Boron (B)
metalloidSolid
標準原子量
10.81 u [10.806, 10.821]電子配置
[He] 2s2 2p1融点
2074.85 °C沸点
3999.85 °C密度
2370 kg/m³酸化数
−5, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3電気陰性度（Pauling）
2.04第1イオン化エネルギー
8.298019 eV発見年
1808原子半径
85 pm詳細
Boron is a light metalloid in group 13, notable for electron-deficient bonding and a rich cluster chemistry. It occurs naturally only in compounds, mainly as borates in evaporite minerals and brines. Elemental boron is difficult to prepare in high purity and has several allotropes built from B₁₂ icosahedra. Technologically, boron is most important through borate minerals, borosilicate glass, detergents, ceramics, fertilizers, and neutron-absorbing materials.
An element of group 13 of the periodic table. There are two allotropes, amorphous boron is a brown power, but metallic boron is black. The metallic form is hard (9.3 on Mohs' scale) and a bad conductor in room temperatures. It is never found free in nature. Boron-10 is used in nuclear reactor control rods and shields. It was discovered in 1808 by Sir Humphry Davy and by J.L. Gay-Lussac and L.J. Thenard.
The name derives from the Arabic buraq for "white". Although its compounds were known for thousands of years, it was not isolated until 1808 by the French chemists Louis-Joseph Gay-Lussac and Louis-Jacques Thenard.
Boron was discovered by Joseph-Louis Gay-Lussac and Louis-Jaques Thénard, French chemists, and independently by Sir Humphry Davy, an English chemist, in 1808. They all isolated boron by combining boric acid (H3BO3) with potassium. Today, boron is obtained by heating borax (Na2B4O7·10H2O) with carbon, although other methods are used if high-purity boron is required.
From the Arabic word Buraq, Persian Burah. Boron compounds have been known for thousands of years, but the element was not discovered until 1808 by Sir Humphry Davy and by Gay-Lussac and Thenard.
Pure boron is usually encountered as a dark brown to black, hard, brittle solid with a semiconducting character. Amorphous boron is a powder, while crystalline allotropes have a dark, lustrous appearance; their properties depend strongly on purity and structure.
Most boron use is in compounds rather than the free element. Borates are used in glass fiber insulation, borosilicate glass, enamels, ceramics, detergents, flame retardants, and micronutrient fertilizers. Boron carbide, B₄C, is used in armor, abrasives, and control rods because it is very hard and absorbs neutrons. Elemental boron is used in small amounts in specialty alloys, pyrotechnic compositions, and semiconductor work. The isotope ¹⁰B is important in neutron detection, reactor control, and boron neutron capture therapy research and applications.
Boron is used in pyrotechnics and flares to produce a green color. Boron has also been used in some rockets as an ignition source. Boron-10, one of the naturally occurring isotopes of boron, is a good absorber of neutrons and is used in the control rods of nuclear reactors, as a radiation shield and as a neutron detector. Boron filaments are used in the aerospace industry because of their high-strength and lightweight.
Boron forms several commercially important compounds. The most important boron compound is sodium borate pentahydrate (Na2B4O7·5H2O). Large amounts of this compound are used in the manufacture of fiberglass insulation and sodium perborate bleach. The second most important compound is boric acid (H3BO3), which is used to manufacture textile fiberglass and is used in cellulose insulation as a flame retardant. Sodium borate decahydrate (Na2B4O7·10H2O), better known as borax, is the third most important boron compound. Borax is used in laundry products and as a mild antiseptic. Borax is also a key ingredient in a substance known as Oobleck, a strange material 6th grade students experiment with while participating in Jefferson Lab's BEAMS program. Other boron compounds are used to make borosilicate glasses, enamels for covering steel and as a potential medicine for treating arthritis.
Amorphous boron is used in pyrotechnic flares to provide a distinctive green color, and in rockets as an igniter.
By far the most commercially important boron compound in terms of dollar sales is Na2B4O7 • 5H2O. This pentahydrate is used in very large quantities in the manufacture of insulation fiberglass and sodium perborate bleach.
Boric acid is also an important boron compound with major markets in textile products. Use of borax as a mild antiseptic is minor in economical terms. Boron compounds are also extensively used in the manufacture of borosilicate glasses. Other boron compounds show promise in treating arthritis.
The isotope boron-10 is used as a control for nuclear reactors, as a shield for nuclear radiation, and in instruments used for detecting neutrons. Boron nitride has remarkable properties and can be used to make a material as hard as diamond. The nitride also behaves like an electrical insulator but conducts heat like a metal.
Boron also has lubricating properties similar to graphite. The hydrides are easily oxidized with considerable energy liberation, and have been studied for use as rocket fuels. Demand is increasing for boron filaments, a high-strength, lightweight material chiefly employed for advanced aerospace structures.
Boron is similar to carbon in that it has a capacity to form stable covalently bonded molecular networks. Carbonates, metalloboranes, phosphacarboranes, and other families comprise thousands of compounds.
Isotopes in Earth/Planetary Science
Molecules, atoms, and ions of the stable isotopes of boron possess slightly different physical and chemical properties, and they commonly will be fractionated during physical, chemical, and biological processes, giving rise to variations in isotopic abundances and in atomic weights. Natural terrestrial materials show a substantial variation in boron isotopic abundance (Fig. IUPAC.5.1). The relative abundances of 10B and 11B have been used in a variety of environmental tracer applications [51] A. Vengosh, K. G. Heumann, S. Jaraske, R. Kasher. Environ. Sci. Technol.28, 1968 (1994)., [52] A. Vengosh. Biol. Trace Elem. Res.66, 145 (1998).. The isotope-amount ratio n(11B)/n(10B) of boron in a water sample depends on the source of the water and region through which the water flows, and it may also be affected by some types of contamination, such as dissolved borate in domestic wastewater. Different water sources may have their own distinct boron isotopic composition, e.g. seawater versus water from continental sources (Fig. IUPAC.5.1).
Isotopes in Industry
The large value of the absorption cross section of 10B for thermal neutrons makes this isotope useful for counting neutrons. 10B is being studied as a potential replacement for 3He in radiation detectors [32] G. V. Jean. Advancing Hidden Nuclear Material Detection, National Defense Industrial Association (2014), Feb. 28; http://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/archive/2010/December/Pages/AdvancingHiddenNuclearMaterialDetection.aspx., [53] L. Foulke. Director of Nuclear Education Outreach, University of Pittsburgh. Introduction to Reactivity and Reactor Control, IAEA Workshop on Desktop Simulation (2014), Feb. 22; http://www.iaea.org/NuclearPower/Downloadable/Meetings/2011/2011-10-03-10-14-WS-NPTD/Foulke.1-Introduction.Reactivity.pdf., [54] P. Frame. Boron Trifluoride (BF3) Neutron Detectors, Oak Ridge Associated Universities (2014), Feb. 22; http://www.orau.org/PTP/collection/proportional%20counters/bf3info.htm.. The large thermal absorption cross section of 10B makes the isotope useful in control rods (Fig. IUPAC.5.2) [55] United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Pressurized Water Reactors, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (2014), Feb. 22; http://www.nrc.gov/reactors/pwrs.html..
Isotopes in Medicine
10B has a high thermal neutron absorption cross section and can readily absorb neutrons via the reaction 10B+n→ 7Li+α. The alpha particles resulting from this reaction carry away a relatively large kinetic energy and are useful for the treatment of malignant tumors in cancer patients [56] D. Gabel. Radiother Oncol.30, 199 (1994)., [57] D. N. Slatkin. Neutron News1, 25 (1990)., [58] R. F. Barth, J. A. Coderre, M. C. G. Vicente, T. E. Blue. Clin. Cancer Res.11, 3987 (2005)..
Boron commonly shows the +3 oxidation state, but its bonding is often better described by electron-deficient multicenter structures. Boric acid, H₃BO₃, is a weak Lewis acid in water and a precursor to many borates. Borax, Na₂B₄O₇·10H₂O, is a major industrial borate. Boron trioxide, B₂O₃, is a glass-forming oxide. Boron trifluoride, BF₃, is a strong Lewis acid used in synthesis, while diborane, B₂H₆, illustrates boron hydride cluster chemistry. Boron nitride, BN, occurs in graphite-like and diamond-like forms with useful thermal and mechanical properties.
See more information at the Boron compound page.
Elemental boron is not highly toxic in compact form, but fine powders can irritate eyes, skin, and the respiratory tract and may be combustible under some conditions. Soluble borates and boric acid, H₃BO₃, can be harmful at sufficient dose, especially with repeated or high exposure. Boron trifluoride, BF₃, and diborane, B₂H₆, are far more hazardous: the former is corrosive and toxic, and the latter is toxic and flammable. Neutron-absorbing ¹⁰B is stable and is not itself radioactive.
Elemental boron and the borates are not considered to be toxic, and they do not require special care in handling. However, some of the more exotic boron hydrogen compounds are definitely toxic and do require care.
Boron is a natural trace element in rocks, soils, seawater, geothermal waters, and evaporite deposits. Weathering releases borate species that are mobile in water, especially under neutral to alkaline conditions. It is an essential micronutrient for higher plants, but the margin between deficiency and toxicity can be narrow in sensitive crops. Natural and industrial sources include volcanic emissions, seawater aerosols, mining, glass manufacture, detergents, and irrigation return flows.
Boron is supplied almost entirely from borate minerals and boron-rich brines, not from mining elemental boron. Major commercial materials include borax, kernite, ulexite, and colemanite, which are refined into boric acid, H₃BO₃, borax, Na₂B₄O₇·10H₂O, and other borates. Demand is led by glass, fiberglass, ceramics, detergents, agriculture, and specialty chemical uses. High-purity elemental boron and isotopically enriched ¹⁰B are much smaller specialty markets, with enrichment adding significant cost. Recycling is limited because boron is often dispersed in glass, ceramics, or formulations.
The element is not found free in nature, but occurs as orthoboric acid usually found in certain volcanic spring waters and as borates in boron and colemantie.
Important sources of boron are ore rasorite (kernite) and tincal (borax ore). Both of these ores are found in the Mojave Desert. Tincal is the most important source of boron from the Mojave. Extensive borax deposits are also found in Turkey.
Boron exists naturally as 19.78% 10B isotope and 80.22% 11B isotope. High-purity crystalline boron may be prepared by the vapor phase reduction of boron trichloride or tribromide with hydrogen on electrically heated filaments. The impure or amorphous, boron, a brownish-black powder, can be obtained by heating the trioxide with magnesium powder.
Boron of 99.9999% purity has been produced and is available commercially. Elemental boron has an energy band gap of 1.50 to 1.56 eV, which is higher than that of either silicon or germanium.
Boron is rare in the universe compared with neighboring light elements. It is not made efficiently by ordinary stellar fusion and is readily destroyed at stellar interior temperatures. Most cosmic boron is attributed to spallation reactions in which cosmic rays fragment heavier nuclei such as carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen. In the Solar System it is concentrated mainly in crustal and evaporitic materials rather than metallic or volatile reservoirs.
- Natural boron is mainly a mixture of ¹⁰B and ¹¹B.
- The large neutron-capture cross section of ¹⁰B gives boron unusual nuclear importance for a light element.
- Many crystalline boron structures are based on B₁₂ icosahedra rather than simple close packing.
- Boron deficiency and boron toxicity can both occur in agriculture.
- Borosilicate glass resists thermal shock partly because boron lowers thermal expansion.
- Boron carbide, B₄C, is one of the hardest widely used ceramic materials.
画像
性質
物理的性質
- 原子半径（経験値）
- 85 pm 全元素の原子半径（経験値）を比較 →
- 共有結合半径
- 84 pm 全元素の共有結合半径を比較 →
- ファンデルワールス半径
- 192 pm 全元素のファンデルワールス半径を比較 →
- 金属半径
- 80 pm 全元素の金属半径を比較 →
- 密度
- 2370 kg/m³ 全元素の密度を比較 →
- モル体積
- 0.0046 L/mol
- 標準温度・圧力（STP）での相
- 固体 全元素の標準温度・圧力（STP）での相を比較 →
- 融点
- 2074.85 °C 全元素の融点を比較 →
- 沸点
- 3999.85 °C 全元素の沸点を比較 →
- 熱伝導率
- 27.4 W/(m·K) 全元素の熱伝導率を比較 →
- 比熱容量
- 1.026 J/(g·K) 全元素の比熱容量を比較 →
- モル熱容量
- 11.087 J/(mol·K) 全元素のモル熱容量を比較 →
- 結晶構造
- 正方晶系 全元素の結晶構造を比較 →
化学的性質
- 電気陰性度（Pauling）
- 2.04 全元素の電気陰性度（Pauling）を比較 →
- 電気陰性度（Allen）
- 2.051
- 電子親和力
- 0.27972 eV
- 第1イオン化エネルギー
- 8.298019 eV 全元素の第1イオン化エネルギーを比較 →
- 第2イオン化エネルギー
- 25.154917 eV 全元素の第2イオン化エネルギーを比較 →
- 第3イオン化エネルギー
- 37.930721 eV 全元素の第3イオン化エネルギーを比較 →
- 第4イオン化エネルギー
- 259.375272 eV 全元素の第4イオン化エネルギーを比較 →
- 第5イオン化エネルギー
- 340.227194 eV 全元素の第5イオン化エネルギーを比較 →
- 酸化数
- −5, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3 全元素の酸化数を比較 →
- 価電子
- 3 全元素の価電子を比較 →
- 電子配置
- [He] 2s2 2p1
熱力学的性質
- 融解熱
- 0.52028813 eV 全元素の融解熱を比較 →
- 蒸発熱
- 4.974867 eV 全元素の蒸発熱を比較 →
- 昇華熱
- 5.855833 eV
- 原子化熱
- 5.855833 eV
- 原子化エンタルピー
- 5.855833 eV
原子核
- 陽子数
- 5 全元素の陽子数を比較 →
- 中性子数
- 6 全元素の中性子数を比較 →
- 既知の同位体
- 16 全元素の既知の同位体を比較 →
- 安定同位体
- 2 全元素の安定同位体を比較 →
- 最も安定な同位体
- B-11
- 発見年
- 1808
存在度
- 存在度（地殻）
- 10 mg/kg 全元素の存在度（地殻）を比較 →
- 存在度（海洋）
- 4.44 mg/L 全元素の存在度（海洋）を比較 →
結晶構造
- 格子定数a
- 873 pm
電子構造
- 各電子殻の電子数
- 2, 3 全元素の各電子殻の電子数を比較 →
識別子
- CAS登録番号
- 7440-42-8 全元素のCAS登録番号を比較 →
- 項記号
- 2P°1/2
- InChI
- InChI=1S/B
- InChI Key
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
電子配置 測定値
B: 2s² 2p¹[He] 2s² 2p¹1s² 2s² 2p¹原子モデル
同位体によって中性子数、質量、安定性は変わりますが、中性原子の電子配置は変わりません。
模式的な原子モデルです。実際の縮尺とは異なります。
原子の指紋
発光／吸収スペクトル
同位体分布
| 質量数 | 原子質量（u） | 天然存在比 | 半減期 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 安定 | 10.01293695 ± 0.00000041 | 19.9000% | 安定 |
| 11 安定 | 11.00930536 ± 0.00000045 | 80.1000% | 安定 |
相／状態
理由: 融点（2074.85 °C）より2049.8 °C低い
模式図、実際の縮尺とは異なります
相転移点
相転移エネルギー
融点で1 molを融解させるのに必要なエネルギー
沸点で1 molを蒸発させるのに必要なエネルギー
昇華点で1 molを昇華させるのに必要なエネルギー
密度
標準条件下
標準条件下
原子スペクトル
スペクトル線データの収録状況 ?
| イオン | 電荷 | スペクトル線の総数 | 遷移確率 | 準位の表記 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| B I | 0 | 371 | 269 | 371 |
| 11B I 同位体 | 0 | 53 | 0 | 53 |
| 10B I 同位体 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 11 |
| B II | +1 | 592 | 435 | 592 |
| 10B II 同位体 | +1 | 9 | 0 | 9 |
| 11B II 同位体 | +1 | 9 | 0 | 9 |
| B III | +2 | 390 | 106 | 390 |
| B IV | +3 | 478 | 234 | 478 |
| B V | +4 | 258 | 240 | 258 |
準位データの収録状況 ?
| イオン | 電荷 | 準位 |
|---|---|---|
| B I | 0 | 125 |
| 11B I 同位体 | 0 | 69 |
| 10B I 同位体 | 0 | 29 |
| B II | +1 | 157 |
| 10B II 同位体 | +1 | 10 |
| 11B II 同位体 | +1 | 10 |
| B III | +2 | 150 |
| B IV | +3 | 174 |
| B V | +4 | 101 |
イオン半径
| 電荷 | 配位 | スピン | 半径 |
|---|---|---|---|
| +3 | 3 | データなし | 1 pm |
| +3 | 4 | データなし | 11 pm |
| +3 | 6 | データなし | 27 pm |
化合物
同位体 (2)
| 質量数 | 原子質量（u） | 天然存在比 | 半減期 | 崩壊形式 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10 安定 | 10.01293695 ± 0.00000041 | 19.9000% ± 0.7000% | 安定 | stable | |
| 11 安定 | 11.00930536 ± 0.00000045 | 80.1000% ± 0.7000% | 安定 | stable |
スペクトル線
| 波長（nm） | 強度 | 電離段階 | 種類 | 遷移 | 精度 | 出典 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 391.482 nm | データなし | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.2p 1P* → 1s2.2p2 3P | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 391.687 nm | データなし | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.2p 1P* → 1s2.2p2 3P | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 391.817 nm | データなし | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.2p 1P* → 1s2.2p2 3P | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 394.447 nm | データなし | B II | emission | 1s2.2p.3d 3F* → 1s2.2p.4f 3F | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 394.587 nm | データなし | B II | emission | 1s2.2p.3d 3F* → 1s2.2p.4f 3F | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 394.82 nm | データなし | B II | emission | 1s2.2p.3d 3F* → 1s2.2p.4f 3F | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 395.038 nm | 18 | B II | emission | 1s2.2p.3d 1D* → 1s2.2p.4f 1F | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 395.1698 nm | データなし | B II | emission | 1s2.2p2 1D → 1s2.2p2 1S | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 399.024 nm | 70 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4p 1P* → 1s2.2s.8d 1D | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 400.017 nm | 136 | B III | emission | 1s.2s.(3S).4d 4D → 1s.2s.(3S).5f 4F* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 412.1928 nm | データなし | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 3D → 1s2.2s.4f 3F* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 412.1928 nm | データなし | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 3D → 1s2.2s.4f 3F* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 412.1928 nm | データなし | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 3D → 1s2.2s.4f 3F* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 412.1928 nm | データなし | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 3D → 1s2.2s.4f 3F* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 412.1928 nm | データなし | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 3D → 1s2.2s.4f 3F* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 412.1928 nm | データなし | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 3D → 1s2.2s.4f 3F* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 414.697 nm | データなし | B III | emission | 1s2.5d 2D → 1s2.8f 2F* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 414.708 nm | データなし | B III | emission | 1s2.5d 2D → 1s2.8f 2F* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 414.708 nm | データなし | B III | emission | 1s2.5d 2D → 1s2.8f 2F* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 415.284 nm | データなし | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4p 3P* → 1s2.2p.3p 3P | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 415.284 nm | データなし | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4p 3P* → 1s2.2p.3p 3P | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 415.471 nm | データなし | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4p 3P* → 1s2.2p.3p 3P | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 415.471 nm | データなし | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4p 3P* → 1s2.2p.3p 3P | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 415.471 nm | データなし | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4p 3P* → 1s2.2p.3p 3P | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 415.584 nm | データなし | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4p 3P* → 1s2.2p.3p 3P | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 417.896 nm | データなし | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s.2p2 2P | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 417.927 nm | データなし | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s.2p2 2P | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 418.099 nm | データなし | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s.2p2 2P | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 418.13 nm | データなし | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s.2p2 2P | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 419.4792 nm | 180 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 1P* → 1s2.2s.4s 1S | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 419.773 nm | 30 | B IV | emission | 1s.5s 3S → 1s.6p 3P* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 424.3 nm | 300 | B III | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.5d 2D | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 424.359 nm | データなし | B III | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.5d 2D | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 424.37 nm | データなし | B III | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.5d 2D | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 427.274 nm | 50 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4s 3S → 1s2.2s.6p 3P* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 429.571 nm | 50 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4p 1P* → 1s2.2s.7d 1D | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 436.147 nm | 60 | B III | emission | 1s.2p.(3P*).4f 2F → 1s.2p.(3P*).5g 2G* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 436.61 nm | 100 | B III | emission | 1s.2p.(3P*).4f 4F → 1s.2p.(3P*).5g 4G* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 443.11 nm | データなし | B II | emission | 1s2.2p.3d 3D* → 1s2.2p.4f 3F | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 443.185 nm | データなし | B II | emission | 1s2.2p.3d 3D* → 1s2.2p.4f 3F | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 443.291 nm | データなし | B II | emission | 1s2.2p.3d 3D* → 1s2.2p.4f 3F | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 445.943 nm | データなし | B IV | emission | 1s.5p 3P* → 1s.6d 3D | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 445.943 nm | データなし | B IV | emission | 1s.5p 3P* → 1s.6d 3D | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 445.943 nm | データなし | B IV | emission | 1s.5p 3P* → 1s.6d 3D | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 447.112 nm | データなし | B III | emission | 1s2.5s 2S → 1s2.7p 2P* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 447.112 nm | データなし | B III | emission | 1s2.5s 2S → 1s2.7p 2P* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 447.2029 nm | データなし | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.4s 3S | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 447.2151 nm | データなし | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.4s 3S | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 447.2862 nm | 470 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.4s 3S | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 448.692 nm | データなし | B III | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.5f 2F* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 448.71 nm | データなし | B III | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.5f 2F* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 449.09 nm | 20 | B IV | emission | 1s.2s 1S → 1s.2p 1P* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 449.773 nm | 1700 | B III | emission | 1s2.4f 2F* → 1s2.5g 2G | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 449.853 nm | データなし | B III | emission | 1s2.4f 2F* → 1s2.5f 2F* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 449.859 nm | データなし | B III | emission | 1s2.4f 2F* → 1s2.5f 2F* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 450.481 nm | データなし | B III | emission | 1s2.4f 2F* → 1s2.5d 2D | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 450.482 nm | データなし | B III | emission | 1s2.4f 2F* → 1s2.5d 2D | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 451.9912773 nm | データなし | B V | emission | 7i 2I → 9k 2K* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 451.9946377 nm | データなし | B V | emission | 7i 2I → 9k 2K* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 453.229 nm | データなし | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4f 1F* → 1s2.2p.3p 1D | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 459.72 nm | データなし | B III | emission | 1s.2s.(3S).4d 4D → 1s.2s.(3S).5p 4P* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 459.73 nm | データなし | B III | emission | 1s.2p.(3P*).4p 4P → 1s.2p.(3P*).5s 4P* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 461.114 nm | データなし | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4p 3P* → 1s2.2p.3p 3S | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 461.114 nm | データなし | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4p 3P* → 1s2.2p.3p 3S | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 461.114 nm | データなし | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4p 3P* → 1s2.2p.3p 3S | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 461.32 nm | データなし | B IV | emission | 1s.5d 3D → 1s.6p 1P* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 463.217 nm | データなし | B III | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.5p 2P* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 463.243 nm | データなし | B III | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.5p 2P* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 463.263 nm | データなし | B III | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.5p 2P* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 464.69 nm | データなし | B IV | emission | 1s.5d 3D → 1s.6f 1F* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 464.69 nm | データなし | B IV | emission | 1s.5d 3D → 1s.6f 1F* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 464.701 nm | データなし | B IV | emission | 1s.5d 3D → 1s.6f 3F* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 464.701 nm | データなし | B IV | emission | 1s.5d 3D → 1s.6f 3F* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 464.701 nm | データなし | B IV | emission | 1s.5d 3D → 1s.6f 3F* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 464.701 nm | データなし | B IV | emission | 1s.5d 3D → 1s.6f 3F* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 464.701 nm | データなし | B IV | emission | 1s.5d 3D → 1s.6f 3F* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 464.701 nm | データなし | B IV | emission | 1s.5d 3D → 1s.6f 3F* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 465.58 nm | データなし | B IV | emission | 1s.5d 1D → 1s.6f 1F* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 465.786 nm | データなし | B IV | emission | 1s.5f 3F* → 1s.6g 3G | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 465.786 nm | データなし | B IV | emission | 1s.5f 3F* → 1s.6g 3G | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 465.786 nm | データなし | B IV | emission | 1s.5f 3F* → 1s.6g 3G | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 465.8 nm | データなし | B IV | emission | 1s.5f 1F* → 1s.6g 3G | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 465.815 nm | データなし | B IV | emission | 1s.5g 3G → 1s.6h 3H* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 465.815 nm | データなし | B IV | emission | 1s.5g 3G → 1s.6h 3H* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 465.815 nm | データなし | B IV | emission | 1s.5g 3G → 1s.6h 3H* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 465.815 nm | データなし | B IV | emission | 1s.5g 1G → 1s.6h 3H* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 465.92 nm | データなし | B IV | emission | 1s.5g 1G → 1s.6f 1F* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 465.92 nm | データなし | B IV | emission | 1s.5g 3G → 1s.6f 1F* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 465.92 nm | データなし | B IV | emission | 1s.5g 3G → 1s.6f 1F* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 465.927 nm | データなし | B IV | emission | 1s.5g 3G → 1s.6f 3F* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 465.927 nm | データなし | B IV | emission | 1s.5g 3G → 1s.6f 3F* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 465.927 nm | データなし | B IV | emission | 1s.5g 3G → 1s.6f 3F* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 465.927 nm | データなし | B IV | emission | 1s.5g 1G → 1s.6f 3F* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 468.31 nm | データなし | B IV | emission | 1s.5p 1P* → 1s.6p 1P* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 468.481 nm | データなし | B IV | emission | 1s.6g 3G → 1s.8h 3H* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 468.489 nm | データなし | B IV | emission | 1s.6f 3F* → 1s.8g 3G | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 468.489 nm | データなし | B IV | emission | 1s.6f 3F* → 1s.8g 3G | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 468.489 nm | データなし | B IV | emission | 1s.6f 3F* → 1s.8g 3G | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 468.5 nm | データなし | B IV | emission | 1s.6h 3H* → 1s.8i 3I | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 471.612 nm | 15 | B II | emission | 1s2.2p.3d 1D* → 1s2.2p.4p 1P | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 471.99 nm | データなし | B IV | emission | 1s.5p 1P* → 1s.6d 1D | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 477.384 nm | データなし | B IV | emission | 1s.5d 3D → 1s.6p 3P* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 477.384 nm | データなし | B IV | emission | 1s.5d 3D → 1s.6p 3P* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 477.384 nm | データなし | B IV | emission | 1s.5d 3D → 1s.6p 3P* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 478.42 nm | データなし | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 3D → 1s2.2s.4p 3P* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 478.42 nm | データなし | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 3D → 1s2.2s.4p 3P* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 478.4203 nm | データなし | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 3D → 1s2.2s.4p 3P* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 478.4203 nm | データなし | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 3D → 1s2.2s.4p 3P* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 478.4203 nm | データなし | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 3D → 1s2.2s.4p 3P* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 478.4203 nm | データなし | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 3D → 1s2.2s.4p 3P* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 481.276 nm | データなし | B IV | emission | 1s.5p 3P* → 1s.6s 3S | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 481.276 nm | データなし | B IV | emission | 1s.5p 3P* → 1s.6s 3S | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 481.276 nm | データなし | B IV | emission | 1s.5p 3P* → 1s.6s 3S | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 491.746 nm | 500 | B III | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.5s 2S | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 491.84 nm | 500 | B III | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.5s 2S | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 494.0365 nm | 440 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 1D → 1s2.2s.4f 1F* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 494.4788284 nm | データなし | B V | emission | 6h 2H* → 7i 2I | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 494.4864305 nm | データなし | B V | emission | 6h 2H* → 7i 2I | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 498.848 nm | データなし | B III | emission | 1s2.5p 2P* → 1s2.7d 2D | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 498.901 nm | データなし | B III | emission | 1s2.5p 2P* → 1s2.7d 2D | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 512.579 nm | データなし | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4d 3D → 1s2.2s.7f 3F* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 512.579 nm | データなし | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4d 3D → 1s2.2s.7f 3F* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 512.579 nm | データなし | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4d 3D → 1s2.2s.7f 3F* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 515.776 nm | データなし | B III | emission | 1s2.5d 2D → 1s2.7f 2F* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 515.793 nm | データなし | B III | emission | 1s2.5d 2D → 1s2.7f 2F* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 516.57 nm | データなし | B III | emission | 1s2.5f 2F* → 1s2.7g 2G | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 516.579 nm | データなし | B III | emission | 1s2.5f 2F* → 1s2.7g 2G | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 522.65 nm | データなし | B III | emission | 1s2.5d 2D → 1s2.7p 2P* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 522.65 nm | データなし | B III | emission | 1s2.5d 2D → 1s2.7p 2P* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 522.667 nm | データなし | B III | emission | 1s2.5d 2D → 1s2.7p 2P* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 526.311 nm | データなし | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4f 3F* → 1s2.2s.7g 3G | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 526.311 nm | データなし | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4f 3F* → 1s2.2s.7g 3G | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 526.311 nm | データなし | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4f 3F* → 1s2.2s.7g 3G | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 529.28 nm | データなし | B III | emission | 1s2.5p 2P* → 1s2.7s 2S | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 529.34 nm | データなし | B III | emission | 1s2.5p 2P* → 1s2.7s 2S | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 534.765 nm | 15 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4s 1S → 1s2.2p.3s 1P* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 539.322 nm | 30 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4p 1P* → 1s2.2p.3p 1P | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 550.4527 nm | データなし | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2D → 2s2.11f 2F* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 550.4622 nm | データなし | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2D → 2s2.11f 2F* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 556.3146 nm | データなし | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2D → 2s2.10f 2F* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 556.3244 nm | データなし | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2D → 2s2.10f 2F* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 563.30717 nm | データなし | B I | emission | 2s2.3s 2S → 2s2.4p 2P* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 563.32732 nm | データなし | B I | emission | 2s2.3s 2S → 2s2.4p 2P* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 564.4278 nm | データなし | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2D → 2s2.9f 2F* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 564.4379 nm | データなし | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2D → 2s2.9f 2F* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 576.1901 nm | データなし | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2D → 2s2.8f 2F* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 576.1901 nm | データなし | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2D → 2s2.8f 2F* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 576.2006 nm | データなし | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2D → 2s2.8f 2F* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 578.747 nm | データなし | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4s 3S → 1s2.2s.5p 3P* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 578.747 nm | データなし | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4s 3S → 1s2.2s.5p 3P* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 578.747 nm | データなし | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4s 3S → 1s2.2s.5p 3P* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 581.833 nm | 60 | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2P → 2s.2p.(3P*).3d 2D* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 582.116 nm | 100 | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2P → 2s.2p.(3P*).3d 2D* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 582.228 nm | 10 | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2P → 2s.2p.(3P*).3d 2D* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 594.2619 nm | データなし | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2D → 2s2.7f 2F* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 594.2619 nm | データなし | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2D → 2s2.7f 2F* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 594.2731 nm | データなし | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2D → 2s2.7f 2F* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 601.35 nm | データなし | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4p 3P* → 1s2.2s.6s 3S | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 601.35 nm | データなし | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4p 3P* → 1s2.2s.6s 3S | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 601.35 nm | データなし | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4p 3P* → 1s2.2s.6s 3S | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 602.772 nm | データなし | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s2.8d 2D | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 602.837 nm | データなし | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s2.8d 2D | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 602.837 nm | データなし | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s2.8d 2D | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 608.039 nm | 85 | B II | emission | 1s2.2p2 1S → 1s2.2s.3p 1P* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 612.224 nm | データなし | B II | emission | 1s2.2p2 1S → 1s2.2s.3p 3P* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 612.508 nm | 93 | B III | emission | 1s.2s.(3S).3s 4S → 1s.2s.(3S).3p 4P* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 612.752 nm | データなし | B III | emission | 1s.2s.(3S).3s 4S → 1s.2s.(3S).3p 4P* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 612.797 nm | データなし | B III | emission | 1s.2s.(3S).3s 4S → 1s.2s.(3S).3p 4P* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 614.891 nm | データなし | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4d 3D → 1s2.2s.6f 3F* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 614.891 nm | データなし | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4d 3D → 1s2.2s.6f 3F* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 614.891 nm | データなし | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4d 3D → 1s2.2s.6f 3F* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 614.891 nm | データなし | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4d 3D → 1s2.2s.6f 3F* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 614.891 nm | データなし | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4d 3D → 1s2.2s.6f 3F* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 614.891 nm | データなし | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4d 3D → 1s2.2s.6f 3F* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 617.867 nm | データなし | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s2.8s 2S | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 617.936 nm | データなし | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s2.8s 2S | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 618.638 nm | データなし | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4f 3F* → 1s2.2p.3p 3D | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 618.638 nm | データなし | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4f 3F* → 1s2.2p.3p 3D | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 618.638 nm | データなし | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4f 3F* → 1s2.2p.3p 3D | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 619.359 nm | データなし | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4f 3F* → 1s2.2p.3p 3D | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 619.359 nm | データなし | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4f 3F* → 1s2.2p.3p 3D | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 619.735 nm | データなし | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4f 3F* → 1s2.2p.3p 3D | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 622.745 nm | データなし | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s2.7d 2D | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 622.815 nm | データなし | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s2.7d 2D | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 622.815 nm | データなし | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s2.7d 2D | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 624.4557 nm | データなし | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2D → 2s2.6f 2F* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 624.4557 nm | データなし | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2D → 2s2.6f 2F* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 624.4681 nm | データなし | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2D → 2s2.6f 2F* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 628.551 nm | 30 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 1D → 1s2.2s.4p 1P* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 634.927 nm | データなし | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4f 3F* → 1s2.2s.6g 3G | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 634.927 nm | データなし | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4f 3F* → 1s2.2s.6g 3G | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 634.927 nm | データなし | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4f 3F* → 1s2.2s.6g 3G | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 635.676 nm | 1 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4f 1F* → 1s2.2s.6g 1G | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 643.151 nm | データなし | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s2.7s 2S | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 643.225 nm | データなし | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s2.7s 2S | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 652.056 nm | データなし | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4s 3S → 1s2.2p.3s 3P* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 652.959 nm | データなし | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4s 3S → 1s2.2p.3s 3P* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 653.371 nm | データなし | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4s 3S → 1s2.2p.3s 3P* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 656.269 nm | データなし | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s2.6d 2D | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 656.345 nm | データなし | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s2.6d 2D | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 656.345 nm | データなし | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s2.6d 2D | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 657.112 nm | 0.5 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.5p 1P* → 1s2.2p.3p 1D | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 671.765 nm | 0.5 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4d 1D → 1s2.2s.6f 1F* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 677.866 nm | データなし | B I | emission | 2s2.4p 2P* → 2s.2p2 2P | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 677.895 nm | データなし | B I | emission | 2s2.4p 2P* → 2s.2p2 2P | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 678.401 nm | データなし | B I | emission | 2s2.4p 2P* → 2s.2p2 2P | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 678.431 nm | データなし | B I | emission | 2s2.4p 2P* → 2s.2p2 2P | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 678.614 nm | 0.5 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4p 1P* → 1s2.2s.5d 1D | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 681.95167 nm | データなし | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2D → 2s2.5f 2F* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 681.95167 nm | データなし | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2D → 2s2.5f 2F* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 681.96637 nm | データなし | B I | emission | 2s.2p2 2D → 2s2.5f 2F* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 697.688 nm | データなし | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.3p 1P* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 703.027 nm | 4 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.3p 3P* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 703.203 nm | 3 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.3p 3P* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 703.233 nm | 2 | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.3p 3P* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 715.955 nm | データなし | B II | emission | 1s2.2p.3s 3P* → 1s2.2p.3p 3P | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 716.016 nm | データなし | B II | emission | 1s2.2p.3s 3P* → 1s2.2p.3p 3P | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 716.511 nm | データなし | B II | emission | 1s2.2p.3s 3P* → 1s2.2p.3p 3P | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 716.846 nm | データなし | B II | emission | 1s2.2p.3s 3P* → 1s2.2p.3p 3P | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 717.045 nm | データなし | B II | emission | 1s2.2p.3s 3P* → 1s2.2p.3p 3P | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 717.602 nm | データなし | B II | emission | 1s2.2p.3s 3P* → 1s2.2p.3p 3P | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 720.593 nm | データなし | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s2.5d 2D | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 720.685 nm | データなし | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s2.5d 2D | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 720.685 nm | データなし | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s2.5d 2D | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 720.766 nm | データなし | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s2.6s 2S | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 720.859 nm | データなし | B I | emission | 2s2.3p 2P* → 2s2.6s 2S | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 722.85 nm | データなし | B II | emission | 1s2.2s.4s 1S → 1s2.2s.5p 1P* | 測定値 | NIST |
詳細な性質
共有結合半径（詳細）
- 共有結合半径（Pyykkö）
- 85 pm
- 共有結合半径（Pyykkö、二重結合）
- 78 pm
- 共有結合半径（Pyykkö、三重結合）
- 73 pm
ファンデルワールス半径
- Truhlar
- 192 pm
- Batsanov
- 180 pm
- Alvarez
- 191 pm
- UFF
- 408.3 pm
- MM3
- 215 pm
- Dreiding
- 402 pm
原子半径と金属半径
- 原子半径（Rahm）
- 205 pm
- 金属半径（C12）
- 98 pm
番号付けの尺度
- Mendeleev
- 81
- Pettifor
- 86
- Glawe
- 86
電気陰性度の尺度
- Ghosh
- 0
- Miedema
- 5
- Gunnarsson–Lundqvist
- 4
- Robles–Bartolotti
- 4
分極率と分散
- 双極子分極率
- 20.5 a.u.
- 双極子分極率（不確かさ）
- 0.1 a.u.
- C₆
- 99.5 Ha·Bohr6
- C₆ (Gould–Bučko)
- 99.2 Ha·Bohr6
ミーデマパラメータ
- ミーデマモル体積
- 4.7 cm3/mol
- ミーデマ電子密度
- 5
供給リスクと経済性
- 生産集中度
- 34
- 相対供給リスク
- 5
- 政治的安定性（最大生産国）
- 12
- 政治的安定性（最大埋蔵国）
- 12
相転移と同素体
| 融点 | 2350.15 K |
| 沸点 | 4273.15 K |
酸化数の分類
専門参考データ
遮蔽定数 (3)
| n | 軌道 | σ |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | s | 0.3205 |
| 2 | p | 2.5786 |
| 2 | s | 2.4238 |
結晶半径の詳細 (3)
| 電荷 | CN | スピン | rcrystal (pm) | 由来 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3 | III | 15 | ||
| 3 | IV | 25 | ||
| 3 | VI | 41 | calculated, |
同位体の崩壊形式 (30)
| 同位体 | モード | 強度 |
|---|---|---|
| 6 | 2p | — |
| 7 | p | 100% |
| 8 | B+ | 100% |
| 8 | B+A | 100% |
| 9 | p | 100% |
| 12 | B- | 100% |
| 12 | B-A | 0.6% |
| 13 | B- | 100% |
| 13 | B-n | 0.3% |
| 14 | B- | 100% |
X線散乱因子 (502)
| エネルギー (eV) | f₁ | f₂ |
|---|---|---|
| 10 | — | 1.48933 |
| 10.1617 | — | 1.48084 |
| 10.3261 | — | 1.4724 |
| 10.4931 | — | 1.46401 |
| 10.6628 | — | 1.45567 |
| 10.8353 | — | 1.44738 |
| 11.0106 | — | 1.43913 |
| 11.1886 | — | 1.43093 |
| 11.3696 | — | 1.42278 |
| 11.5535 | — | 1.41467 |
追加データ
Estimated Crustal Abundance
The estimated element abundance in the earth's crust.
1.0×101 milligrams per kilogram
参考文献 (1)
Estimated Oceanic Abundance
The estimated element abundance in the earth's oceans.
4.44 milligrams per liter
参考文献 (1)
Sources
Sources of this element.
The element is not found free in nature, but occurs as orthoboric acid usually found in certain volcanic spring waters and as borates in boron and colemantie.
Important sources of boron are ore rasorite (kernite) and tincal (borax ore). Both of these ores are found in the Mojave Desert. Tincal is the most important source of boron from the Mojave. Extensive borax deposits are also found in Turkey.
Boron exists naturally as 19.78% 10B isotope and 80.22% 11B isotope. High-purity crystalline boron may be prepared by the vapor phase reduction of boron trichloride or tribromide with hydrogen on electrically heated filaments. The impure or amorphous, boron, a brownish-black powder, can be obtained by heating the trioxide with magnesium powder.
Boron of 99.9999% purity has been produced and is available commercially. Elemental boron has an energy band gap of 1.50 to 1.56 eV, which is higher than that of either silicon or germanium.
参考文献 (1)
- [6] Boron https://periodic.lanl.gov/5.shtml
参考文献
(9)
Data deposited in or computed by PubChem
The half-life and atomic mass data was provided by the Atomic Mass Data Center at the International Atomic Energy Agency.
Element data are cited from the Atomic weights of the elements (an IUPAC Technical Report). The IUPAC periodic table of elements can be found at https://iupac.org/what-we-do/periodic-table-of-elements/. Additional information can be found within IUPAC publication doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0703 Copyright © 2020 International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.
The information are cited from Pure Appl. Chem. 2018; 90(12): 1833-2092, https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2015-0703.
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jefferson Lab) is one of 17 national laboratories funded by the U.S. Department of Energy. The lab's primary mission is to conduct basic research of the atom's nucleus using the lab's unique particle accelerator, known as the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF). For more information visit https://www.jlab.org/
The periodic table at the LANL (Los Alamos National Laboratory) contains basic element information together with the history, source, properties, use, handling and more. The provenance data may be found from the link under the source name.
The periodic table contains NIST's critically-evaluated data on atomic properties of the elements. The provenance data that include data for atomic spectroscopy, X-ray and gamma ray, radiation dosimetry, nuclear physics, and condensed matter physics may be found from the link under the source name. Ref: https://www.nist.gov/pml/atomic-spectra-database
This section provides all form of data related to element Boron.
The element property data was retrieved from publications.