Francium (Fr)
alkali-metalSolid
प्रमाणित अणुभार
[223]इलेक्ट्रॉन संरूपण
[Rn] 7s1द्रवणांक
26.85 °Cउत्कलनांक
उपलब्ध नाहीघनता
1870 kg/m³ऑक्सिडीकरण अवस्था
+1विद्युतऋणता (पॉलिंग)
0.7आयनीकरण ऊर्जा (पहिली)
4.072741 eVशोधाचे वर्ष
1939अणुत्रिज्या
उपलब्ध नाहीतपशील
Francium is the heaviest known alkali metal and a member of group 1. All of its isotopes are radioactive, and the element occurs naturally only as fleeting decay products in uranium and thorium series minerals. Its chemistry is expected and partly observed to resemble an extremely electropositive form of caesium, dominated by the +1 oxidation state. Because the longest-lived isotope, ²²³Fr, has a half-life of only about 22 minutes, francium has no bulk technological role.
Francium was discovered in 1939 by Marguerite Perey, a physicist at the Curie Institute in Paris, France (Fig. IUPAC.87.1). 223Fr (with a half-life of 22 min) occurs naturally in uranium minerals as a result of actinium decay. However, it is estimated that no more than approximately 30 g of francium is present in the Earth’s crust at any time. Francium can be produced artificially for research by bombarding thorium with protons. Francium was named in honor of Perey’s home country, France [575], [576], [577]. Francium has no known isotopic applications outside of scientific research.
Francium was discovered by Marguerite Catherine Perey, a French chemist, in 1939 while analyzing actinium's decay sequence. Although considered a natural element, scientists estimate that there is no more than one ounce of francium in the earth's crust at one time. Since there is so little naturally occurring francium on earth, scientists must produce francium in order to study it. Francium can be produced by bombarding thorium with protons or by bombarding radium with neutrons. Francium's most stable isotope, francium-223, has a half-life of about 22 minutes. It decays into radium-223 through beta decay or into astatine-219 through alpha decay.
Discovered in 1939 by Mlle. Marguerite Perey of the Curie Institute, Paris. Francium, the heaviest known member of the alkali metals series, occurs as a result of an alpha disintegration of actinium. It can also be made artificially by bombarding thorium with protons. While it occurs naturally in uranium minerals, there is probably less than an ounce of francium at any time in the total crust of the earth. It has the highest equivalent weight of any element, and is the most unstable of the first 101 elements of the periodic system. Thirty-three isotopes of francium are recognized. The longest lived 223Fr (Ac, K), a daughter of 227Ac, has a half-life of 22 min. This is the only isotope of francium occurring in nature. Because all known isotopes of francium are highly unstable, knowledge of the chemical properties of this element comes from radiochemical techniques. No weighable quantity of the element has been prepared or isolated. The chemical properties of francium most resemble cesium.
No macroscopic sample of pure francium has been prepared, so its actual bulk appearance is unknown. By periodic trend it is predicted to be a very soft, silvery metallic solid, but this has not been directly observed.
Francium has no commercial or industrial use. Its practical use is confined to research with very small numbers of atoms, especially laser spectroscopy, tests of atomic structure theory in very heavy alkali atoms, and studies relevant to fundamental symmetry measurements. ²²³Fr and other isotopes can be generated from nuclear decay or accelerator reactions, but their short half-lives restrict experiments to specialized laboratories and prevent storage or shipment as ordinary material.
Due to the small amounts produced and its short half-life, there are currently no uses for francium outside of basic scientific research.
Francium chemistry is difficult to study because only tracer quantities exist at any time. The stable oxidation state is Fr⁺, and no well-characterized bulk compounds are known. Experiments and periodic trends indicate close analogy with caesium salts, including expected ionic compounds such as francium chloride, FrCl, and francium hydroxide, FrOH. Complexation and adsorption studies show behavior consistent with a large, weakly hydrated alkali-metal cation, but many thermodynamic values remain estimated or derived from trace-scale measurements.
See more information at the Francium compound page.
Francium is hazardous primarily because all isotopes are radioactive and decay rapidly, emitting radiation through isotope-specific decay chains. The element is not encountered outside nuclear or radiochemical settings. Chemical toxicity is poorly characterized and is of little practical importance compared with radiological dose, contamination control, and the hazards associated with its radioactive daughters.
Natural francium is continually produced in minute amounts by decay within uranium- and thorium-bearing materials and then quickly decays, so it does not accumulate as a persistent environmental contaminant. Its environmental chemistry is inferred to follow alkali-metal ion behavior in water and minerals, but the number of atoms present in nature is so small that it has no known biological or geochemical cycling role.
Francium has no commodity market, no commercial supply chain, and no demand outside research. It cannot be mined in meaningful quantity because natural inventories are extraordinarily small and transient. Research samples are made as needed, commonly by separating ²²³Fr from actinium decay sources or by producing neutron-deficient isotopes in accelerator experiments. The limiting factors are specialized facilities, radiochemical handling, rapid decay, and the need to conduct measurements immediately after production.
Formed by decay of actinium. Chemical properties similar to cesium. Decays to radium or astatine.
Francium is not a significant cosmic element. Any primordial francium would have decayed long ago, and present atoms arise only from ongoing radioactive decay or nuclear reactions. In stars, supernova debris, and planetary materials it is expected to be transient and extremely rare, with no stable isotope allowing accumulation over geological or astronomical time.
- Francium was discovered through its decay signature rather than from an isolated visible sample.
- Only trace radiochemical amounts can exist before most atoms decay away.
- ²²³Fr belongs to the actinium decay series.
- Francium is less well characterized experimentally than many synthetic elements with longer-lived isotopes.
- Its first ionization energy is among the lowest expected for any known element.
प्रतिमा
गुणधर्म
भौतिक
- सहसंयुजी त्रिज्या
- 260 pm सर्व घटकांच्या सहसंयुजी त्रिज्या ची तुलना करा →
- व्हॅन डर वाल्स त्रिज्या
- 348 pm सर्व घटकांच्या व्हॅन डर वाल्स त्रिज्या ची तुलना करा →
- घनता
- 1870 kg/m³ सर्व घटकांच्या घनता ची तुलना करा →
- STP येथे अवस्था
- घन सर्व घटकांच्या STP येथे अवस्था ची तुलना करा →
- द्रवणांक
- 26.85 °C सर्व घटकांच्या द्रवणांक ची तुलना करा →
- स्फटिक संरचना
- पिंडकेंद्रित घनीय सर्व घटकांच्या स्फटिक संरचना ची तुलना करा →
रासायनिक
- विद्युतऋणता (पॉलिंग)
- 0.7 सर्व घटकांच्या विद्युतऋणता (पॉलिंग) ची तुलना करा →
- विद्युतऋणता (ॲलन)
- 0.67
- इलेक्ट्रॉन आसक्ती
- 0.491 eV
- आयनीकरण ऊर्जा (पहिली)
- 4.072741 eV सर्व घटकांच्या आयनीकरण ऊर्जा (पहिली) ची तुलना करा →
- आयनीकरण ऊर्जा (दुसरी)
- 22.400077 eV सर्व घटकांच्या आयनीकरण ऊर्जा (दुसरी) ची तुलना करा →
- आयनीकरण ऊर्जा (तिसरी)
- 33.500115 eV सर्व घटकांच्या आयनीकरण ऊर्जा (तिसरी) ची तुलना करा →
- आयनीकरण ऊर्जा (चौथी)
- 39.100135 eV सर्व घटकांच्या आयनीकरण ऊर्जा (चौथी) ची तुलना करा →
- आयनीकरण ऊर्जा (पाचवी)
- 50.000172 eV सर्व घटकांच्या आयनीकरण ऊर्जा (पाचवी) ची तुलना करा →
- ऑक्सिडीकरण अवस्था
- +1 सर्व घटकांच्या ऑक्सिडीकरण अवस्था ची तुलना करा →
- संयुजा इलेक्ट्रॉन
- 1 सर्व घटकांच्या संयुजा इलेक्ट्रॉन ची तुलना करा →
- इलेक्ट्रॉन संरूपण
- [Rn] 7s1
उष्मागतिक
- द्रवण उष्मा
- 0.02072861 eV सर्व घटकांच्या द्रवण उष्मा ची तुलना करा →
- बाष्पीभवन उष्मा
- 0.67367985 eV सर्व घटकांच्या बाष्पीभवन उष्मा ची तुलना करा →
- संप्लवन उष्मा
- 0.74622998 eV
- अणूकरण उष्मा
- 0.74622998 eV
केंद्रकीय
- प्रोटॉन
- 87 सर्व घटकांच्या प्रोटॉन ची तुलना करा →
- न्यूट्रॉन
- 136 सर्व घटकांच्या न्यूट्रॉन ची तुलना करा →
- ज्ञात समस्थानिके
- 37 सर्व घटकांच्या ज्ञात समस्थानिके ची तुलना करा →
- स्थिर समस्थानिके
- 0 सर्व घटकांच्या स्थिर समस्थानिके ची तुलना करा →
- वस्तुमानांक (सर्वाधिक स्थिर)
- 223
- सर्वाधिक स्थिर समस्थानिक
- Fr-223
- शोधाचे वर्ष
- 1939
विपुलता
उपलब्ध नाही
स्फटिक संरचना
उपलब्ध नाही
इलेक्ट्रॉन संरचना
- प्रत्येक कवचातील इलेक्ट्रॉन
- 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8, 1 सर्व घटकांच्या प्रत्येक कवचातील इलेक्ट्रॉन ची तुलना करा →
ओळखचिन्हे
- CAS क्रमांक
- 7440-73-5 सर्व घटकांच्या CAS क्रमांक ची तुलना करा →
- टर्म चिन्ह
- 2S1/2
- InChI
- InChI=1S/Fr
- InChI की
- KLMCZVJOEAUDNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
इलेक्ट्रॉन संरूपण मोजलेले
Fr: 7s¹[Rn] 7s¹1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p⁶ 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p⁶ 7s¹अणुप्रतिमान
समस्थानिकांमुळे न्यूट्रॉन संख्या, वस्तुमान आणि स्थैर्य बदलते — विद्युतदृष्ट्या उदासीन अणूचे इलेक्ट्रॉन संरूपण बदलत नाही.
योजनात्मक अणुप्रतिमान, प्रमाणानुसार नाही.
अणूची विशिष्ट ओळख
उत्सर्जन / शोषण वर्णपट
समस्थानिक वितरण
स्थिर समस्थानिके नाहीत.
| वस्तुमानांक | अणुवस्तुमान (u) | नैसर्गिक विपुलता | अर्धायुष्य |
|---|---|---|---|
| 233 किरणोत्सारी | २३३.०५२६४ ± ०.०००३२ | उपलब्ध नाही | 900 ms |
| 216 किरणोत्सारी | २१६.००३१८९९ ± ०.०००००४५ | उपलब्ध नाही | 700 ns |
| 203 किरणोत्सारी | २०३.०००९४०७ ± ०.०००००६७ | उपलब्ध नाही | 550 ms |
| 202 किरणोत्सारी | २०२.००३३२ ± ०.००००५५ | उपलब्ध नाही | 372 ms |
| 215 किरणोत्सारी | २१५.०००३४१८ ± ०.०००००७६ | उपलब्ध नाही | 90 ns |
अवस्था / स्थिती
कारण: द्रवणांकापेक्षा (26.85 °C) 1.9 °C कमी
योजनात्मक, प्रमाणानुसार नाही
अवस्थांतर बिंदू
अवस्थांतर ऊर्जा
द्रवणांकावर 1 mol वितळवण्यासाठी आवश्यक ऊर्जा
उत्कलनांकावर 1 mol चे बाष्पीभवन करण्यासाठी आवश्यक ऊर्जा
संप्लवनांकावर 1 mol चे संप्लवन करण्यासाठी आवश्यक ऊर्जा
घनता
प्रमाणित परिस्थितीत
प्रमाणित परिस्थितीत
अणुवर्णपट
87 पैकी 10 दाखवले आहेत. आयनाच्या विद्युतभारानुसार चढत्या क्रमाने मांडलेले.
वर्णरेषांचा संग्रह ?
| आयन | विद्युतभार | एकूण वर्णरेषा | संक्रमण संभाव्यता | पातळ्यांची नामांकने |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fr I | 0 | 149 | 149 | 149 |
ऊर्जा पातळ्यांचा संग्रह ?
| आयन | विद्युतभार | पातळ्या |
|---|---|---|
| Fr I | 0 | 123 |
| Fr II | +1 | 2 |
| Fr III | +2 | 2 |
| Fr IV | +3 | 2 |
| Fr V | +4 | 2 |
| Fr VI | +5 | 2 |
| Fr VII | +6 | 2 |
| Fr VIII | +7 | 2 |
| Fr IX | +8 | 2 |
| Fr X | +9 | 2 |
स्फटिक संरचनेची माहिती उपलब्ध नाही
स्फटिक संरचना: bcc
आयनिक त्रिज्या
| विद्युतभार | समन्वय | प्रचक्रण | त्रिज्या |
|---|---|---|---|
| +1 | 6 | उपलब्ध नाही | 180 pm |
संयुगे
समस्थानिके (5)
| वस्तुमानांक | अणुवस्तुमान (u) | नैसर्गिक विपुलता | अर्धायुष्य | क्षय प्रकार | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 233 किरणोत्सारी | २३३.०५२६४ ± ०.०००३२ | उपलब्ध नाही | 900 ms | β- =100%β-n ? | |
| 216 किरणोत्सारी | २१६.००३१८९९ ± ०.०००००४५ | उपलब्ध नाही | 700 ns | α =100%β+ ? | |
| 203 किरणोत्सारी | २०३.०००९४०७ ± ०.०००००६७ | उपलब्ध नाही | 550 ms | α ≈100%β+ ? | |
| 202 किरणोत्सारी | २०२.००३३२ ± ०.००००५५ | उपलब्ध नाही | 372 ms | α ≈100%β+ ? | |
| 215 किरणोत्सारी | २१५.०००३४१८ ± ०.०००००७६ | उपलब्ध नाही | 90 ns | α =100% |
वर्णरेषा
| तरंगलांबी (nm) | तीव्रता | आयनीकरण टप्पा | प्रकार | संक्रमण | अचूकता | स्रोत | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 422.56552 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 7s 2S → 8p 2P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 432.53607 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 7s 2S → 8p 2P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 494.61573 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 20d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 495.91444 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 19d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 496.90308 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 20s 2S | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 497.49878 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 18d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 498.7192 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 19s 2S | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 499.45999 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 17d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 500.99176 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 18s 2S | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 501.92929 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 16d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 503.88964 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 17s 2S | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 505.10105 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 15d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 507.66912 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 16s 2S | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 509.27532 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 14d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 512.73622 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 15s 2S | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 514.93307 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 13d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 519.7664 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 14s 2S | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 522.89168 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 12d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 529.95916 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 13s 2S | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 534.64166 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 11d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 539.61762 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 20d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 539.6469 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 20d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 541.15779 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 19d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 541.19321 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 19d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 542.37083 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 20s 2S | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 543.03716 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 18d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 543.08061 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 18d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 544.53524 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 19s 2S | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 545.36417 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 17d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 545.4185 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 17d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 545.63748 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 12s 2S | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 547.24565 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 18s 2S | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 548.29545 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 16d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 548.36447 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 16d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 550.70515 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 17s 2S | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 552.06365 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 15d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 552.15244 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 15d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 553.17161 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 10d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 555.22268 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 16s 2S | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 557.02549 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 14d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 557.14445 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 14d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 561.28917 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 15s 2S | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 563.7589 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 13d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 563.92284 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 13d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 569.72475 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 14s 2S | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 571.87464 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 11s 2S | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 573.24676 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 12d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 573.48185 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 12d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 585.3491 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 9d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 587.29 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 11d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 587.64619 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 11d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 600.95745 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 12s 2S | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 609.52762 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 10d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 610.10952 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 10d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 618.5596 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 20p 2P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 618.7831 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 20p 2P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 621.0658 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 19p 2P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 621.3414 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 19p 2P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 621.98126 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 10s 2S | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 624.178 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 18p 2P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 624.5235 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 18p 2P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 626.3009 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 20p 2P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 628.1118 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 17p 2P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 628.5529 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 17p 2P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 628.8704 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 19p 2P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 632.0616 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 18p 2P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 632.9403 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 11s 2S | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 633.1901 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 16p 2P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 633.7661 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 16p 2P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 636.0957 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 17p 2P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 639.9141 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 15p 2P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 640.6887 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 15p 2P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 641.3044 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 16p 2P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 648.2027 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 15p 2P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 648.421 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 9d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 649.103 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 14p 2P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 649.4876 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 9d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 650.1812 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 14p 2P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 650.7242 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 8d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 657.633 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 14p 2P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 662.174 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 13p 2P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 663.746 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 13p 2P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 671.054 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 13p 2P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 681.787 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 12p 2P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 684.222 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 12p 2P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 691.204 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 12p 2P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 694.8987 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 10s 2S | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 713.491 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 11p 2P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 717.615 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 11p 2P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 717.98664 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 7s 2S → 7p 2P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 723.811 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 11p 2P* | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 728.5892 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 8d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 730.9713 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 8d 2D | मोजलेले | NIST | |
| 744.1976 nm | उपलब्ध नाही | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 9s 2S | मोजलेले | NIST |
विस्तारित गुणधर्म
सहसंयुजी त्रिज्या (विस्तारित)
- सहसंयुजी त्रिज्या (प्युक्को)
- 223 pm
- सहसंयुजी त्रिज्या (प्युक्को, दुहेरी बंध)
- 218 pm
व्हॅन डर वाल्स त्रिज्या
- Truhlar
- 348 pm
- UFF
- 490 pm
- MM3
- 364 pm
अणुत्रिज्या आणि धात्विक त्रिज्या
- अणुत्रिज्या (राह्म)
- 258 pm
क्रमांकन मापनपट्ट्या
- Mendeleev
- 6
- Pettifor
- 7
- Glawe
- 7
विद्युतऋणता मापनपट्ट्या
- Ghosh
- 0
ध्रुवणक्षमता आणि अपस्करण
- द्विध्रुव ध्रुवणक्षमता
- 317.8 a.u.
- द्विध्रुव ध्रुवणक्षमता (अनिश्चितता)
- 2.4 a.u.
अवस्थांतरे आणि अपरूपे
| द्रवणांक | 294.15 K |
ऑक्सिडीकरण अवस्थांचे वर्ग
प्रगत संदर्भ माहिती
स्फटिक त्रिज्यांचा तपशील (1)
| विद्युतभार | CN | प्रचक्रण | rcrystal (pm) | उत्पत्ती |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | VI | 194 | Ahrens (1952) ionic radius, |
समस्थानिक क्षय प्रकार (60)
| समस्थानिक | मोड | तीव्रता |
|---|---|---|
| 197 | A | 100% |
| 198 | A | 100% |
| 199 | A | 100% |
| 199 | B+ | — |
| 200 | A | 100% |
| 200 | B+ | — |
| 200 | B+SF | — |
| 201 | A | 100% |
| 201 | B+ | — |
| 202 | A | 100% |
क्ष-किरण प्रकीर्णन गुणक (516)
| ऊर्जा (eV) | f₁ | f₂ |
|---|---|---|
| 10 | — | 0.05044 |
| 10.1617 | — | 0.06059 |
| 10.3261 | — | 0.07277 |
| 10.4931 | — | 0.08938 |
| 10.6628 | — | 0.11712 |
| 10.8353 | — | 0.15347 |
| 11.0106 | — | 0.20109 |
| 11.1886 | — | 0.26349 |
| 11.3696 | — | 0.40321 |
| 11.5535 | — | 0.63759 |
अतिरिक्त माहिती
Estimated Crustal Abundance
The estimated element abundance in the earth's crust.
Not Applicable
संदर्भ (1)
- [5] Francium https://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele087.html
Estimated Oceanic Abundance
The estimated element abundance in the earth's oceans.
Not Applicable
संदर्भ (1)
- [5] Francium https://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele087.html
संदर्भ
(9)
Data deposited in or computed by PubChem
The half-life and atomic mass data was provided by the Atomic Mass Data Center at the International Atomic Energy Agency.
Element data are cited from the Atomic weights of the elements (an IUPAC Technical Report). The IUPAC periodic table of elements can be found at https://iupac.org/what-we-do/periodic-table-of-elements/. Additional information can be found within IUPAC publication doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0703 Copyright © 2020 International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.
The information are cited from Pure Appl. Chem. 2018; 90(12): 1833-2092, https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2015-0703.
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jefferson Lab) is one of 17 national laboratories funded by the U.S. Department of Energy. The lab's primary mission is to conduct basic research of the atom's nucleus using the lab's unique particle accelerator, known as the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF). For more information visit https://www.jlab.org/
The periodic table at the LANL (Los Alamos National Laboratory) contains basic element information together with the history, source, properties, use, handling and more. The provenance data may be found from the link under the source name.
The periodic table contains NIST's critically-evaluated data on atomic properties of the elements. The provenance data that include data for atomic spectroscopy, X-ray and gamma ray, radiation dosimetry, nuclear physics, and condensed matter physics may be found from the link under the source name. Ref: https://www.nist.gov/pml/atomic-spectra-database
This section provides all form of data related to element Francium.
The element property data was retrieved from publications.