Tennessine (Ts)
halogenExpected to be a Solid
Peso atomico standard
[294]Configurazione elettronica
[Rn] 7s2 7p5 5f14 6d10 (Previsto)Punto di fusione
549,85 °CPunto di ebollizione
609,85 °CDensità
7200 kg/m³Stati di ossidazione
−1, +1, +3, +5Elettronegatività (Pauling)
N/DEnergia di ionizzazione (1ª)
N/DAnno della scoperta
2010Raggio atomico
138 pmDettagli
Tennessine is a synthetic superheavy element in group 17, below astatine. It has been identified only through decay chains from a few individual atoms, chiefly isotopes such as ²⁹³Ts and ²⁹⁴Ts. Although it is placed among the halogens, relativistic effects are expected to make its chemistry less typical than that of iodine or astatine. No natural reservoir or macroscopic sample is known.
Tennessine does not occur naturally in the Earth’s crust. The name tennessine and the symbol Ts, are the accepted ones for element 117. The name is in recognition of the contribution of the Tennessee region, including Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Vanderbilt University, and the University of Tennessee at Knoxville, to super-heavy element research, including the production and chemical separation of unique actinide target materials for super-heavy element synthesis at ORNL’s High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) and Radiochemical Engineering Development Center (REDC) [676], [677], [678], [679].
In 2009, two isotopes, 293Ts and 294Ts were synthesized from the bombardment of 48Ca ions with 249Bk nuclei (Fig. IUPAC.117.1) in the Dubna gas filled recoil separator and the heavy ion cyclotron U-400. Tennessine has no known isotopic applications aside from scientific research.
On April 5, 2010, scientists working at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia, along with scientists from the U.S. Department of Energy's Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and Oak Ridge National Laboratory, announced the creation of tennessine. They produced tennessine by bombarding atoms of berkelium-249 with ions of calcium-48. Tennessine's most stable isotope, tennessine-294, has a half-life of about 80 milliseconds. It decays into moscovium-290 through alpha decay.
On Novemer 28th, 2016 element 117 was named Tennessine with the symbol (Ts). The Tennessee region of the United States is home to Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Vanderbilt University, and the University of Tennessee at Knoxville, all of which contributed to superheavy element research.
The appearance of elemental tennessine is unknown. No visible or weighable sample has been made, and its shortest-lived observed isotopes decay far too quickly for ordinary physical examination. Any description of color, luster, density, or melting behavior is theoretical.
Tennessine has no practical use outside nuclear research. Its production has served to test models of superheavy nuclei, decay chains, and the stability of very heavy elements near the predicted island of stability. Experiments involving tennessine require specialized accelerators and rare target materials; the atoms produced are detected by their radioactive decay, not collected for application.
Since only a few atoms of tennessine have ever been produced, it currently has no uses outside of basic scientific research.
No tennessine compound has been isolated or chemically characterized in bulk. Calculations treat tennessine as a very heavy halogen with accessible -1 and positive oxidation states, but with strong relativistic modifications. Predicted species include the Ts⁻ ion, hydrogen tennesside (HTs), tennessine monofluoride (TsF), and higher fluorides such as tennessine trifluoride (TsF₃), though these remain unconfirmed experimentally. The +7 state is generally expected to be less favored than in lighter halogens.
See more information at the Tennessine compound page.
The safety properties of tennessine are dominated by intense radioactivity at the atom scale rather than by known chemical toxicity. Observed isotopes have half-lives measured in milliseconds, so they decay before any normal handling of material is possible. Experiments are conducted in shielded accelerator facilities with controls for heavy-ion beams, radioactive targets, and decay products.
Tennessine has no confirmed natural occurrence and no known environmental cycle. Any atoms formed naturally, if at all, would decay rapidly and would not accumulate in air, water, soil, or living systems. Environmental considerations are therefore limited to controlled laboratory work with accelerator targets, reaction products, and radioactive residues.
Tennessine has no commodity market, industrial supply chain, or commercial demand. It is produced atom by atom by heavy-ion fusion, notably by bombarding ²⁴⁹Bk targets with ⁴⁸Ca ions. The limiting factors are accelerator time, detector capability, and the scarcity of suitable berkelium target material. Recycling in the usual industrial sense is not relevant; unused or residual target material may be recovered within research programs.
Made by bombarding berkelium-249 with calcium-48.
Tennessine is not expected to have any lasting cosmic abundance. Nuclei with this proton number, if produced in extreme nucleosynthetic events, would decay rapidly compared with astronomical timescales. It is absent from normal planetary chemistry and is known only as a human-made superheavy element.
- Tennessine was named for the U.S. state of Tennessee, reflecting contributions from laboratories and institutions there.
- Its confirmed atoms have been identified through correlated alpha decays and spontaneous fission events.
- Only a few atoms are needed for discovery-level evidence in superheavy-element work.
- The element sits below astatine, itself one of the rarest naturally occurring elements.
- Tennessine chemistry has not yet been tested by direct chemical separation experiments.
- Its symbol, Ts, was assigned after the element name was approved.
Immagini
Proprietà
Fisiche
- Raggio atomico (empirico)
- 138 pm Confronta Raggio atomico (empirico) di tutti gli elementi →
- Densità
- 7200 kg/m³ Confronta Densità di tutti gli elementi →
- Fase in condizioni STP
- Solido Confronta Fase in condizioni STP di tutti gli elementi →
- Punto di fusione
- 549,85 °C Confronta Punto di fusione di tutti gli elementi →
- Punto di ebollizione
- 609,85 °C Confronta Punto di ebollizione di tutti gli elementi →
Chimiche
- Affinità elettronica
- 1,8 eV
- Stati di ossidazione
- −1, +1, +3, +5 Confronta Stati di ossidazione di tutti gli elementi →
- Elettroni di valenza
- 7 Confronta Elettroni di valenza di tutti gli elementi →
- Configurazione elettronica
- [Rn] 7s2 7p5 5f14 6d10 (Previsto)
Termodinamiche
N/D
Nucleari
- Protoni
- 117 Confronta Protoni di tutti gli elementi →
- Neutroni
- 177 Confronta Neutroni di tutti gli elementi →
- Isotopi noti
- 4 Confronta Isotopi noti di tutti gli elementi →
- Isotopi stabili
- 0 Confronta Isotopi stabili di tutti gli elementi →
- Numero di massa (isotopo più stabile)
- 294
- Isotopo più stabile
- Ts-294
- Anno della scoperta
- 2010
Abbondanza
N/D
Struttura cristallina
N/D
Struttura elettronica
- Elettroni per guscio
- 14, 10, 7 Confronta Elettroni per guscio di tutti gli elementi →
Identificativi
- Numero CAS
- 87658-56-8 Confronta Numero CAS di tutti gli elementi →
- InChI
- InChI=1S/Ts
- Chiave InChI
- INMSAURDCVBGHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Configurazione elettronica Previsto
——Dati sulla configurazione elettronica non disponibili per questo ione.
Modello atomico
Gli isotopi modificano il numero di neutroni, la massa e la stabilità — non la configurazione elettronica di un atomo neutro.
N/D
Modello atomico schematico, non in scala.
Impronta atomica
Spettro di emissione / assorbimento
Distribuzione isotopica
Nessun isotopo stabile.
| Numero di massa | Massa atomica (u) | Abbondanza naturale | Emivita |
|---|---|---|---|
| 291 Radioattivo | 291,20553 ± 0,00068 | N/D | 2 ms |
| 292 Radioattivo | 292,20746 ± 0,00075 | N/D | 10 ms |
| 293 Radioattivo | 293,20824 ± 0,00089 | N/D | 25 ms |
| 294 Radioattivo | 294,21046 ± 0,00074 | N/D | 70 ms |
Fase / Stato
Motivo: 524,9 °C sotto il punto di fusione (549,85 °C)
Schema non in scala
Punti di transizione di fase
Densità
In condizioni standard
In condizioni standard
Dati sulla struttura cristallina non disponibili
Isotopi (4)
| Numero di massa | Massa atomica (u) | Abbondanza naturale | Emivita | Modalità di decadimento | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 291 Radioattivo | 291,20553 ± 0,00068 | N/D | 2 ms | α ?SF ? | |
| 292 Radioattivo | 292,20746 ± 0,00075 | N/D | 10 ms | α ?SF ? | |
| 293 Radioattivo | 293,20824 ± 0,00089 | N/D | 25 ms | α =100% | |
| 294 Radioattivo | 294,21046 ± 0,00074 | N/D | 70 ms | α =100% |
Proprietà estese
Raggi covalenti (dati estesi)
- Raggio covalente (Pyykkö)
- 165 pm
Scale di numerazione
- Mendeleev
- 111
Polarizzabilità e dispersione
- Polarizzabilità dipolare
- 76 a.u.
- Polarizzabilità dipolare (inc.)
- 15 a.u.
Categorie degli stati di ossidazione
Dati di riferimento avanzati
Modalità di decadimento degli isotopi (6)
| Isotopo | Modalità | Intensità |
|---|---|---|
| 291 | A | — |
| 291 | SF | — |
| 292 | A | — |
| 292 | SF | — |
| 293 | A | 100% |
| 294 | A | 100% |
Dati aggiuntivi
Estimated Crustal Abundance
The estimated element abundance in the earth's crust.
Not Applicable
Riferimenti (1)
- [5] Tennessine https://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele117.html
Estimated Oceanic Abundance
The estimated element abundance in the earth's oceans.
Not Applicable
Riferimenti (1)
- [5] Tennessine https://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele117.html
Riferimenti
(8)
Data deposited in or computed by PubChem
The half-life and atomic mass data was provided by the Atomic Mass Data Center at the International Atomic Energy Agency.
Element data are cited from the Atomic weights of the elements (an IUPAC Technical Report). The IUPAC periodic table of elements can be found at https://iupac.org/what-we-do/periodic-table-of-elements/. Additional information can be found within IUPAC publication doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0703 Copyright © 2020 International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.
The information are cited from Pure Appl. Chem. 2018; 90(12): 1833-2092, https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2015-0703.
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jefferson Lab) is one of 17 national laboratories funded by the U.S. Department of Energy. The lab's primary mission is to conduct basic research of the atom's nucleus using the lab's unique particle accelerator, known as the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF). For more information visit https://www.jlab.org/
The periodic table at the LANL (Los Alamos National Laboratory) contains basic element information together with the history, source, properties, use, handling and more. The provenance data may be found from the link under the source name.
The periodic table contains NIST's critically-evaluated data on atomic properties of the elements.
This section provides all form of data related to element Tennessine.