Beryllium (Be)
alkaline-earth-metalSolid
Bobot Atom Standar
9,012183 uKonfigurasi elektron
[He] 2s2Titik lebur
1286,85 °CTitik didih
2470,85 °CMassa jenis
1850 kg/m³Bilangan oksidasi
0, +1, +2Keelektronegatifan (Pauling)
1,57Energi ionisasi (ke-1)
9,322699 eVTahun penemuan
1797Jari-jari atom
105 pmDetail
Beryllium is a light alkaline earth metal with unusually high stiffness, low density, and a high melting point for its mass. Its chemistry is dominated by the +2 oxidation state, but the small Be²⁺ ion gives many compounds pronounced covalent character. The element is rare in accessible ores, chiefly obtained from beryl and bertrandite, and is technologically important where low mass, dimensional stability, and transparency to X-rays are valuable.
The metal, steel gray in color, has many desirable properties. As one of the lightest of all metals, it has one of the highest melting points of the light metals. Its modulus of elasticity is about one third greater than that of steel. It resists attack by concentrated nitric acid, has excellent thermal conductivity, and is nonmagnetic. It has a high permeability to X-rays and when bombarded by alpha particles, as from radium or polonium, neutrons are produced in the amount of about 30 neutrons/million alpha particles.
At ordinary temperatures, beryllium resists oxidation in air, although its ability to scratch glass is probably due to the formation of a thin layer of the oxide.
The name derives from the Greek word beryllos for "beryl", a gemstone in which it is found (3BeO×Al2O3×6SiO2).
Beryllium was discovered by the French chemist and pharmacist Nicholas-Louis Vauquelin in beryl and emerald in 1797. The element was first separated in 1828 by the French chemist Antoine-Alexandre-Brutus Bussy and independently by the German chemist Friedrich Wöhler. Because the salts of beryllium have a sweet taste, the element was also known as glucinium from the Greek glykys for "sweet", until IUPAC selected the name beryllium in 1949.
Although emeralds and beryl were known to ancient civilizations, they were first recognized as the same mineral (Be3Al2(SiO3)6) by Abbé Haüy in 1798. Later that year, Louis-Nicholas Vauquelin, a French chemist, discovered that an unknown element was present in emeralds and beryl. Attempts to isolate the new element finally succeeded in 1828 when two chemists, Friedrich Wölhler of Germany and A. Bussy of France, independently produced beryllium by reducing beryllium chloride (BeCl2) with potassium in a platinum crucible. Today, beryllium is primarily obtained from the minerals beryl (Be3Al2(SiO3)6) and bertrandite (4BeO·2SiO2·H2O) through a chemical process or through the electrolysis of a mixture of molten beryllium chloride (BeCl2) and sodium chloride (NaCl).
From the Greek word beryllos, beryl; also called glucinium or glucinum, Greek glykys, sweet. Discovered in the oxide form by Vauquelin in both beryl and emeralds in 1798. The metal was isolated in 1828 by Wohler and by Bussy independently by the action of potassium on beryllium chloride.
Pure beryllium is a hard, brittle, steel-gray metal with a metallic luster. It is solid at ordinary conditions and forms a thin, adherent oxide film that helps resist further oxidation in dry air. Powdered or freshly machined material is more reactive and presents greater handling risk.
Beryllium metal is used in specialized aerospace, defense, satellite, and scientific instruments where stiffness, low density, and thermal stability justify its cost and handling controls. Thin beryllium windows transmit X-rays and are used in X-ray tubes and detectors. Copper-beryllium alloys are important for springs, electrical contacts, non-sparking tools, and fatigue-resistant precision parts. Beryllium oxide ceramics are used as electrically insulating but thermally conductive materials in some electronic and microwave components.
Beryllium is relatively transparent to X-rays and is used to make windows for X-ray tubes. When exposed to alpha particles, such as those emitted by radium or polonium, beryllium emits neutrons and is used as a neutron source. Beryllium is also used as a moderator in nuclear reactors.
Beryllium is alloyed with copper (2% beryllium, 98% copper) to form a wear resistant material, known as beryllium bronze, used in gyroscopes and other devices where wear resistance is important. Beryllium is alloyed with nickel (2% beryllium, 98% nickel) to make springs, spot-welding electrodes and non-sparking tools. Other beryllium alloys are used in the windshield, brake disks and other structural components of the space shuttle.
Beryllium oxide (BeO), a compound of beryllium, is used in the nuclear industry and in ceramics.
Beryllium was once known as glucinum, which means sweet, since beryllium and many of its compounds have a sugary taste. Unfortunately for the chemists that discovered this particular property, beryllium and many of its compounds are poisonous and should never be tasted or ingested.
Beryllium is used as an alloying agent in producing beryllium copper, which is extensively used for springs, electrical contacts, spot-welding electrodes, and non-sparking tools. It is applied as a structural material for high-speed aircraft, missiles, spacecraft, and communication satellites. Other uses include windshield frame, brake discs, support beams, and other structural components of the space shuttle.
Because beryllium is relatively transparent to X-rays, ultra-thin Be-foil is finding use in X-ray lithography for reproduction of micro-miniature integrated circuits.
Beryllium is used in nuclear reactors as a reflector or moderator for it has a low thermal neutron absorption cross section.
It is used in gyroscopes, computer parts, and instruments where lightness, stiffness, and dimensional stability are required. The oxide has a very high melting point and is also used in nuclear work and ceramic applications.
Isotopes in Geochronology
Cosmogenic 10Be and 7Be isotopes are produced in the atmosphere, largely by cosmic-ray spallation of nitrogen and oxygen. Because of its relatively short half-life (7Be, half-life t1/2=53 d, compared to that of 10Be, half-life t1/2=1.39×106 a, where the unit symbol “d” stands for day and “a” stands for year), measurements of cosmogenic 7Be, and especially the isotope-amount ratio n(7Be)/n(10Be), have been used to study rates of atmospheric circulation, mixing, formation of aerosols (fine solids or liquids suspended in a gas; e.g. smoke and mist are aerosols), and particle deposition [44] C. E. Jordan, J. E. Dibb, R. C. Finkel. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos.108, (2003).. Cosmogenic atmospheric beryllium isotopes (7Be and 10Be) are deposited on the Earth’s surface, where they accumulate in soils, sediments, and snow while decaying away. Measurements of cosmogenic beryllium isotopes in such deposits are used to explore rates of soil formation, erosion, sedimentation, and snow accumulation on time scales ranging from months (7Be) to millions of years (10Be) [45] J. M. Kaste, S. A. Norton, C. T. Hess. Rev. Mineral. Geochem.50, 271 (2002)., [46] J. A. Graly, P. R. Bierman, L. J. Reusser, M. J. Pavich. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta.74, 6814 (2010).. The minerals in rocks at the Earth’s surface interact with cosmic rays and form substantial quantities of 10Be and 7Be, thus providing a tool to determine the ages of geologic processes. In some situations, it is possible to estimate “exposure ages” for rocks in eroding terrains [47] P. R. Bierman, M. W. Caffee, P. T. Davis, K. Marsella, M. Pavich, P. Colgan, D. Mickelson, J. Larsen. Rev. Mineral. Geochem.50, 147 (2002)., [48] P. Bierman, E. A. Zen, M. Pavich, L. Reusser. U.S. Geol. Surv. Circ.1264, 191 (2004)., [49] L. Reusser, P. Bierman, M. Pavich, J. Larsen, R. Finkel. Am. J. Sci.306, 69 (2006).. By comparing measured 10Be concentrations with estimated rates of in situ cosmogenic 10Be production, the rate of rock erosion and formation of canyons and other geologic features can be determined (Fig. IUPAC.4.1).
Anthropogenic 10Be was produced by nuclear bomb explosions largely through the reaction of fast neutrons (neutrons produced by nuclear fission having high kinetic energy) with 13C via the 13C (n, alpha) 10Be reaction in atmospheric CO2. Although the quantity of 10Be produced in this way is small, its presence above natural background concentrations in some environmental samples can potentially provide information about bomb-related processes and contamination [50] N. E. Whitehead, S. Endo, K. Tanaka, T. Takatsuji, M. Hoshi, S. Fukutani, R. G. Ditchburn, A. Zondervan. J. Environ. Radioact.99, 260 (2008)..
Beryllium most commonly forms Be²⁺ compounds, although their bonding is often strongly polarizing and partly covalent. Beryllium oxide (BeO) is a refractory ceramic with high thermal conductivity and electrical insulation. Beryllium hydroxide (Be(OH)₂) is amphoteric, dissolving in both acids and strong bases. Beryllium chloride (BeCl₂) is polymeric in the solid state and hydrolyzes readily. Natural beryllium occurs mainly in silicate minerals, especially beryl, with ideal formula Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈, and in bertrandite, Be₄Si₂O₇(OH)₂.
See more information at the Beryllium compound page.
Beryllium metal, dusts, fumes, and soluble compounds are highly toxic by inhalation. Occupational exposure can cause sensitization and chronic beryllium disease, a serious immune-mediated lung disorder. Machining, grinding, and high-temperature processing require strict dust and fume control. Solid finished articles are less hazardous if they are not abraded, heated, or otherwise made into respirable material.
Beryllium and its salts are toxic and should be handled with the greatest of care. Beryllium and its compounds should not be tasted to verify the sweetish nature of beryllium (as did early experimenters). The metal, its alloys, and its salts can be handled if certain work codes are observed, but no attempt should be made to work with beryllium before becoming familiar with proper safeguards.
Beryllium is a minor constituent of the continental crust and is concentrated by geological processes into uncommon silicate minerals. It has no known essential biological role. In soils and waters its mobility depends strongly on pH, mineral surfaces, and complexation; it is generally not abundant in natural waters. Environmental releases are mainly associated with mining, ore processing, combustion of some coals, and industrial handling of beryllium-containing materials.
Commercial beryllium supply is limited by the scarcity of workable deposits and by the need for controlled processing because of toxicity. Bertrandite ores in the United States and beryl from several regions have been important feedstocks. Extraction is chemically complex, and much demand is for high-value metal, copper-beryllium master alloys, and beryllium oxide ceramics rather than bulk structural metal. Recycling occurs from manufacturing scrap and selected end-of-life alloys, but health controls and material traceability are significant constraints. Substitution is often possible only with loss of stiffness, conductivity, X-ray transparency, or fatigue performance.
Beryllium is found in some 30 mineral species, the most important of which are bertrandite, beryl, chrysoberyl, and phenacite. Aquamarine and emerald are precious forms of beryl. Beryl and bertrandite are the most important commercial sources of the element and its compounds. Most of the metal is now prepared by reducing beryllium fluoride with magnesium metal. Beryllium metal did not become readily available to industry until 1957.
Beryllium is cosmically scarce because stable nuclei with mass numbers 5 and 8 are absent, limiting its production in ordinary stellar fusion chains. Most natural beryllium is thought to form by cosmic-ray spallation of heavier nuclei such as carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen in interstellar material. It is present in the Solar System only at low abundance compared with neighboring light elements.
- Beryllium has only one stable isotope, ⁹Be.
- Emerald and aquamarine are gem varieties of beryl colored by trace impurities, not by beryllium itself.
- Beryllium windows can pass X-rays while blocking visible light and air.
- Copper-beryllium tools are valued where sparking must be minimized.
- Beryllium oxide combines ceramic insulation with unusually high heat conduction.
Gambar
Sifat
Fisika
- Jari-jari atom (empiris)
- 105 pm Bandingkan Jari-jari atom (empiris) semua unsur →
- Jari-jari kovalen
- 96 pm Bandingkan Jari-jari kovalen semua unsur →
- Jari-jari van der Waals
- 153 pm Bandingkan Jari-jari van der Waals semua unsur →
- Jari-jari logam
- 89 pm Bandingkan Jari-jari logam semua unsur →
- Massa jenis
- 1850 kg/m³ Bandingkan Massa jenis semua unsur →
- Volume molar
- 0,005 L/mol
- Fase pada STP
- Padat Bandingkan Fase pada STP semua unsur →
- Titik lebur
- 1286,85 °C Bandingkan Titik lebur semua unsur →
- Titik didih
- 2470,85 °C Bandingkan Titik didih semua unsur →
- Konduktivitas termal
- 201 W/(m·K) Bandingkan Konduktivitas termal semua unsur →
- Kapasitas kalor spesifik
- 1,825 J/(g·K) Bandingkan Kapasitas kalor spesifik semua unsur →
- Kapasitas kalor molar
- 16,443 J/(mol·K) Bandingkan Kapasitas kalor molar semua unsur →
- Struktur kristal
- Heksagonal susunan rapat Bandingkan Struktur kristal semua unsur →
Kimia
- Keelektronegatifan (Pauling)
- 1,57 Bandingkan Keelektronegatifan (Pauling) semua unsur →
- Keelektronegatifan (Allen)
- 1,576
- Afinitas elektron
- -0,52 eV (nilai negatif — atom tidak diprediksi mengikat elektron tambahan)
- Energi ionisasi (ke-1)
- 9,322699 eV Bandingkan Energi ionisasi (ke-1) semua unsur →
- Energi ionisasi (ke-2)
- 18,211213 eV Bandingkan Energi ionisasi (ke-2) semua unsur →
- Energi ionisasi (ke-3)
- 153,896735 eV Bandingkan Energi ionisasi (ke-3) semua unsur →
- Energi ionisasi (ke-4)
- 217,719334 eV Bandingkan Energi ionisasi (ke-4) semua unsur →
- Bilangan oksidasi
- 0, +1, +2 Bandingkan Bilangan oksidasi semua unsur →
- Elektron valensi
- 2 Bandingkan Elektron valensi semua unsur →
- Konfigurasi elektron
- [He] 2s2
Termodinamika
- Titik kritis (suhu)
- 4932 °C
- Kalor peleburan
- 0,12644453 eV Bandingkan Kalor peleburan semua unsur →
- Kalor penguapan
- 3,078199 eV Bandingkan Kalor penguapan semua unsur →
- Kalor sublimasi
- 3,358035 eV
- Kalor atomisasi
- 3,358035 eV
- Entalpi atomisasi
- 3,358035 eV
Nuklir
- Proton
- 4 Bandingkan Proton semua unsur →
- Neutron
- 5 Bandingkan Neutron semua unsur →
- Isotop yang diketahui
- 12 Bandingkan Isotop yang diketahui semua unsur →
- Isotop stabil
- 1 Bandingkan Isotop stabil semua unsur →
- Isotop paling stabil
- Be-9
- Tahun penemuan
- 1797
Kelimpahan
- Kelimpahan (kerak Bumi)
- 2,8 mg/kg Bandingkan Kelimpahan (kerak Bumi) semua unsur →
- Kelimpahan (samudra)
- 5,6 × 10−6 mg/L Bandingkan Kelimpahan (samudra) semua unsur →
Struktur Kristal
- Konstanta kisi a
- 229 pm
Struktur Elektronik
- Elektron per kulit
- 2, 2 Bandingkan Elektron per kulit semua unsur →
Pengenal
- Nomor CAS
- 7440-41-7 Bandingkan Nomor CAS semua unsur →
- Simbol term
- 1S0
- InChI
- InChI=1S/Be
- Kunci InChI
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Konfigurasi Elektron Diukur
Be: 2s²[He] 2s²1s² 2s²Model atom
Isotop mengubah jumlah neutron, massa, dan kestabilan — bukan konfigurasi elektron atom netral.
Model atom skematis, tidak sesuai skala.
Sidik Jari Atom
Spektrum Emisi / Absorpsi
Distribusi Isotop
| Nomor massa | Massa atom (u) | Kelimpahan alami | Waktu paruh |
|---|---|---|---|
| 9 Stabil | 9,012183065 ± 0,000000082 | 100,0000% | Stabil |
Fase / Wujud
Alasan: 1261,8 °C di bawah titik lebur (1286,85 °C)
Skematis, tidak sesuai skala
Titik transisi fase
Energi transisi
Energi yang diperlukan untuk meleburkan 1 mol pada titik lebur
Energi yang diperlukan untuk menguapkan 1 mol pada titik didih
Energi yang diperlukan untuk menyublimkan 1 mol pada titik sublimasi
Massa jenis
Pada kondisi standar
Pada kondisi standar
Lanjutan
Spektrum Atom
Data Garis Spektrum ?
| Ion | Muatan | Total garis | Probabilitas transisi | Penamaan tingkat energi |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Be I | 0 | 581 | 394 | 581 |
| Be II | +1 | 681 | 149 | 681 |
| Be III | +2 | 323 | 302 | 316 |
| Be IV | +3 | 142 | 142 | 142 |
Data Tingkat Energi ?
| Ion | Muatan | Tingkat energi |
|---|---|---|
| Be I | 0 | 219 |
| Be II | +1 | 258 |
| Be III | +2 | 167 |
| Be IV | +3 | 149 |
Jari-jari Ion
| Muatan | Koordinasi | Spin | Jari-jari |
|---|---|---|---|
| +2 | 3 | Tidak tersedia | 16 pm |
| +2 | 4 | Tidak tersedia | 27 pm |
| +2 | 6 | Tidak tersedia | 45 pm |
Senyawa
Isotop (1)
| Nomor massa | Massa atom (u) | Kelimpahan alami | Waktu paruh | Mode peluruhan | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9 Stabil | 9,012183065 ± 0,000000082 | 100,0000% | Stabil | stable |
Garis Spektrum
| Panjang gelombang (nm) | Intensitas | Tahap ionisasi | Jenis | Transisi | Akurasi | Sumber | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 381.3453 nm | 22 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.2p 1P* → 1s2.2s.4d 1D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 385.17 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3p 4D → 1s.2p.4s 4P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 385.17 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3p 4D → 1s.2p.4s 4P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 385.17 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3p 4D → 1s.2p.4s 4P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 385.17 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3p 4D → 1s.2p.4s 4P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 385.17 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3p 4D → 1s.2p.4s 4P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 385.17 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3p 4D → 1s.2p.4s 4P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 385.17 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3p 4D → 1s.2p.4s 4P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 385.17 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3p 4D → 1s.2p.4s 4P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 386.513 nm | 3 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2p2 3P → 1s2.2p.3s 3P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 386.5427 nm | 5 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2p2 3P → 1s2.2p.3s 3P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 386.5517 nm | 1 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2p2 3P → 1s2.2p.3s 3P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 386.5725 nm | 2 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2p2 3P → 1s2.2p.3s 3P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 386.6022 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be I | emission | 1s2.2p2 3P → 1s2.2p.3s 3P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 386.6037 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be I | emission | 1s2.2p2 3P → 1s2.2p.3s 3P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 388.143 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be III | emission | 1s.4s 3S → 1s.5p 3P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 388.143 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be III | emission | 1s.4s 3S → 1s.5p 3P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 388.143 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be III | emission | 1s.4s 3S → 1s.5p 3P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 399.55 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.(3P*).3d 2D* → 1s.2p.(3P*).4f 2F | Diukur | NIST | |
| 399.55 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.(3P*).3d 2D* → 1s.2p.(3P*).4f 2F | Diukur | NIST | |
| 399.55 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.(3P*).3d 2D* → 1s.2p.(3P*).4f 2F | Diukur | NIST | |
| 403.93 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4F* → 1s.2p.4f 4D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 403.93 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4F* → 1s.2p.4f 4D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 403.93 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4F* → 1s.2p.4f 4D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 403.93 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4F* → 1s.2p.4f 4D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 403.93 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4F* → 1s.2p.4f 4D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 403.93 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4F* → 1s.2p.4f 4D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 403.93 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4F* → 1s.2p.4f 4D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 403.93 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4F* → 1s.2p.4f 4D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 403.93 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4F* → 1s.2p.4f 4D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 416.63 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be III | emission | 1s.4s 1S → 1s.5p 1P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 419.97 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be III | emission | 1s.4s 1S → 1s.5d 1D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 424.41 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be III | emission | 1s.4p 3P* → 1s.5d 1D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 424.41 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be III | emission | 1s.4p 3P* → 1s.5d 1D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 424.906 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be III | emission | 1s.4p 3P* → 1s.5d 3D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 424.906 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be III | emission | 1s.4p 3P* → 1s.5d 3D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 424.906 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be III | emission | 1s.4p 3P* → 1s.5d 3D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 424.906 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be III | emission | 1s.4p 3P* → 1s.5d 3D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 424.906 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be III | emission | 1s.4p 3P* → 1s.5d 3D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 424.906 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be III | emission | 1s.4p 3P* → 1s.5d 3D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 425.2 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3p 4P* → 1s.2s.4s 4S | Diukur | NIST | |
| 425.2 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3p 4P* → 1s.2s.4s 4S | Diukur | NIST | |
| 425.2 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3p 4P* → 1s.2s.4s 4S | Diukur | NIST | |
| 425.2987 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 3D → 1s2.2p.3s 3P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 425.2987 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 3D → 1s2.2p.3s 3P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 425.2987 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 3D → 1s2.2p.3s 3P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 425.3707 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 3D → 1s2.2p.3s 3P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 425.3707 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 3D → 1s2.2p.3s 3P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 425.4085 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3d 3D → 1s2.2p.3s 3P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 432.953 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2s.4f 4F* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 432.953 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2s.4f 4F* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 432.953 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2s.4f 4F* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 432.953 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2s.4f 4F* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 432.953 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2s.4f 4F* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 432.953 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2s.4f 4F* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 432.953 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2s.4f 4F* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 432.953 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2s.4f 4F* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 432.953 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2s.4f 4F* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 433.302 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.10f 2F* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 433.306 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.10f 2F* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 433.306 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.10f 2F* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 436.0665 nm | 810 | Be II | emission | 1s2.3p 2P* → 1s2.4d 2D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 436.0986 nm | 960 | Be II | emission | 1s2.3p 2P* → 1s2.4d 2D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 436.1032 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s2.3p 2P* → 1s2.4d 2D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 437.112 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4D* → 1s.2p.4f 4F | Diukur | NIST | |
| 437.112 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4D* → 1s.2p.4f 4F | Diukur | NIST | |
| 437.112 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4D* → 1s.2p.4f 4F | Diukur | NIST | |
| 437.112 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4D* → 1s.2p.4f 4F | Diukur | NIST | |
| 437.112 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4D* → 1s.2p.4f 4F | Diukur | NIST | |
| 437.112 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4D* → 1s.2p.4f 4F | Diukur | NIST | |
| 437.112 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4D* → 1s.2p.4f 4F | Diukur | NIST | |
| 437.112 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4D* → 1s.2p.4f 4F | Diukur | NIST | |
| 437.112 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4D* → 1s.2p.4f 4F | Diukur | NIST | |
| 440.393 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.9d 2D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 440.408 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.9d 2D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 440.408 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.9d 2D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 440.7936 nm | 19 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.2p 1P* → 1s2.2s.4s 1S | Diukur | NIST | |
| 445.828 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 1D → 1s.5p 1P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 446.786 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.9s 2S | Diukur | NIST | |
| 446.802 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.9s 2S | Diukur | NIST | |
| 447.669 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s2.4s 2S → 1s2.7p 2P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 447.672 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s2.4s 2S → 1s2.7p 2P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 448.651 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.5f 1F* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 448.651 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.5f 1F* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 448.651 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.5f 3F* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 448.651 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.5f 3F* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 448.651 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.5f 3F* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 448.651 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.5f 3F* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 448.651 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.5f 3F* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 448.651 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.5f 3F* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 449.54 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 1D → 1s.5f 1F* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 449.54 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 1D → 1s.5f 3F* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 449.54 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 1D → 1s.5f 3F* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 449.96 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be III | emission | 1s.4f 1F* → 1s.5d 1D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 449.96 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be III | emission | 1s.4f 3F* → 1s.5d 1D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 450.511 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be III | emission | 1s.4f 1F* → 1s.5d 3D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 450.511 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be III | emission | 1s.4f 1F* → 1s.5d 3D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 450.511 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be III | emission | 1s.4f 3F* → 1s.5d 3D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 450.511 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be III | emission | 1s.4f 3F* → 1s.5d 3D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 450.511 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be III | emission | 1s.4f 3F* → 1s.5d 3D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 450.511 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be III | emission | 1s.4f 3F* → 1s.5d 3D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 450.511 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be III | emission | 1s.4f 3F* → 1s.5d 3D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 450.511 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be III | emission | 1s.4f 3F* → 1s.5d 3D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 452.6406 nm | 7 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.4p 1P* → 1s2.2p.3p 1P | Diukur | NIST | |
| 453.543 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.9f 2F* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 453.548 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.9f 2F* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 453.548 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.9f 2F* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 453.58 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be III | emission | 1s.4p 1P* → 1s.5p 1P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 454.06 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s2.4f 2F* → 1s2.9g 2G | Diukur | NIST | |
| 454.062 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s2.4f 2F* → 1s2.9g 2G | Diukur | NIST | |
| 454.062 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s2.4f 2F* → 1s2.9g 2G | Diukur | NIST | |
| 454.788 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.9p 2P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 454.789 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.9p 2P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 454.793 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.9p 2P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 454.8055 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s2 1S → 1s2.2s.2p 3P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 454.85379 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s2 1S → 1s2.2s.2p 3P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 457.266603 nm | 30 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.2p 1P* → 1s2.2s.3d 1D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 457.55 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be III | emission | 1s.4p 1P* → 1s.5d 1D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 458.12 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be III | emission | 1s.4p 1P* → 1s.5d 3D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 459.61 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2s.4p 4P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 459.61 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2s.4p 4P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 459.61 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2s.4p 4P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 459.61 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2s.4p 4P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 459.61 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2s.4p 4P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 459.61 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2s.4p 4P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 459.61 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2s.4p 4P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 459.61 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s.2s.3d 4D → 1s.2s.4p 4P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 461.05 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3p 4P → 1s.2p.4s 4P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 461.05 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3p 4P → 1s.2p.4s 4P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 461.05 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3p 4P → 1s.2p.4s 4P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 461.05 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3p 4P → 1s.2p.4s 4P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 461.05 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3p 4P → 1s.2p.4s 4P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 461.05 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3p 4P → 1s.2p.4s 4P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 461.05 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3p 4P → 1s.2p.4s 4P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 462.827 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.5p 3P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 462.827 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.5p 3P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 462.827 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.5p 3P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 462.827 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.5p 3P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 462.827 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.5p 3P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 462.827 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 3D → 1s.5p 3P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 463.774 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 1D → 1s.5p 3P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 463.774 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be III | emission | 1s.4d 1D → 1s.5p 3P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 465.722198 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be IV | emission | 5p 2P* → 6d 2D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 465.730484 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be IV | emission | 5s 2S → 6p 2P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 465.792545 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be IV | emission | 5p 2P* → 6s 2S | Diukur | NIST | |
| 465.805836 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be IV | emission | 5s 2S → 6p 2P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 465.827127 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be IV | emission | 5d 2D → 6f 2F* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 465.827302 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be IV | emission | 5p 2P* → 6d 2D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 465.85207 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be IV | emission | 5d 2D → 6p 2P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 465.852419 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be IV | emission | 5p 2P* → 6d 2D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 465.857919 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be IV | emission | 5f 2F* → 6g 2G | Diukur | NIST | |
| 465.857973 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be IV | emission | 5d 2D → 6f 2F* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 465.870408 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be IV | emission | 5f 2F* → 6d 2D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 465.870532 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be IV | emission | 5d 2D → 6f 2F* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 465.872059 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be IV | emission | 5g 2G → 6h 2H* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 465.872085 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be IV | emission | 5f 2F* → 6g 2G | Diukur | NIST | |
| 465.879556 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be IV | emission | 5g 2G → 6f 2F* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 465.879621 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be IV | emission | 5f 2F* → 6g 2G | Diukur | NIST | |
| 465.8800567 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be IV | emission | 5g 2G → 6h 2H* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 465.8850804 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be IV | emission | 5g 2G → 6h 2H* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 465.892111 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be IV | emission | 5f 2F* → 6d 2D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 465.892116 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be IV | emission | 5g 2G → 6f 2F* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 465.892578 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be IV | emission | 5g 2G → 6f 2F* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 465.89548 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be IV | emission | 5d 2D → 6p 2P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 465.89553 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be IV | emission | 5f 2F* → 6d 2D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 465.9228055 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be IV | emission | 5p 2P* → 6s 2S | Diukur | NIST | |
| 465.927462 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be IV | emission | 5d 2D → 6p 2P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 466.346 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be III | emission | 1s.4p 3P* → 1s.5s 3S | Diukur | NIST | |
| 466.346 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be III | emission | 1s.4p 3P* → 1s.5s 3S | Diukur | NIST | |
| 466.346 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be III | emission | 1s.4p 3P* → 1s.5s 3S | Diukur | NIST | |
| 466.37 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4P* → 1s.2p.4f 4D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 466.37 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4P* → 1s.2p.4f 4D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 466.37 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4P* → 1s.2p.4f 4D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 466.37 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4P* → 1s.2p.4f 4D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 466.37 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4P* → 1s.2p.4f 4D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 466.37 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4P* → 1s.2p.4f 4D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 466.37 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4P* → 1s.2p.4f 4D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 466.37 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s.2p.3d 4P* → 1s.2p.4f 4D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 467.3332 nm | 1060 | Be II | emission | 1s2.3d 2D → 1s2.4f 2F* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 467.342 nm | 1160 | Be II | emission | 1s2.3d 2D → 1s2.4f 2F* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 467.345 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s2.3d 2D → 1s2.4f 2F* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 470.234 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.8d 2D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 470.252 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.8d 2D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 470.252 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.8d 2D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 470.9391 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.8p 3P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 470.9394 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.8p 3P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 470.9396 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.8p 3P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 480.759 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.8s 2S | Diukur | NIST | |
| 480.777 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.8s 2S | Diukur | NIST | |
| 482.799 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s2.3d 2D → 1s2.4p 2P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 482.812 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s2.3d 2D → 1s2.4p 2P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 482.818 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s2.3d 2D → 1s2.4p 2P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 484.9153 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.7p 3P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 484.9153 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.7p 3P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 484.9156 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.7p 3P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 485.233 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.8f 2F* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 485.238 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.8f 2F* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 485.238 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.8f 2F* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 485.6045 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.2p 3P* → 1s2.2s.2p 1P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 485.61897 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.2p 3P* → 1s2.2s.2p 1P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 485.61897 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.2p 3P* → 1s2.2s.2p 1P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 485.6741 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.2p 3P* → 1s2.2s.2p 1P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 485.6741 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.2p 3P* → 1s2.2s.2p 1P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 485.82 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s2.4f 2F* → 1s2.8g 2G | Diukur | NIST | |
| 485.823 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s2.4f 2F* → 1s2.8g 2G | Diukur | NIST | |
| 485.823 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s2.4f 2F* → 1s2.8g 2G | Diukur | NIST | |
| 508.7714 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.6p 3P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 508.7714 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.6p 3P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 508.7719 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.6p 3P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 515.2 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be III | emission | 1s.5d 1D → 1s.7p 1P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 515.778 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be III | emission | 1s.5d 3D → 1s.7f 3F* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 515.778 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be III | emission | 1s.5d 3D → 1s.7f 3F* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 515.778 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be III | emission | 1s.5d 3D → 1s.7f 3F* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 515.778 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be III | emission | 1s.5d 3D → 1s.7f 3F* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 515.778 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be III | emission | 1s.5d 3D → 1s.7f 3F* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 515.778 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be III | emission | 1s.5d 3D → 1s.7f 3F* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 516.51 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be III | emission | 1s.5d 1D → 1s.7f 3F* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 516.51 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be III | emission | 1s.5d 1D → 1s.7f 3F* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 521.8119 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.7d 2D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 521.834 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.7d 2D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 521.834 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.7d 2D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 525.007 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 1S → 1s2.2s.9p 1P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 525.584 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s2.4s 2S → 1s2.6p 2P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 525.59 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s2.4s 2S → 1s2.6p 2P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 526.1527 nm | 5 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.5p 1P* → 1s2.2p.3p 1P | Diukur | NIST | |
| 527.027 nm | 810 | Be II | emission | 1s2.3p 2P* → 1s2.4s 2S | Diukur | NIST | |
| 527.0806 nm | 960 | Be II | emission | 1s2.3p 2P* → 1s2.4s 2S | Diukur | NIST | |
| 536.552 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 1S → 1s2.2s.8p 1P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 540.299 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.7f 2F* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 540.306 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.7f 2F* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 540.306 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.7f 2F* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 541.018 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s2.4f 2F* → 1s2.7g 2G | Diukur | NIST | |
| 541.022 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s2.4f 2F* → 1s2.7g 2G | Diukur | NIST | |
| 541.022 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s2.4f 2F* → 1s2.7g 2G | Diukur | NIST | |
| 541.612 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.7s 2S | Diukur | NIST | |
| 541.636 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.7s 2S | Diukur | NIST | |
| 544.069 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.7p 2P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 544.073 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.7p 2P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 544.076 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.7p 2P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 554.648 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 1S → 1s2.2s.7p 1P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 555.881 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.5p 3P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 555.881 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.5p 3P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 555.881 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.5p 3P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 585.7012 nm | 3 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 1S → 1s2.2s.6p 1P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 593.771 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be I | emission | 1s2.2p2 1D → 1s2.2s.9p 1P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 608.58 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be I | emission | 1s2.2p2 1D → 1s2.2s.8p 1P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 608.6 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be I | emission | 1s2.2p2 1D → 1s2.2s.8p 3P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 614.2 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be III | emission | 1s.2s 1S → 1s.2p 1P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 622.9108 nm | 3 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2p2 1D → 1s2.2s.7f 1F* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 627.9418 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.6d 2D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 627.9737 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.6d 2D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 627.9737 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.6d 2D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 631.966 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be I | emission | 1s2.2p2 1D → 1s2.2s.7p 1P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 632.145 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be I | emission | 1s2.2p2 1D → 1s2.2s.7p 3P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 647.3536 nm | 7 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 1S → 1s2.2s.5p 1P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 654.784 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.6f 2F* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 654.793 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.6f 2F* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 654.794 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.6f 2F* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 655.833 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s2.4f 2F* → 1s2.6g 2G | Diukur | NIST | |
| 655.839 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s2.4f 2F* → 1s2.6g 2G | Diukur | NIST | |
| 655.839 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s2.4f 2F* → 1s2.6g 2G | Diukur | NIST | |
| 656.4519 nm | 9 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2p2 1D → 1s2.2s.6f 1F* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 663.633 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.6p 2P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 663.644 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.6p 2P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 663.644 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be II | emission | 1s2.4d 2D → 1s2.6p 2P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 671.15 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.9d 3D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 671.21 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.9d 3D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 671.23 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.9d 3D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 671.25 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.9d 3D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 671.25 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.9d 3D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 671.26 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.9d 3D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 672.598 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be I | emission | 1s2.2p2 1D → 1s2.2s.6p 1P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 675.675 nm | 10 | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.6s 2S | Diukur | NIST | |
| 675.712 nm | 110 | Be II | emission | 1s2.4p 2P* → 1s2.6s 2S | Diukur | NIST | |
| 678.656 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.4p 3P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 678.656 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.4p 3P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 678.656 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3s 3S → 1s2.2s.4p 3P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 688.422 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.8d 3D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 688.422 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.8d 3D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 688.423 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.8d 3D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 688.44 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.8d 3D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 688.44 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.8d 3D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 688.444 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.8d 3D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 698.273 nm | 13 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.2p 1P* → 1s2.2p2 1D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 704.98 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.8s 3S | Diukur | NIST | |
| 704.98 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.8s 3S | Diukur | NIST | |
| 705 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.8s 3S | Diukur | NIST | |
| 715.44 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.7d 3D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 715.44 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.7d 3D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 715.441 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.7d 3D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 715.459 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.7d 3D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 715.46 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.7d 3D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 715.465 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.7d 3D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 720.9132 nm | 13 | Be I | emission | 1s2.2p2 1D → 1s2.2s.5f 1F* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 720.928 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be I | emission | 1s2.2p2 1D → 1s2.2s.5f 3F* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 730.819 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 1P* → 1s2.2s.9d 1D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 740.1196 nm | 210 | Be II | emission | 1s2.4s 2S → 1s2.5p 2P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 740.1431 nm | 110 | Be II | emission | 1s2.4s 2S → 1s2.5p 2P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 743.44 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.7s 3S | Diukur | NIST | |
| 743.44 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.7s 3S | Diukur | NIST | |
| 743.46 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 3P* → 1s2.2s.7s 3S | Diukur | NIST | |
| 744.887 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 1P* → 1s2.2s.9s 1S | Diukur | NIST | |
| 749.842 nm | Tidak tersedia | Be I | emission | 1s2.2s.3p 1P* → 1s2.2s.8d 1D | Diukur | NIST |
Sifat Lanjutan
Jari-jari Kovalen (Lanjutan)
- Jari-jari kovalen (Pyykkö)
- 102 pm
- Jari-jari kovalen (Pyykkö, ikatan rangkap dua)
- 90 pm
- Jari-jari kovalen (Pyykkö, ikatan rangkap tiga)
- 85 pm
- Jari-jari kovalen (Bragg)
- 115 pm
Jari-jari van der Waals
- Truhlar
- 153 pm
- Batsanov
- 190 pm
- Alvarez
- 198 pm
- UFF
- 274,5 pm
- MM3
- 223 pm
Jari-jari Atom & Logam
- Jari-jari atom (Rahm)
- 219 pm
- Jari-jari logam (C12)
- 112 pm
Skala Penomoran
- Mendeleev
- 75
- Pettifor
- 77
- Glawe
- 77
Skala Keelektronegatifan
- Ghosh
- 0
- Miedema
- 5
- Gunnarsson–Lundqvist
- 4
- Robles–Bartolotti
- 4
Polarizabilitas & Dispersi
- Polarizabilitas dipol
- 37,74 a.u.
- Polarizabilitas dipol (ketidakpastian)
- 0,03 a.u.
- C₆
- 227 Ha·Bohr6
- C₆ (Gould–Bučko)
- 214 Ha·Bohr6
Parameter Miedema
- Volume molar Miedema
- 4,9 cm3/mol
- Kerapatan elektron Miedema
- 5
Risiko Pasokan & Ekonomi
- Konsentrasi produksi
- 85
- Risiko pasokan relatif
- 8
- Stabilitas politik (produsen terbesar)
- 57
Transisi Fase & Alotrop
| Titik lebur | 1560,15 K |
| Titik didih | 2741,15 K |
| Titik kritis (suhu) | 5205,15 K |
Kategori Bilangan Oksidasi
Data Referensi Lanjutan
Konstanta Pemerisaian (2)
| n | Orbital | σ |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | s | 0,3152 |
| 2 | s | 2,088 |
Detail Jari-jari Kristal (3)
| Muatan | CN | Spin | rcrystal (pm) | Asal |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | III | 30 | ||
| 2 | IV | 41 | ||
| 2 | VI | 59 | calculated, |
Mode Peluruhan Isotop (19)
| Isotop | Mode | Intensitas |
|---|---|---|
| 5 | p | — |
| 6 | 2p | 100% |
| 7 | EC | 100% |
| 8 | A | 100% |
| 10 | B- | 100% |
| 11 | B- | 100% |
| 11 | B-A | 3,3% |
| 11 | B-p | 0% |
| 11 | B-n | — |
| 12 | B- | 100% |
Faktor Hamburan Sinar-X (724)
| Energi (eV) | f₁ | f₂ |
|---|---|---|
| 10 | — | 1,70333 |
| 10,1617 | — | 1,71802 |
| 10,3261 | — | 1,73284 |
| 10,4931 | — | 1,74778 |
| 10,6628 | — | 1,75737 |
| 10,8353 | — | 1,76678 |
| 11,0105 | — | 1,77624 |
| 11,1886 | — | 1,78574 |
| 11,3696 | — | 1,7953 |
| 11,5535 | — | 1,80306 |
Data Tambahan
Estimated Crustal Abundance
The estimated element abundance in the earth's crust.
2.8 milligrams per kilogram
Referensi (1)
- [5] Beryllium https://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele004.html
Estimated Oceanic Abundance
The estimated element abundance in the earth's oceans.
5.6×10-6 milligrams per liter
Referensi (1)
- [5] Beryllium https://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele004.html
Sources
Sources of this element.
Beryllium is found in some 30 mineral species, the most important of which are bertrandite, beryl, chrysoberyl, and phenacite. Aquamarine and emerald are precious forms of beryl. Beryl and bertrandite are the most important commercial sources of the element and its compounds. Most of the metal is now prepared by reducing beryllium fluoride with magnesium metal. Beryllium metal did not become readily available to industry until 1957.
Referensi (1)
- [6] Beryllium https://periodic.lanl.gov/4.shtml
Referensi
(9)
Data deposited in or computed by PubChem
The half-life and atomic mass data was provided by the Atomic Mass Data Center at the International Atomic Energy Agency.
Element data are cited from the Atomic weights of the elements (an IUPAC Technical Report). The IUPAC periodic table of elements can be found at https://iupac.org/what-we-do/periodic-table-of-elements/. Additional information can be found within IUPAC publication doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0703 Copyright © 2020 International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.
The information are cited from Pure Appl. Chem. 2018; 90(12): 1833-2092, https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2015-0703.
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jefferson Lab) is one of 17 national laboratories funded by the U.S. Department of Energy. The lab's primary mission is to conduct basic research of the atom's nucleus using the lab's unique particle accelerator, known as the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF). For more information visit https://www.jlab.org/
The periodic table at the LANL (Los Alamos National Laboratory) contains basic element information together with the history, source, properties, use, handling and more. The provenance data may be found from the link under the source name.
The periodic table contains NIST's critically-evaluated data on atomic properties of the elements. The provenance data that include data for atomic spectroscopy, X-ray and gamma ray, radiation dosimetry, nuclear physics, and condensed matter physics may be found from the link under the source name. Ref: https://www.nist.gov/pml/atomic-spectra-database
This section provides all form of data related to element Beryllium.
The element property data was retrieved from publications.