Oganesson (Og)
noble-gasExpected to be a Gas
Nguyên tử khối chuẩn
[294]Cấu hình electron
[Rn] 7s2 7p6 5f14 6d10 (Dự đoán)Nhiệt độ nóng chảy
Không cóNhiệt độ sôi
-243,15 °CKhối lượng riêng
7000 kg/m³Trạng thái oxi hóa
−1, 0, +1, +2, +4, +6Độ âm điện (Pauling)
Không cóNăng lượng ion hóa (lần 1)
Không cóNăm phát hiện
2006Bán kính nguyên tử
Không cóChi tiết
Oganesson is a synthetic element at the end of period 7 and is placed in group 18 with the noble gases. It has been made only atom by atom in heavy-ion fusion experiments, with the best-established isotope, ²⁹⁴Og, decaying in about a millisecond. Its chemistry has not been observed directly. Relativistic calculations suggest that it may be far less inert than lighter noble gases.
Oganesson does not occur naturally in the Earth’s crust. The name oganesson and symbol Og are the accepted ones for element 118. The name is in line with the tradition of honoring a scientist and recognizes Prof. Yuri Oganessian (Fig. IUPAC.118.1; born 1933) for his pioneering contribution to trans-actinoid element research. His many achievements include the discovery of super-heavy elements and significant advances in the nuclear physics of super-heavy nuclei, including experimental evidence for the “island of stability.”
In 2005, experiments were performed in Dubna’s U-400 cyclotron, where 48Ca bombarded a spinning target of 249Cf at nearly 3×104 km/s to produce oganesson. With the success of creating oganesson, scientists from Livermore and Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) are starting experiments to create element 120 by bombarding a 244Pu target with a beam of 58Fe [680], [681], [682], [683]. Oganesson has no known isotopic applications aside from scientific research.
On October 16, 2006, scientists working at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia, along with scientists from the U.S. Department of Energy's Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, announced the creation of oganesson. They produced oganesson by bombarding atoms of californium-249 with ions of calcium-48. This produced oganesson-294, an isotope with a half-life of about 0.89 milliseconds (0.00089 seconds), and three free neutrons. The californium target was irradiated with a total of 1.6*1019 calcium ions over the course of 1080 hours, resulting in the production of three atoms of oganesson. Oganesson's most stable isotope, oganesson-294, has a half-life of about 0.89 milliseconds. It decays into livermorium-290 through alpha decay.
On Novemer 28th, 2016, element 118 was named Oganesson with the symbol (Og). The name was proposed by the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna (Russia) and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (USA). It honors Professor Yuri Oganessian (born 1933) for his pioneering contributions to transactinoid elements research.
No macroscopic sample of oganesson has ever existed, so its appearance, density, melting point, and boiling point are not experimentally known. Predictions often treat it as a condensed, highly polarizable substance under ordinary conditions, but this remains theoretical.
Oganesson has no practical, commercial, medical, or industrial use. Its value is confined to nuclear research, where a few atoms can test models of superheavy nuclei, alpha decay, spontaneous fission, and the limits of the periodic table. The element cannot be stored or accumulated in useful quantities because its known nuclei decay almost immediately after formation.
Since only a few atoms of oganesson have ever been produced, it currently has no uses outside of basic scientific research.
No compound of oganesson has been experimentally prepared or characterized. Its possible chemistry is inferred from relativistic quantum calculations, which predict unusually strong spin-orbit effects and high polarizability for a group 18 element. Hypothetical species such as oganesson difluoride (OgF₂), oganesson tetrafluoride (OgF₄), and oxides have been discussed, but their stability, structures, and oxidation states are not established by experiment.
See more information at the Oganesson compound page.
The immediate hazard of oganesson is radiological rather than chemical. Known atoms decay by alpha emission and through radioactive daughter nuclei on extremely short timescales. Because only a few atoms are produced in shielded accelerator targets, ordinary chemical exposure is not a realistic scenario. Target materials and reaction products require standard controls for radioactive heavy-element experiments.
Oganesson has no confirmed natural occurrence and no known environmental cycle. Any atoms made in laboratories decay long before they could disperse as a chemical contaminant. Environmental considerations are therefore associated with accelerator operations, irradiated targets, and radioactive residues, not with persistent oganesson itself.
Oganesson has no commodity market, no industrial supply chain, and no recoverable stock. It is produced only in specialized nuclear laboratories by bombarding rare actinide targets, notably californium-249 (²⁴⁹Cf), with calcium-48 (⁴⁸Ca) ions. Production depends on scarce target isotopes, long accelerator runs, and detection of individual decay chains. Substitution and recycling are not meaningful concepts for the element itself.
Made by bombarding californium-249 with calcium-48.
Oganesson is not expected to be a persistent cosmic element because its known nuclei are far too unstable. Superheavy nuclei may be formed transiently in extreme nucleosynthetic environments, but no natural or extraterrestrial oganesson has been confirmed. Its relevance to astrophysics is mainly through theoretical work on nuclear stability at very high atomic number.
- Oganesson is the heaviest element with an officially approved name.
- Its placement under radon does not mean its chemistry is known to resemble radon closely.
- The name honors nuclear physicist Yuri Oganessian.
- Individual oganesson atoms are identified through correlated decay chains, not by weighing or isolating the element.
- Relativistic effects are expected to be central to any real oganesson chemistry.
Hình ảnh
Tính chất
Vật lý
- Khối lượng riêng
- 7000 kg/m³ So sánh Khối lượng riêng của tất cả nguyên tố →
- Pha ở STP
- Khí So sánh Pha ở STP của tất cả nguyên tố →
- Nhiệt độ sôi
- -243,15 °C So sánh Nhiệt độ sôi của tất cả nguyên tố →
Hóa học
- Ái lực electron
- 0,056 eV
- Trạng thái oxi hóa
- −1, 0, +1, +2, +4, +6 So sánh Trạng thái oxi hóa của tất cả nguyên tố →
- Electron hóa trị
- 8 So sánh Electron hóa trị của tất cả nguyên tố →
- Cấu hình electron
- [Rn] 7s2 7p6 5f14 6d10 (Dự đoán)
Nhiệt động lực học
Không có
Hạt nhân
- Proton
- 118 So sánh Proton của tất cả nguyên tố →
- Neutron
- 175 So sánh Neutron của tất cả nguyên tố →
- Các đồng vị đã biết
- 2 So sánh Các đồng vị đã biết của tất cả nguyên tố →
- Đồng vị bền
- 0 So sánh Đồng vị bền của tất cả nguyên tố →
- Số khối (đồng vị bền nhất)
- 294
- Đồng vị bền nhất
- Og-293
- Năm phát hiện
- 2006
Độ phổ biến
Không có
Cấu trúc tinh thể
Không có
Cấu trúc electron
- Số electron trong mỗi lớp
- 14, 10, 8 So sánh Số electron trong mỗi lớp của tất cả nguyên tố →
Mã định danh
- Số CAS
- 54144-19-3 So sánh Số CAS của tất cả nguyên tố →
- InChI
- InChI=1S/Og
- Khóa InChI
- GOANEQIZDYDFCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Cấu hình electron Dự đoán
——Không có dữ liệu cấu hình electron cho ion này.
Mô hình nguyên tử
Các đồng vị khác nhau về số neutron, khối lượng và độ bền — không khác nhau về cấu hình electron của nguyên tử trung hòa.
Không có
Mô hình nguyên tử minh họa, không theo tỷ lệ.
Dấu vân tay nguyên tử
Phổ phát xạ / hấp thụ
Phân bố đồng vị
Không có đồng vị bền.
| Số khối | Khối lượng nguyên tử (u) | Độ phổ biến tự nhiên | Chu kỳ bán rã |
|---|---|---|---|
| 293 Phóng xạ | 293,21356 ± 0,00078 | Không có | 1 ms |
| 294 Phóng xạ | 294,21392 ± 0,00071 | Không có | 0.7 ms |
Pha / Trạng thái
Lý do: cao hơn nhiệt độ sôi (-243,15 °C) một lượng 268,1 °C
Sơ đồ minh họa, không theo tỷ lệ
Điểm chuyển pha
Khối lượng riêng
Ở điều kiện chuẩn
Ước tính theo phương trình khí lý tưởng tại T hiện tại
Không có dữ liệu cấu trúc tinh thể cho pha rắn
Đồng vị (2)
| Số khối | Khối lượng nguyên tử (u) | Độ phổ biến tự nhiên | Chu kỳ bán rã | Kiểu phân rã | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 293 Phóng xạ | 293,21356 ± 0,00078 | Không có | 1 ms | α ? | |
| 294 Phóng xạ | 294,21392 ± 0,00071 | Không có | 0.7 ms | α ≈100%SF ? |
Tính chất mở rộng
Bán kính cộng hóa trị (mở rộng)
- Bán kính cộng hóa trị (Pyykkö)
- 157 pm
Các thang đánh số
- Mendeleev
- 118
Độ phân cực hóa và tán sắc
- Độ phân cực hóa lưỡng cực
- 58 a.u.
- Độ phân cực hóa lưỡng cực (độ không đảm bảo)
- 6 a.u.
Tính chất khí hiếm
Phân loại trạng thái oxi hóa
Dữ liệu tham khảo chuyên sâu
Các kiểu phân rã đồng vị (3)
| Đồng vị | Chế độ | Cường độ |
|---|---|---|
| 293 | A | — |
| 294 | A | 100% |
| 294 | SF | — |
Dữ liệu bổ sung
Estimated Crustal Abundance
The estimated element abundance in the earth's crust.
Not Applicable
Tài liệu tham khảo (1)
- [5] Oganesson https://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele118.html
Estimated Oceanic Abundance
The estimated element abundance in the earth's oceans.
Not Applicable
Tài liệu tham khảo (1)
- [5] Oganesson https://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele118.html
Tài liệu tham khảo
(8)
Data deposited in or computed by PubChem
The half-life and atomic mass data was provided by the Atomic Mass Data Center at the International Atomic Energy Agency.
Element data are cited from the Atomic weights of the elements (an IUPAC Technical Report). The IUPAC periodic table of elements can be found at https://iupac.org/what-we-do/periodic-table-of-elements/. Additional information can be found within IUPAC publication doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0703 Copyright © 2020 International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.
The information are cited from Pure Appl. Chem. 2018; 90(12): 1833-2092, https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2015-0703.
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jefferson Lab) is one of 17 national laboratories funded by the U.S. Department of Energy. The lab's primary mission is to conduct basic research of the atom's nucleus using the lab's unique particle accelerator, known as the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF). For more information visit https://www.jlab.org/
The periodic table at the LANL (Los Alamos National Laboratory) contains basic element information together with the history, source, properties, use, handling and more. The provenance data may be found from the link under the source name.
The periodic table contains NIST's critically-evaluated data on atomic properties of the elements.
This section provides all form of data related to element Oganesson.