Strontium (Sr)
alkaline-earth-metalSolid
標準原子量
87.62 u電子配置
[Kr] 5s2融点
776.85 °C沸点
1381.85 °C密度
2640 kg/m³酸化数
+1, +2電気陰性度（Pauling）
0.95第1イオン化エネルギー
5.694867 eV発見年
1792原子半径
200 pm詳細
Strontium is an alkaline earth metal below calcium and above barium in group 2. Natural strontium is stable and occurs mainly as the minerals celestine and strontianite rather than as the free metal. Its chemistry is dominated by the Sr²⁺ ion, which closely resembles Ca²⁺ but is larger and more readily forms insoluble sulfate and carbonate salts. Strontium is best known technologically for red pyrotechnic colors, ferrite magnets, glass additives, and the radioactive isotope ⁹⁰Sr.
Strontium is softer than calcium and decomposes in water more vigorously. It does not absorb nitrogen below 380°C. It should be kept under kerosene to prevent oxidation. Freshly cut strontium has a silvery appearance, but rapidly turns a yellowish color with the formation of the oxide. The finely divided metal ignites spontaneously in air. Volatile strontium salts impart a beautiful crimson color to flames, and these salts are used in pyrotechnics and in the production of flares. Natural strontium is a mixture of four stable isotopes.
The name derives from Strontian, a town in Scotland. The mineral strontianite is found in mines in Strontian. The element was discovered in 1792 by the Scottish chemist and physician Thomas Charles Hope, who observed the brilliant red flame colour of strontium. It was first isolated by the English chemist Humphry Davy in 1808.
Strontium was discovered by Adair Crawford, an Irish chemist, in 1790 while studying the mineral witherite (BaCO3). When he mixed witherite with hydrochloric acid (HCl) he did not get the results he expected. He assumed that his sample of witherite was contaminated with an unknown mineral, a mineral he named strontianite (SrCO3). Strontium was first isolated by Sir Humphry Davy, an English chemist, in 1808 through the electrolysis of a mixture of strontium chloride (SrCl2) and mercuric oxide (HgO). Today, strontium is obtained from two of its most common ores, celestite (SrSO4) and strontianite (SrCO3), by treating them with hydrochloric acid, forming strontium chloride. The strontium chloride, usually mixed with potassium chloride (KCl), is then melted and electrolyzed, forming strontium and chlorine gas (Cl2).
Named after Strontian, a town in Scotland. Isolated by Davey by electrolysis in 1808, however, Adair Crawford recognized a new mineral (strontianite) as differing from other barium minerals in 1790.
Pure strontium is a soft, silvery metal when freshly cut, but it rapidly develops a yellowish or gray oxide-nitride surface film in air. It is less dense and less hard than many structural metals and is normally stored under oil or in sealed containers to limit reaction with moisture and oxygen.
Strontium nitrate, Sr(NO₃)₂, and related salts are used to produce intense red colors in fireworks, signal flares, and tracer compositions. Strontium carbonate, SrCO₃, is a feedstock for ceramic glazes, ferrite magnets, and specialty glass. Strontium ferrite materials are common permanent magnets in speakers, motors, and magnetic strips. ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios are used in geology, archaeology, and provenance studies. ⁹⁰Sr has been used in radioisotope power sources and industrial gauges, but its use is restricted by radiological hazards.
Most of the strontium produced today is used in the manufacture of color television picture tubes. It is also used to refine zinc and is combined with iron to make magnets.
Two strontium compounds, strontium carbonate (SrCO3) and strontium nitrate (Sr(NO3)2), burn with a bright, red flame and are used in fireworks and signal flares. Strontium carbonate is also used to make certain kinds of glass and is the base material for making most other strontium compounds.
Strontium-90, a radioactive isotope of strontium, is a common product of nuclear explosions. It has a half-life of about 28.8 years and decays into yttrium-90 through beta decay. Strontium-90 is especially deadly since it has a relatively long half-life, is strongly radioactive and is absorbed by the body, where it accumulates in the skeletal system. The radiation affects the production of new blood cells, which eventually leads to death.
In addition to the medical imaging application described in the image caption above, strontium has found use in producing ferrite magnets and in refining zinc. Strontium titanate is an interesting optical material as it has an extremely high refractive index and an optical dispersion greater than that of diamond. It has been used as a gemstone, but is very soft. It does not occur naturally.
Isotopes in Earth/Planetary Science
Stable isotopic fractionation of strontium is small because the relative differences between the masses of strontium stable isotopes are small (mass numbers are 86, 87, and 88 for the most abundant stable isotopes). Also, strontium is not subject to reduction-oxidation reactions in normal terrestrial environments, which would cause isotopic fractionation to be more evident. Nevertheless, current studies are exploring potential applications of stable strontium isotopic fractionation; for example, it has been used as a proxy for temperature during coral growth and for insights into the diets of ancient populations [295] A. Rüggeberg, J. Fietzke, V. Liebetrau, A. Eisenhauer, W. C. Dullo, A. Freiwald. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.269, 570 (2008)., [296] K. J. Knudson, H. M. Williams, J. E. Buikstra, P. D. Tomczak, G. W. Gordon, A. D. Anbar. J. Archaeolog. Sci.37, 2352 (2010)..
The relative abundance of natural radiogenic 87Sr in seawater is related to the relative rates of processes that add or remove strontium in the ocean (seafloor spreading, mid-ocean-ridge hydrothermal activity, and continental weathering). Over geologic time, these processes have fluctuated and the isotope-amount ratio n(87Sr)/n(86Sr) has changed systematically. By measuring the n(87Sr)/n(86Sr) ratio in marine fossils of known age, it is possible to identify when such environmental changes occurred. Conversely, it is possible to estimate the ages of marine deposits by comparing measured n(87Sr)/n(86Sr) ratios with the global time chart; this process is known as strontium isotope stratigraphy [297] J. M. McArthur, R. J. Howarth, T. R. Bailey. J. Geol.109, 155 (2001)..
Isotopes in Forensic Science and Anthropology
The isotope-amount ratio n(87Sr)/n(86Sr) is highly variable in rocks, minerals, soils, and waters, and it can be transmitted to plants (Fig. IUPAC.38.1), animals, and manufactured materials. Measurements of n(87Sr)/n(86Sr) ratios are used for forensic applications in food authentication (determining where food came from), archaeology, crime-scene investigation, and human migration [298] B. L. Beard, C. M. Johnson. J. Forensic Sci.45, 1049 (2000)., [299] K. M. Frei, R. Frei. Appl. Geochem.26, 326 (2011)..
Isotopes in Geochronology
The 87Rb- 87Sr dating technique utilizes the fact that 87Sr is a product of radioactive 87Rb decay (half-life of 4.97×1010 years) and is a useful tool for determining ages of rocks and minerals spanning the age of the Earth (Fig. IUPAC.38.2) [301] G. Faure. Principles of Isotope Geology, 2nd Edition. p. 608. Wiley, New York (1986)..
Strontium almost always forms compounds in the +2 oxidation state. Strontium oxide, SrO, is a strongly basic oxide that reacts with water to form strontium hydroxide, Sr(OH)₂. Strontium carbonate, SrCO₃, and strontium sulfate, SrSO₄, are sparingly soluble and control much of its mineral behavior. Strontium chloride, SrCl₂, and strontium nitrate, Sr(NO₃)₂, are soluble salts used as chemical intermediates. Strontium titanate, SrTiO₃, is a high-refractive-index ceramic and an important substrate material in oxide electronics research.
Strontium is found chiefly as celestite and strontianite. The metal can be prepared by electrolysis of the fused chloride mixed with potassium chloride, or is made by reducing strontium oxide with aluminum in a vacuum at a temperature at which strontium distills off. Three allotropic forms of the metal exist, with transition points at 235 and 540°C.
See more information at the Strontium compound page.
Metallic strontium reacts with water and acids to release hydrogen, H₂, and can ignite as filings or powder. Soluble strontium salts have moderate chemical toxicity and can disturb calcium metabolism at high exposure. The main radiological concern is ⁹⁰Sr, a fission product that behaves partly like calcium in the body and irradiates bone and marrow through beta decay. Stable strontium in ordinary environmental concentrations is not highly hazardous.
Strontium is dispersed in rocks, soils, freshwater, and seawater, with higher mobility in soluble forms than barium but less than many alkali metals. It substitutes for calcium in minerals and biological hard tissues because Sr²⁺ and Ca²⁺ have similar charge and chemistry. Weathering releases strontium to waters, while carbonate, sulfate, and adsorption processes remove it. ⁹⁰Sr from nuclear fallout or accidents is environmentally important because it can enter food chains.
Commercial strontium is obtained chiefly from celestine, SrSO₄, which is converted to strontium carbonate, SrCO₃, or other salts before further use. Demand is concentrated in ferrite magnets, pyrotechnics, ceramics, and specialty glass, so the market is smaller and less diversified than for calcium or magnesium. Production of the metal itself is limited because most applications use compounds. Recycling is modest and usually indirect, for example through recovery or reuse of magnet-containing products rather than elemental strontium recovery.
Found in minerals celestite and strontianite.
Strontium is a trace element in the cosmos, produced mainly by neutron-capture processes in evolved stars and explosive stellar events. It is much less abundant than lighter rock-forming elements but is detectable in stellar spectra. In the solar system it follows calcium and other lithophile elements into silicate minerals, while only minute amounts occur in metallic phases or volatile reservoirs.
- The element is named after Strontian, a village in Scotland where strontianite was identified.
- Strontium salts give a cleaner crimson flame than many mixtures based on lithium or calcium.
- Strontium titanate was once used as a diamond simulant before harder simulants became common.
- Natural ⁸⁷Sr partly derives from the decay of ⁸⁷Rb, making Sr isotope ratios useful as geological clocks.
- Celestine is named for its pale blue color, although strontium compounds themselves are often white.
画像
性質
物理的性質
- 原子半径（経験値）
- 200 pm 全元素の原子半径（経験値）を比較 →
- 共有結合半径
- 195 pm 全元素の共有結合半径を比較 →
- ファンデルワールス半径
- 249 pm 全元素のファンデルワールス半径を比較 →
- 金属半径
- 191 pm 全元素の金属半径を比較 →
- 密度
- 2640 kg/m³ 全元素の密度を比較 →
- モル体積
- 0.0337 L/mol
- 標準温度・圧力（STP）での相
- 固体 全元素の標準温度・圧力（STP）での相を比較 →
- 融点
- 776.85 °C 全元素の融点を比較 →
- 沸点
- 1381.85 °C 全元素の沸点を比較 →
- 比熱容量
- 0.306 J/(g·K) 全元素の比熱容量を比較 →
- モル熱容量
- 26.79 J/(mol·K) 全元素のモル熱容量を比較 →
- 結晶構造
- 面心立方構造 全元素の結晶構造を比較 →
化学的性質
- 電気陰性度（Pauling）
- 0.95 全元素の電気陰性度（Pauling）を比較 →
- 電気陰性度（Allen）
- 0.963
- 電子親和力
- 0.052 eV
- 第1イオン化エネルギー
- 5.694867 eV 全元素の第1イオン化エネルギーを比較 →
- 第2イオン化エネルギー
- 11.030314 eV 全元素の第2イオン化エネルギーを比較 →
- 第3イオン化エネルギー
- 42.883678 eV 全元素の第3イオン化エネルギーを比較 →
- 第4イオン化エネルギー
- 56.280194 eV 全元素の第4イオン化エネルギーを比較 →
- 第5イオン化エネルギー
- 70.700243 eV 全元素の第5イオン化エネルギーを比較 →
- 酸化数
- +1, +2 全元素の酸化数を比較 →
- 価電子
- 2 全元素の価電子を比較 →
- 電子配置
- [Kr] 5s2
熱力学的性質
- 融解熱
- 0.08602373 eV 全元素の融解熱を比較 →
- 蒸発熱
- 1.421983 eV 全元素の蒸発熱を比較 →
- 昇華熱
- 1.703892 eV
- 原子化熱
- 1.703892 eV
- 原子化エンタルピー
- 1.699746 eV
原子核
- 陽子数
- 38 全元素の陽子数を比較 →
- 中性子数
- 50 全元素の中性子数を比較 →
- 既知の同位体
- 35 全元素の既知の同位体を比較 →
- 安定同位体
- 4 全元素の安定同位体を比較 →
- 最も安定な同位体
- Sr-88
- 発見年
- 1792
存在度
- 存在度（地殻）
- 370 mg/kg 全元素の存在度（地殻）を比較 →
- 存在度（海洋）
- 7.9 mg/L 全元素の存在度（海洋）を比較 →
結晶構造
- 格子定数a
- 608 pm
電子構造
- 各電子殻の電子数
- 2, 8, 18, 8, 2 全元素の各電子殻の電子数を比較 →
識別子
- CAS登録番号
- 7440-24-6 全元素のCAS登録番号を比較 →
- 項記号
- 1S0
- InChI
- InChI=1S/Sr
- InChI Key
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
電子配置 測定値
Sr: 5s²[Kr] 5s²1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ 5s²原子モデル
同位体によって中性子数、質量、安定性は変わりますが、中性原子の電子配置は変わりません。
模式的な原子モデルです。実際の縮尺とは異なります。
原子の指紋
発光／吸収スペクトル
同位体分布
| 質量数 | 原子質量（u） | 天然存在比 | 半減期 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 84 安定 | 83.9134191 ± 0.0000013 | 0.5600% | 安定 |
| 86 安定 | 85.9092606 ± 0.0000012 | 9.8600% | 安定 |
| 87 安定 | 86.9088775 ± 0.0000012 | 7.0000% | 安定 |
| 88 安定 | 87.9056125 ± 0.0000012 | 82.5800% | 安定 |
相／状態
理由: 融点（776.85 °C）より751.9 °C低い
模式図、実際の縮尺とは異なります
相転移点
相転移エネルギー
融点で1 molを融解させるのに必要なエネルギー
沸点で1 molを蒸発させるのに必要なエネルギー
昇華点で1 molを昇華させるのに必要なエネルギー
密度
標準条件下
標準条件下
原子スペクトル
全38件中10件を表示しています。 イオンの電荷の昇順で並べています。
スペクトル線データの収録状況 ?
| イオン | 電荷 | スペクトル線の総数 | 遷移確率 | 準位の表記 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sr I | 0 | 361 | 86 | 361 |
| Sr II | +1 | 135 | 33 | 135 |
| Sr III | +2 | 613 | 0 | 613 |
| Sr IV | +3 | 1183 | 0 | 1183 |
| Sr V | +4 | 625 | 0 | 625 |
| Sr VI | +5 | 57 | 14 | 57 |
| Sr VII | +6 | 30 | 30 | 30 |
| Sr VIII | +7 | 26 | 24 | 26 |
| Sr IX | +8 | 46 | 28 | 46 |
| Sr X | +9 | 54 | 51 | 54 |
準位データの収録状況 ?
| イオン | 電荷 | 準位 |
|---|---|---|
| Sr I | 0 | 380 |
| Sr II | +1 | 72 |
| Sr III | +2 | 150 |
| Sr IV | +3 | 255 |
| Sr V | +4 | 144 |
| Sr VI | +5 | 22 |
| Sr VII | +6 | 20 |
| Sr VIII | +7 | 21 |
| Sr IX | +8 | 31 |
| Sr X | +9 | 47 |
イオン半径
| 電荷 | 配位 | スピン | 半径 |
|---|---|---|---|
| +2 | 6 | データなし | 118 pm |
| +2 | 7 | データなし | 121 pm |
| +2 | 8 | データなし | 126 pm |
| +2 | 9 | データなし | 131 pm |
| +2 | 10 | データなし | 136 pm |
| +2 | 12 | データなし | 144 pm |
化合物
同位体 (4)
Sixteen other unstable isotopes are known to exist. Of greatest importance is 90Sr with a half-life of 29 years. It is a product of nuclear fallout and presents a health problem. This isotope is one of the best long-lived high-energy beta emitters known, and is used in SNAP (Systems for Nuclear Auxilliary Power) devices. These devices hold promise for use in space vehicles, remote weather stations, navigational buoys, etc., and where a lightweight, long-lived, nuclear-electric power source is needed.
| 質量数 | 原子質量（u） | 天然存在比 | 半減期 | 崩壊形式 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 84 安定 | 83.9134191 ± 0.0000013 | 0.5600% ± 0.0100% | 安定 | stable | |
| 86 安定 | 85.9092606 ± 0.0000012 | 9.8600% ± 0.0100% | 安定 | stable | |
| 87 安定 | 86.9088775 ± 0.0000012 | 7.0000% ± 0.0100% | 安定 | stable | |
| 88 安定 | 87.9056125 ± 0.0000012 | 82.5800% ± 0.0100% | 安定 | stable |
スペクトル線
全500件中50件を表示しています。 初期設定では、強度の測定値があるスペクトル線のみを表示します。
| 波長（nm） | 強度 | 電離段階 | 種類 | 遷移 | 精度 | 出典 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 707.0072 nm | 14000 | Sr I | emission | 5s.5p 3P* → 5s.6s 3S | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 687.83128 nm | 12000 | Sr I | emission | 5s.5p 3P* → 5s.6s 3S | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 679.10198 nm | 7000 | Sr I | emission | 5s.5p 3P* → 5s.6s 3S | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 525.68986 nm | 3400 | Sr I | emission | 5s.4d 3D → 4d.5p 3P* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 640.8463 nm | 3100 | Sr I | emission | 5s.4d 3D → 4d.5p 3F* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 483.20425 nm | 2900 | Sr I | emission | 5s.5p 3P* → 5s.5d 3D | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 548.08638 nm | 2700 | Sr I | emission | 5s.4d 3D → 4d.5p 3D* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 496.2263 nm | 2500 | Sr I | emission | 5s.5p 3P* → 5s.5d 3D | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 481.18799 nm | 2300 | Sr I | emission | 5s.5p 3P* → 5p2 3P | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 689.25894 nm | 2300 | Sr I | emission | 5s2 1S → 5s.5p 3P* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 650.3992 nm | 2100 | Sr I | emission | 5s.4d 3D → 4d.5p 3F* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 523.85479 nm | 2000 | Sr I | emission | 5s.4d 3D → 4d.5p 3P* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 550.4181 nm | 2000 | Sr I | emission | 5s.4d 3D → 4d.5p 3D* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 496.5585 nm | 1900 | Sr I | emission | 5s.5p 1P* → 5s.7d 1D | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 516.5486 nm | 1800 | Sr I | emission | 5s.5p 1P* → 5s.8s 1S | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 478.43198 nm | 1700 | Sr I | emission | 5s.5p 3P* → 5p2 3P | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 552.1768 nm | 1700 | Sr I | emission | 5s.4d 3D → 4d.5p 3D* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 730.94166 nm | 1700 | Sr I | emission | 5s.4d 1D → 4d.5p 1D* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 472.22769 nm | 1600 | Sr I | emission | 5s.5p 3P* → 5p2 3P | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 474.19221 nm | 1600 | Sr I | emission | 5s.5p 3P* → 5p2 3P | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 478.3782 nm | 1500 | Sr I | emission | 5s.5p 1P* → 5s.9s 1S | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 487.249 nm | 1500 | Sr I | emission | 5s.5p 3P* → 5s.5d 3D | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 489.198 nm | 1500 | Sr I | emission | 5s.4d 3D → 5s.4f 3F* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 581.67702 nm | 1500 | Sr I | emission | 5s.4d 1D → 4d.5p 3P* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 468.8546 nm | 1400 | Sr I | emission | 5s.5p 1P* → 5s.8d 1D | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 522.21992 nm | 1400 | Sr I | emission | 5s.4d 3D → 4d.5p 3P* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 522.51079 nm | 1400 | Sr I | emission | 5s.4d 3D → 4d.5p 3P* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 522.92697 nm | 1400 | Sr I | emission | 5s.4d 3D → 4d.5p 3P* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 555.6375 nm | 1400 | Sr I | emission | 5s.5p 1P* → 5s.6d 3D | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 634.57265 nm | 1400 | Sr I | emission | 5s.4d 3D → 5s.6p 3P* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 655.0244 nm | 1400 | Sr I | emission | 5s.5p 1P* → 4d2 1D | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 495.6274 nm | 1300 | Sr I | emission | 5s.5p 1P* → 5s.7d 3D | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 638.64581 nm | 1300 | Sr I | emission | 5s.4d 3D → 5s.6p 3P* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 485.50448 nm | 1200 | Sr I | emission | 5s.4d 3D → 5s.4f 3F* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 486.87005 nm | 1200 | Sr I | emission | 5s.4d 3D → 5s.4f 3F* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 487.60745 nm | 1200 | Sr I | emission | 5s.5p 3P* → 5s.5d 3D | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 496.7942 nm | 1200 | Sr I | emission | 5s.5p 3P* → 5s.5d 3D | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 559.8159 nm | 1200 | Sr I | emission | 5s.4d 1D → 4d.5p 1F* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 458.29879 nm | 1100 | Sr I | emission | 5s.5p 1P* → 5s.10s 1S | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 486.91724 nm | 1100 | Sr I | emission | 5s.4d 3D → 5s.4f 3F* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 489.2642 nm | 1100 | Sr I | emission | 5s.4d 3D → 5s.4f 3F* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 661.72651 nm | 1100 | Sr I | emission | 5s.4d 3D → 4d.5p 3F* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 403.03772 nm | 1000 | Sr I | emission | 5s.5p 3P* → 5s.6d 3D | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 443.8043 nm | 1000 | Sr I | emission | 5s.5p 3P* → 5s.7s 3S | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 446.32981 nm | 1000 | Sr I | emission | 5s.5p 1P* → 5s.11s 1S | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 453.2375 nm | 1000 | Sr I | emission | 5s.5p 1P* → 5s.9d 1D | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 471.2151 nm | 1000 | Sr I | emission | 5s.4d 1D → 5s.5f 3F* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 545.08373 nm | 1000 | Sr I | emission | 5s.4d 3D → 4d.5p 3D* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 548.6135 nm | 1000 | Sr I | emission | 5s.4d 3D → 4d.5p 3D* | 測定値 | NIST | |
| 553.4799 nm | 1000 | Sr I | emission | 5s.4d 3D → 4d.5p 3D* | 測定値 | NIST |
詳細な性質
共有結合半径（詳細）
- 共有結合半径（Pyykkö）
- 185 pm
- 共有結合半径（Pyykkö、二重結合）
- 157 pm
- 共有結合半径（Pyykkö、三重結合）
- 139 pm
- 共有結合半径（Bragg）
- 195 pm
ファンデルワールス半径
- Truhlar
- 249 pm
- Batsanov
- 255 pm
- Alvarez
- 284 pm
- UFF
- 364.1 pm
- MM3
- 300 pm
原子半径と金属半径
- 原子半径（Rahm）
- 279 pm
- 金属半径（C12）
- 215 pm
番号付けの尺度
- Mendeleev
- 8
- Pettifor
- 15
- Glawe
- 15
電気陰性度の尺度
- Ghosh
- 0
- Miedema
- 2
- Gunnarsson–Lundqvist
- 3
- Robles–Bartolotti
- 2
分極率と分散
- 双極子分極率
- 197.2 a.u.
- 双極子分極率（不確かさ）
- 0.2 a.u.
- C₆
- 3175 Ha·Bohr6
- C₆ (Gould–Bučko)
- 3230 Ha·Bohr6
ミーデマパラメータ
- ミーデマモル体積
- 33.93 cm3/mol
- ミーデマ電子密度
- 1
供給リスクと経済性
- 生産集中度
- 83
- 相対供給リスク
- 9
- 埋蔵量の分布
- 100
- 政治的安定性（最大生産国）
- 24
- 政治的安定性（最大埋蔵国）
- 24
相転移と同素体
| 融点 | 1050.15 K |
| 沸点 | 1650.15 K |
酸化数の分類
専門参考データ
遮蔽定数 (9)
| n | 軌道 | σ |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | s | 0.8089 |
| 2 | p | 3.9696 |
| 2 | s | 10.0982 |
| 3 | d | 15.2738 |
| 3 | p | 15.8324 |
| 3 | s | 15.3362 |
| 4 | p | 26.068 |
| 4 | s | 24.5556 |
| 5 | s | 31.9295 |
結晶半径の詳細 (6)
| 電荷 | CN | スピン | rcrystal (pm) | 由来 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | VI | 132 | ||
| 2 | VII | 135 | ||
| 2 | VIII | 140 | ||
| 2 | IX | 145 | ||
| 2 | X | 150 | calculated, | |
| 2 | XII | 158 | calculated, |
同位体の崩壊形式 (54)
| 同位体 | モード | 強度 |
|---|---|---|
| 73 | B+ | 100% |
| 73 | B+p | 63% |
| 74 | B+ | 100% |
| 74 | B+p | — |
| 75 | B+ | 100% |
| 75 | B+p | 5.2% |
| 76 | B+ | 100% |
| 76 | B+p | 3.4% |
| 77 | B+ | 100% |
| 77 | B+p | 0.1% |
X線散乱因子 (508)
| エネルギー (eV) | f₁ | f₂ |
|---|---|---|
| 10 | — | 0.17126 |
| 10.1617 | — | 0.1749 |
| 10.3261 | — | 0.17861 |
| 10.4931 | — | 0.1824 |
| 10.6628 | — | 0.18627 |
| 10.8353 | — | 0.19061 |
| 11.0106 | — | 0.19514 |
| 11.1886 | — | 0.19977 |
| 11.3696 | — | 0.2045 |
| 11.5535 | — | 0.20936 |
追加データ
Estimated Crustal Abundance
The estimated element abundance in the earth's crust.
3.70×102 milligrams per kilogram
参考文献 (1)
- [5] Strontium https://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele038.html
Estimated Oceanic Abundance
The estimated element abundance in the earth's oceans.
7.9 milligrams per liter
参考文献 (1)
- [5] Strontium https://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele038.html
Isotopes in Forensic Science and Anthropology
Information on the use of this element's isotopes in forensic science and anthropology.
The isotope-amount ratio n(87Sr)/n(86Sr) is highly variable in rocks, minerals, soils, and waters, and it can be transmitted to plants (Fig. IUPAC.38.1), animals, and manufactured materials. Measurements of n(87Sr)/n(86Sr) ratios are used for forensic applications in food authentication (determining where food came from), archaeology, crime-scene investigation, and human migration [298] B. L. Beard, C. M. Johnson. J. Forensic Sci.45, 1049 (2000)., [299] K. M. Frei, R. Frei. Appl. Geochem.26, 326 (2011)..
参考文献 (4)
- [298] B. L. Beard, C. M. Johnson. J. Forensic Sci.45, 1049 (2000).
- [299] K. M. Frei, R. Frei. Appl. Geochem.26, 326 (2011).
- [300] K. Miller, T. B. Coplen, M. Wieser. “Identification of the geographical origin of exotic wood species using 87Sr/86Sr isotope amount ratios”, in Goldschmidt 22nd Conference, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- [4] IUPAC Periodic Table of the Elements and Isotopes (IPTEI) https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2015-0703
参考文献
(9)
Data deposited in or computed by PubChem
The half-life and atomic mass data was provided by the Atomic Mass Data Center at the International Atomic Energy Agency.
Element data are cited from the Atomic weights of the elements (an IUPAC Technical Report). The IUPAC periodic table of elements can be found at https://iupac.org/what-we-do/periodic-table-of-elements/. Additional information can be found within IUPAC publication doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0703 Copyright © 2020 International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.
The information are cited from Pure Appl. Chem. 2018; 90(12): 1833-2092, https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2015-0703.
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jefferson Lab) is one of 17 national laboratories funded by the U.S. Department of Energy. The lab's primary mission is to conduct basic research of the atom's nucleus using the lab's unique particle accelerator, known as the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF). For more information visit https://www.jlab.org/
The periodic table at the LANL (Los Alamos National Laboratory) contains basic element information together with the history, source, properties, use, handling and more. The provenance data may be found from the link under the source name.
The periodic table contains NIST's critically-evaluated data on atomic properties of the elements. The provenance data that include data for atomic spectroscopy, X-ray and gamma ray, radiation dosimetry, nuclear physics, and condensed matter physics may be found from the link under the source name. Ref: https://www.nist.gov/pml/atomic-spectra-database
This section provides all form of data related to element Strontium.
The element property data was retrieved from publications.