly in moist air. The common oxidation states of technetium are +7, +5, and +4. Under oxidizing conditions technetium (VII) will exist as the pertechnetate ion, TcO4-. The chemistry of technetium is said to be similar to that of rhenium. Technetium dissolves in nitric acid, aqua regia, and concentrated sulfuric acid, but is not soluble in hydrochloric acid of any strength. The element is a remarkable corrosion inhibitor for steel. The metal is an excellent superconductor at 11K and below.
Technetium was the first artificially produced element. It was isolated by Carlo Perrier and Emilio Segrè in 1937. Technetium was created by bombarding molybdenum atoms with deuterons that had been accelerated by a device called a cyclotron. Today, technetium is produced by bombarding molybdenum-98 with neutrons. Molybdenum-98 becomes molybdenum-99 when it captures a neutron. Molybdenum-99, with a half-life of 65.94 hours, decays into technetium-99 through beta decay. While technetium has never been found to occur naturally on earth, its spectral lines have been observed in S-, M- and N-type stars.
Technetium's most stable isotope, technetium-98, has a half-life of about 4,200,000 years. It decays into ruthenium-98 through beta decay.
From the Greek word technetos, artificial. Element 43 was predicted on the basis of the periodic table, and was erroneously reported as having been discovered in 1925, at which time it was named masurium. The element was actually discovered by Perrier and Segre in Italy in 1937. It was also found in a sample of molybdenum sent by E. Lawrence that was bombarded by deuterons in the Berkeley cyclotron. Technetium was the first element to be produced artificially. Since its discovery, searches for the element in terrestrial material have been made. Finally in 1962, technetium-99 was isolated and identified in African pitchblende (a uranium rich ore) in extremely minute quantities as a spontaneous fission product of uranium-238 by B.T. Kenna and P.K. Kuroda. If it does exist, the concentration must be very small. Technetium has been found in the spectrum of S-, M-, and N-type stars, and its presence in stellar matter is leading to new theories of the production of heavy elements in the stars.
Macroscopic technetium metal is a silvery-gray, metallic solid when prepared in the laboratory. Because all isotopes are radioactive, specimens are handled as controlled radioactive materials rather than ordinary metal samples.
The most important use is isotope-specific: ⁹⁹ᵐTc is used as a short-lived gamma-emitting tracer in many diagnostic imaging procedures, usually bound in radiopharmaceutical complexes selected for particular organs or physiological processes. Longer-lived ⁹⁹Tc has been studied as a corrosion inhibitor for steel in closed systems, but its radioactivity and regulatory burden prevent ordinary industrial use. Other technetium isotopes and compounds are used mainly in chemical, nuclear, and tracer research.
Small amounts of technetium can retard the corrosion of steel, although this protection can only be applied to closed systems due to technetium's radioactivity. Technetium can also be used as a medical tracer and to calibrate particle detectors.
Isotopes in Medicine
99mTc is an isomer of 99Tc with a half-life of approximately 6 h that is used to label peptides for morphologic (the form and structure of an organism) and dynamic modeling of renal (kidney), hepatic (liver), bone, and cardiac imaging [320] U. Abram, R. Alberto. J. Braz. Chem. Soc.17, 1486 (2006)., [322] M. Pérez Díaz, J. Quevedo Garcia, O. Diaz Rizo, R. Dopico Hernandez, E. Estevez Aparicio, A. Viamonte Marin, O. Cabrera Gorrin. Alasbimn J.4 (16), (2002).. 99mTc radiopharmaceuticals absorb to a variety of tumors. These tumors can be imaged using single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) coupled with non-invasive computed tomography (CT scan), which provides a high level of functional and anatomical information in a three-dimensional image (Fig. IUPAC.43.1) [323] A. Ballard. Biomarkers Key to Drug Development: Imaging and Biomarkers Drive Drug Development Engineered for Personalized Medicine, Imaging Technology News (2014), Feb. 26; http://www.itnonline.com/article/biomarkers-key-drug-development., [324] P. Ghosh, M. Kelly. Expanding the Power of PET with 18F-Sodium Fluoride, Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc (2017), Feb. 26; https://usa.healthcare.siemens.com/siemens_hwem-hwem_ssxa_websites-context-root/wcm/idc/groups/public/@us/@imaging/@molecular/documents/mdaw/ndu0/∼edisp/white_paper10_sodium_fluoride-00309726.. Medronate is a radioactive pharmaceutical, which has been used to find, treat, or study certain diseases or body functions. 99mTc-labeled medronate (99mTc-MDP) is used in a diagnostic test to detect metastases from prostate, lung or thyroid cancer, making use of a gamma camera to record the distribution of 99mTc-MDP within the body. A two-dimensional image of the affected areas is produced.
Technetium shows rich redox chemistry, with common oxidation states including +7, +4, and lower states in coordination complexes. Pertechnetate, TcO₄⁻, contains technetium(VII) and is chemically analogous to perrhenate; sodium pertechnetate, NaTcO₄, is a key soluble form in radiochemistry. Technetium dioxide, TcO₂, contains technetium(IV) and is much less mobile in many reducing environments. Technetium forms halides, oxides, sulfides, and numerous complexes with phosphines, carbonyls, and biological ligands.
See more information at the Technetium compound page.
All technetium isotopes are radioactive, but hazards differ strongly by isotope, activity, chemical form, and route of exposure. ⁹⁹ᵐTc has a short half-life and is managed under medical radiation controls. ⁹⁹Tc is a long-lived beta emitter; ingestion or inhalation of soluble pertechnetate is a principal concern because it can distribute in body fluids. Metal dusts and contaminated laboratory surfaces require radiological containment and monitoring.
It is reported that mild carbon steels may be effectively protected by as little as 55 ppm of KTcO4 in aerated distilled water at temperatures up to 250°C. This corrosion protection is limited to closed systems, since technetium is radioative and must be confined. 98Tc has a specific activity of 6.2 x 108 Bq/g. Activity of this level must not be allowed to spread. 99Tc is a contamination hazard and should be handled in a glove box.
Natural technetium is extremely scarce and transient on geological scales. Environmental technetium of practical concern comes mainly from nuclear fission products in reactor fuel, reprocessing streams, waste, and fallout residues. Pertechnetate, TcO₄⁻, is soluble and relatively mobile under oxidizing conditions, while reduced technetium(IV) species such as TcO₂ are less soluble and can be retained by sediments or engineered waste forms.
Technetium has no normal commodity market as a bulk metal. Supply is tied to the nuclear industry and to isotope generation. Medical ⁹⁹ᵐTc is obtained from decay of ⁹⁹Mo in generator systems, with ⁹⁹Mo produced mainly by fission or neutron-activation routes. Long-lived ⁹⁹Tc is available as a fission product recovered in specialized facilities, but demand is limited by regulation and by its lack of ordinary commercial applications. Costs are dominated by reactor or accelerator production, radiochemical processing, transport timing, quality control, and waste management rather than by the elemental metal itself.
Made first by bombarding molybdenum with deuterons (heavy hydrogen) in a cyclotron.
Technetium has no stable nuclides, so any primordial technetium has decayed away. It is produced in stars by neutron-capture nucleosynthesis, and its spectroscopic detection in some red giant stars shows that freshly made heavy elements can be brought to stellar surfaces. In planetary materials it is expected only in trace radiogenic or cosmogenic amounts unless introduced by nuclear processes.
- Technetium was identified in molybdenum targets irradiated with deuterons.
- Its name comes from a Greek word meaning artificial.
- The diagnostic isotope ⁹⁹ᵐTc decays to ⁹⁹Tc.
- Pertechnetate, TcO₄⁻, is often the most mobile oxidized form in water.
- A visible technetium spectrum in a star proved that some stellar heavy elements are made recently.
이미지
특성
물리적 특성
- 원자 반지름(경험값)
- 135 pm 모든 원소의 원자 반지름(경험값) 비교 →
- 공유 결합 반지름
- 147 pm 모든 원소의 공유 결합 반지름 비교 →
- 반데르발스 반지름
- 209 pm 모든 원소의 반데르발스 반지름 비교 →
- 금속 반지름
- 127 pm 모든 원소의 금속 반지름 비교 →
- 밀도
- 1.1 × 104 kg/m³ 모든 원소의 밀도 비교 →
- 몰 부피
- 0.0085 L/mol
- STP에서의 상
- 고체 모든 원소의 STP에서의 상 비교 →
- 녹는점
- 2156.85 °C 모든 원소의 녹는점 비교 →
- 끓는점
- 4264.85 °C 모든 원소의 끓는점 비교 →
- 열전도율
- 50.6 W/(m·K) 모든 원소의 열전도율 비교 →
- 결정 구조
- 육방 조밀 충전 모든 원소의 결정 구조 비교 →
화학적 특성
- 전기 음성도(Pauling)
- 1.9 모든 원소의 전기 음성도(Pauling) 비교 →
- 전기 음성도(Allen)
- 1.51
- 전자 친화도
- 0.55 eV
- 제1 이온화 에너지
- 7.11938 eV 모든 원소의 제1 이온화 에너지 비교 →
- 제2 이온화 에너지
- 15.260053 eV 모든 원소의 제2 이온화 에너지 비교 →
- 제3 이온화 에너지
- 29.550102 eV 모든 원소의 제3 이온화 에너지 비교 →
- 제4 이온화 에너지
- 41.000141 eV 모든 원소의 제4 이온화 에너지 비교 →
- 제5 이온화 에너지
- 57.000196 eV 모든 원소의 제5 이온화 에너지 비교 →
- 산화 상태
- −3, −1, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7 모든 원소의 산화 상태 비교 →
- 원자가 전자
- 7 모든 원소의 원자가 전자 비교 →
- 전자 배치
- [Kr] 5s2 4d5
열역학적 특성
- 융해열
- 0.24667047 eV 모든 원소의 융해열 비교 →
- 기화열
- 5.182153 eV 모든 원소의 기화열 비교 →
- 승화열
- 6.063119 eV
- 원자화열
- 6.063119 eV
- 원자화 엔탈피
- 7.026999 eV
핵 특성
- 양성자 수
- 43 모든 원소의 양성자 수 비교 →
- 중성자 수
- 55 모든 원소의 중성자 수 비교 →
- 알려진 동위원소 수
- 40 모든 원소의 알려진 동위원소 수 비교 →
- 안정 동위원소 수
- 0 모든 원소의 안정 동위원소 수 비교 →
- 질량수(가장 안정한 동위원소)
- 98
- 가장 안정한 동위원소
- Tc-98
- 발견 연도
- 1937
존재비
해당 없음
결정 구조
- 격자 상수 a
- 274 pm
전자 구조
- 전자껍질별 전자 수
- 2, 8, 18, 13, 2 모든 원소의 전자껍질별 전자 수 비교 →
식별자
- CAS 등록 번호
- 7440-26-8 모든 원소의 CAS 등록 번호 비교 →
- 항 기호
- 6S5/2
- InChI
- InChI=1S/Tc
- InChI 키
- GKLVYJBZJHMRIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
전자 배치 측정값
Tc: 4d⁵ 5s²[Kr] 4d⁵ 5s²1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ 4d⁵ 5s²원자 모형
동위원소에 따라 중성자 수, 질량, 안정성은 달라지지만, 중성 원자의 전자 배치는 달라지지 않습니다.
개략적인 원자 모형이며 실제 비율과 다릅니다.
원자 지문
방출 / 흡수 스펙트럼
동위원소 분포
안정 동위원소가 없습니다.
| 질량수 | 원자 질량(u) | 천연 존재비 | 반감기 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 109 방사성 | 108.920256 ± 0.00001 | 해당 없음 | 905 ms |
| 110 방사성 | 109.923744 ± 0.00001 | 해당 없음 | 900 ms |
| 111 방사성 | 110.925901 ± 0.000011 | 해당 없음 | 350 ms |
| 112 방사성 | 111.9299458 ± 0.000006 | 해당 없음 | 323 ms |
| 94 방사성 | 93.9096536 ± 0.0000044 | 해당 없음 | 293 분 |
상 / 상태
이유: 녹는점(2156.85 °C)보다 2131.8 °C 낮음
개략도이며 실제 비율과 다름
상전이점
전이 에너지
녹는점에서 1 mol을 녹이는 데 필요한 에너지
끓는점에서 1 mol을 기화시키는 데 필요한 에너지
승화점에서 1 mol을 승화시키는 데 필요한 에너지
밀도
표준 조건에서
표준 조건에서
원자 스펙트럼
전체 43개 중 10개를 표시합니다. 이온 전하순으로 정렬되었습니다(오름차순).
보유 에너지 준위 데이터 ?
| 이온 | 전하 | 준위 |
|---|---|---|
| Tc I | 0 | 290 |
| Tc II | +1 | 34 |
| Tc III | +2 | 2 |
| Tc IV | +3 | 2 |
| Tc V | +4 | 2 |
| Tc VI | +5 | 2 |
| Tc VII | +6 | 2 |
| Tc VIII | +7 | 2 |
| Tc IX | +8 | 2 |
| Tc X | +9 | 2 |
이온 반지름
| 전하 | 배위 | 스핀 | 반지름 |
|---|---|---|---|
| +4 | 6 | 해당 없음 | 64.5 pm |
| +5 | 6 | 해당 없음 | 60 pm |
| +7 | 4 | 해당 없음 | 37 pm |
| +7 | 6 | 해당 없음 | 56.00000000000001 pm |
화합물
동위원소 (5)
Twenty-two isotopes of technetium with masses ranging from 90 to 111 are reported. All the isotopes of technetium are radioactive. It is one of two elements with Z < 83 that have no stable isotopes; the other element is promethium (Z = 61). Technetium has three long lived radioactive isotopes: 97Tc (T1/2 = 2.6 x 106 years), 98Tc (T1/2 = 4.2 x 106 years) and 99Tc (T1/2 = 2.1 x 105 years). 95Tcm ("m" stands for meta state) (T1/2 = 61 days) is used in tracer work. However, the most useful isotope of technetium is 99Tcm (T1/2 = 6.01 hours) is used in many medical radioactive isotope tests because of its half-life being short, the energy of the gamma ray it emits, and the ability of technetium to be chemically bound to many biologically active molecules. Because 99Tc is produced as a fission product from the fission of uranium in nuclear reactors, large quantities have been produced over the years. There are kilogram quantities of technetium currently existing.
| 질량수 | 원자 질량(u) | 천연 존재비 | 반감기 | 붕괴 방식 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 109 방사성 | 108.920256 ± 0.00001 | 해당 없음 | 905 ms | β- =100%β-n =0.08±0.2% | |
| 110 방사성 | 109.923744 ± 0.00001 | 해당 없음 | 900 ms | β- =100%β-n =0.04±0.2% | |
| 111 방사성 | 110.925901 ± 0.000011 | 해당 없음 | 350 ms | β- =100%β-n =0.85±2% | |
| 112 방사성 | 111.9299458 ± 0.000006 | 해당 없음 | 323 ms | β- =100%β-n =1.5±0.2% | |
| 94 방사성 | 93.9096536 ± 0.0000044 | 해당 없음 | 293 분 | β+ =100% |
스펙트럼선
전체 277개 중 50개를 표시합니다. 기본적으로 세기가 측정된 스펙트럼선만 표시됩니다.
| 파장(nm) | 세기 | 이온화 단계 | 유형 | 전이 | 정확도 | 출처 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 485.359 nm | 20000 | Tc I | emission | 4d6.(5D).5s 4D → 4d6.(5D).5p 4F* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 409.5662 nm | 15000 | Tc I | emission | 4d6.(5D).5s 6D → 4d6.(5D).5p 6D* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 408.8702 nm | 10000 | Tc I | emission | 4d6.(5D).5s 6D → 4d6.(5D).5p 6D* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 411.5065 nm | 10000 | Tc I | emission | 4d6.(5D).5s 6D → 4d6.(5D).5p 6D* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 416.5605 nm | 10000 | Tc I | emission | 4d6.(5D).5s 4D → 4d5.(6S).5s.(5S).5p 4P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 426.2245 nm | 10000 | Tc I | emission | 4d5.5s2 6S → 4d5.(6S).5s.(7S).5p 6P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 429.7034 nm | 10000 | Tc I | emission | 4d5.5s2 6S → 4d5.(6S).5s.(7S).5p 6P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 452.283 nm | 10000 | Tc I | emission | 4d6.(5D).5s 4D → 4d6.(5D).5p 4D* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 474.0602 nm | 10000 | Tc I | emission | 4d6.(5D).5s 4D → 4d6.(5D).5p 4F* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 482.0744 nm | 10000 | Tc I | emission | 4d5.(6S).5s.(7S).5p 8P* → 4d5.(6S).5s.(7S).6s e 8S | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 486.6732 nm | 10000 | Tc I | emission | 4d6.(5D).5s 4D → 4d6.(5D).5p 4F* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 412.4217 nm | 8000 | Tc I | emission | 4d6.(5D).5s 6D → 4d6.(5D).5p 6D* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 489.1909 nm | 8000 | Tc I | emission | 4d6.(5D).5s 4D → 4d6.(5D).5p 4F* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 414.4961 nm | 6000 | Tc I | emission | 4d6.(5D).5s 6D → 4d6.(5D).5p 6D* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 417.2523 nm | 5000 | Tc I | emission | 4d6.(5D).5s 6D → 4d6.(5D).5p 6D* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 497.6341 nm | 5000 | Tc I | emission | 4d5.(6S).5s.(7S).5p 8P* → 4d5.(6S).5s.(7S).6s e 8S | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 509.6269 nm | 5000 | Tc I | emission | 4d6.(5D).5s 4D → 4d6.(5D).5p 6F* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 417.0266 nm | 4000 | Tc I | emission | 4d6.(5D).5s 6D → 4d6.(5D).5p 6D* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 477.1539 nm | 4000 | Tc I | emission | 4d6.(5D).5s 4D → 4d6.(5D).5p 4F* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 414.5126 nm | 3000 | Tc I | emission | 4d6.(5D).5s 6D → 4d6.(5D).5p 6D* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 448.7049 nm | 3000 | Tc I | emission | 4d6.(5D).5s 4D → 4d6.(5D).5p 4D* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 463.7499 nm | 3000 | Tc I | emission | 4d6.(5D).5s 4D → 4d6.(5D).5p 4D* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 394.709 nm | 2000 | Tc I | emission | 4d6.(3H).5s 4H → 4d6.(3H).5p 2I* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 399.4498 nm | 2000 | Tc I | emission | 4d6.(3H).5s 4H → 4d6.(3H).5p 4G* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 402.0759 nm | 2000 | Tc I | emission | 4d6.(3H).5s 2H → 4d6.(3H).5p 2H* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 453.9513 nm | 2000 | Tc I | emission | 4d6.(5D).5s 4D → 4d6.(5D).5p 4D* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 456.4541 nm | 2000 | Tc I | emission | 4d6.(5D).5s 4D → 4d6.(5D).5p 4D* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 464.8328 nm | 2000 | Tc I | emission | 4d6.(5D).5s 4D → 4d6.(5D).5p 4D* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 466.9303 nm | 2000 | Tc I | emission | 4d6.(5D).5s 4D → 4d6.(5D).5p 4P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 471.7758 nm | 2000 | Tc I | emission | 4d6.(5D).5s 4D → 4d6.(5D).5p 4F* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 490.9509 nm | 2000 | Tc I | emission | 4d6.(5D).5s 4D → 4d6.(5D).5p 4F* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 517.4813 nm | 2000 | Tc I | emission | 4d6.(5D).5s 4D → 4d6.(5D).5p 6F* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 383.7565 nm | 1500 | Tc I | emission | 4d6.(3H).5s 4H → 4d6.(3H).5p 4I* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 564.2116 nm | 1500 | Tc I | emission | 4d6.(3F2).5s 4F → 4d6.(5D).5p 4D* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 386.8248 nm | 1000 | Tc I | emission | 4d6.(3H).5s 4H → 4d6.(3H).5p 4I* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 401.1998 nm | 1000 | Tc I | emission | 4d6.(3H).5s 4H → 4d5.(4D).5s.(5D).5p 6F* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 403.9232 nm | 1000 | Tc I | emission | 4d6.(3H).5s 4H → 4d6.(3H).5p 4G* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 411.0214 nm | 1000 | Tc I | emission | 4d6.(1I).5s 2I → 4d6.(1I).5p 2K* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 412.8263 nm | 1000 | Tc I | emission | 4d5.5s2 4G → 4d5.(4G).5s.(5G).5p 4H* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 416.966 nm | 1000 | Tc I | emission | 4d6.(3H).5s 4H → 4d5.(4G).5s.(5G).5p 4H* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 417.6253 nm | 1000 | Tc I | emission | 4d6.(5D).5s 6D → 4d6.(5D).5p 6D* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 426.2682 nm | 1000 | Tc I | emission | 4d6.(5D).5s 4D → 4d5.(6S).5s.(5S).5p 4P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 442.9581 nm | 1000 | Tc I | emission | 4d6.(5D).5s 4D → 4d6.(5D).5p 4D* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 448.1534 nm | 1000 | Tc I | emission | 4d6.(3H).5s 2H → 4d6.(3H).5p 4H* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 451.5974 nm | 1000 | Tc I | emission | 4d6.(3H).5s 2H → 4d6.(3H).5p 4H* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 455.7038 nm | 1000 | Tc I | emission | 4d6.(3F2).5s 4F → 4d6.(3F2).5p 4G* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 457.8438 nm | 1000 | Tc I | emission | 4d6.(3G).5s 4G → 4d6.(3H).5p 2I* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 459.3334 nm | 1000 | Tc I | emission | 4d6.(5D).5s 4D → 4d6.(5D).5p 4D* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 461.6842 nm | 1000 | Tc I | emission | 4d5.(6S).5s.(7S).5p 6P* → 4d5.(6S).5s.(7S).5d f 6D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 463.0527 nm | 1000 | Tc I | emission | 4d6.(5D).5s 4D → 4d6.(5D).5p 4D* | 측정값 | NIST |
확장 특성
공유 결합 반지름(확장)
- 공유 결합 반지름(Pyykkö)
- 128 pm
- 공유 결합 반지름(Pyykkö, 이중 결합)
- 120 pm
- 공유 결합 반지름(Pyykkö, 삼중 결합)
- 110 pm
반데르발스 반지름
- Batsanov
- 205 pm
- Alvarez
- 244 pm
- UFF
- 299.8 pm
- MM3
- 236 pm
원자 및 금속 반지름
- 원자 반지름(Rahm)
- 252 pm
- 금속 반지름(C12)
- 136 pm
번호 척도
- Mendeleev
- 56
- Pettifor
- 58
- Glawe
- 59
전기 음성도 척도
- Ghosh
- 0
- Miedema
- 5
- Gunnarsson–Lundqvist
- 5
- Robles–Bartolotti
- 4
분극률 및 분산
- 쌍극자 분극률
- 79 a.u.
- 쌍극자 분극률(불확도)
- 10 a.u.
- C₆ (Gould–Bučko)
- 939 Ha·Bohr6
미데마 매개변수
- 미데마 몰 부피
- 8.64 cm3/mol
- 미데마 전자 밀도
- 6
상전이 및 동소체
| 녹는점 | 2430.15 K |
| 끓는점 | 4535.15 K |
산화 상태 분류
심화 참고 데이터
차폐 상수 (10)
| n | 오비탈 | σ |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | s | 0.891 |
| 2 | p | 4.0592 |
| 2 | s | 11.3718 |
| 3 | d | 14.647 |
| 3 | p | 16.6159 |
| 3 | s | 16.2088 |
| 4 | d | 30.118 |
| 4 | p | 27.1888 |
| 4 | s | 25.8016 |
| 5 | s | 35.7735 |
결정 반지름 상세 정보 (4)
| 전하 | CN | 스핀 | rcrystal (pm) | 기원 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 | VI | 78.5 | from r^3 vs V plots, from metallic oxides, | |
| 5 | VI | 74 | estimated, from r^3 vs V plots, | |
| 7 | IV | 51 | ||
| 7 | VI | 70 | Ahrens (1952) ionic radius, |
동위원소 붕괴 방식 (70)
| 동위원소 | 모드 | 세기 |
|---|---|---|
| 83 | p | — |
| 83 | B+ | — |
| 83 | B+p | — |
| 84 | p | — |
| 84 | B+ | — |
| 84 | B+p | — |
| 85 | p | — |
| 86 | B+ | 100% |
| 86 | B+p | — |
| 87 | B+ | 100% |
X선 산란 인자 (508)
| 에너지 (eV) | f₁ | f₂ |
|---|---|---|
| 10 | — | 1.1689 |
| 10.1617 | — | 1.2263 |
| 10.3261 | — | 1.28651 |
| 10.4931 | — | 1.34968 |
| 10.6628 | — | 1.41595 |
| 10.8353 | — | 1.48547 |
| 11.0106 | — | 1.55841 |
| 11.1886 | — | 1.63493 |
| 11.3696 | — | 1.7152 |
| 11.5535 | — | 1.7906 |
추가 데이터
Estimated Crustal Abundance
The estimated element abundance in the earth's crust.
Not Applicable
참고 문헌 (1)
- [5] Technetium https://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele043.html
Estimated Oceanic Abundance
The estimated element abundance in the earth's oceans.
Not Applicable
참고 문헌 (1)
- [5] Technetium https://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele043.html
참고 문헌
(9)
Data deposited in or computed by PubChem
The half-life and atomic mass data was provided by the Atomic Mass Data Center at the International Atomic Energy Agency.
Element data are cited from the Atomic weights of the elements (an IUPAC Technical Report). The IUPAC periodic table of elements can be found at https://iupac.org/what-we-do/periodic-table-of-elements/. Additional information can be found within IUPAC publication doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0703 Copyright © 2020 International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.
The information are cited from Pure Appl. Chem. 2018; 90(12): 1833-2092, https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2015-0703.
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jefferson Lab) is one of 17 national laboratories funded by the U.S. Department of Energy. The lab's primary mission is to conduct basic research of the atom's nucleus using the lab's unique particle accelerator, known as the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF). For more information visit https://www.jlab.org/
The periodic table at the LANL (Los Alamos National Laboratory) contains basic element information together with the history, source, properties, use, handling and more. The provenance data may be found from the link under the source name.
The periodic table contains NIST's critically-evaluated data on atomic properties of the elements. The provenance data that include data for atomic spectroscopy, X-ray and gamma ray, radiation dosimetry, nuclear physics, and condensed matter physics may be found from the link under the source name. Ref: https://www.nist.gov/pml/atomic-spectra-database
This section provides all form of data related to element Technetium.
The element property data was retrieved from publications.