Francium (Fr)
alkali-metalSolid
표준 원자량
[223]전자 배치
[Rn] 7s1녹는점
26.85 °C끓는점
해당 없음밀도
1870 kg/m³산화 상태
+1전기 음성도(Pauling)
0.7제1 이온화 에너지
4.072741 eV발견 연도
1939원자 반지름
해당 없음상세 정보
Francium is the heaviest known alkali metal and a member of group 1. All of its isotopes are radioactive, and the element occurs naturally only as fleeting decay products in uranium and thorium series minerals. Its chemistry is expected and partly observed to resemble an extremely electropositive form of caesium, dominated by the +1 oxidation state. Because the longest-lived isotope, ²²³Fr, has a half-life of only about 22 minutes, francium has no bulk technological role.
Francium was discovered in 1939 by Marguerite Perey, a physicist at the Curie Institute in Paris, France (Fig. IUPAC.87.1). 223Fr (with a half-life of 22 min) occurs naturally in uranium minerals as a result of actinium decay. However, it is estimated that no more than approximately 30 g of francium is present in the Earth’s crust at any time. Francium can be produced artificially for research by bombarding thorium with protons. Francium was named in honor of Perey’s home country, France [575], [576], [577]. Francium has no known isotopic applications outside of scientific research.
Francium was discovered by Marguerite Catherine Perey, a French chemist, in 1939 while analyzing actinium's decay sequence. Although considered a natural element, scientists estimate that there is no more than one ounce of francium in the earth's crust at one time. Since there is so little naturally occurring francium on earth, scientists must produce francium in order to study it. Francium can be produced by bombarding thorium with protons or by bombarding radium with neutrons. Francium's most stable isotope, francium-223, has a half-life of about 22 minutes. It decays into radium-223 through beta decay or into astatine-219 through alpha decay.
Discovered in 1939 by Mlle. Marguerite Perey of the Curie Institute, Paris. Francium, the heaviest known member of the alkali metals series, occurs as a result of an alpha disintegration of actinium. It can also be made artificially by bombarding thorium with protons. While it occurs naturally in uranium minerals, there is probably less than an ounce of francium at any time in the total crust of the earth. It has the highest equivalent weight of any element, and is the most unstable of the first 101 elements of the periodic system. Thirty-three isotopes of francium are recognized. The longest lived 223Fr (Ac, K), a daughter of 227Ac, has a half-life of 22 min. This is the only isotope of francium occurring in nature. Because all known isotopes of francium are highly unstable, knowledge of the chemical properties of this element comes from radiochemical techniques. No weighable quantity of the element has been prepared or isolated. The chemical properties of francium most resemble cesium.
No macroscopic sample of pure francium has been prepared, so its actual bulk appearance is unknown. By periodic trend it is predicted to be a very soft, silvery metallic solid, but this has not been directly observed.
Francium has no commercial or industrial use. Its practical use is confined to research with very small numbers of atoms, especially laser spectroscopy, tests of atomic structure theory in very heavy alkali atoms, and studies relevant to fundamental symmetry measurements. ²²³Fr and other isotopes can be generated from nuclear decay or accelerator reactions, but their short half-lives restrict experiments to specialized laboratories and prevent storage or shipment as ordinary material.
Due to the small amounts produced and its short half-life, there are currently no uses for francium outside of basic scientific research.
Francium chemistry is difficult to study because only tracer quantities exist at any time. The stable oxidation state is Fr⁺, and no well-characterized bulk compounds are known. Experiments and periodic trends indicate close analogy with caesium salts, including expected ionic compounds such as francium chloride, FrCl, and francium hydroxide, FrOH. Complexation and adsorption studies show behavior consistent with a large, weakly hydrated alkali-metal cation, but many thermodynamic values remain estimated or derived from trace-scale measurements.
See more information at the Francium compound page.
Francium is hazardous primarily because all isotopes are radioactive and decay rapidly, emitting radiation through isotope-specific decay chains. The element is not encountered outside nuclear or radiochemical settings. Chemical toxicity is poorly characterized and is of little practical importance compared with radiological dose, contamination control, and the hazards associated with its radioactive daughters.
Natural francium is continually produced in minute amounts by decay within uranium- and thorium-bearing materials and then quickly decays, so it does not accumulate as a persistent environmental contaminant. Its environmental chemistry is inferred to follow alkali-metal ion behavior in water and minerals, but the number of atoms present in nature is so small that it has no known biological or geochemical cycling role.
Francium has no commodity market, no commercial supply chain, and no demand outside research. It cannot be mined in meaningful quantity because natural inventories are extraordinarily small and transient. Research samples are made as needed, commonly by separating ²²³Fr from actinium decay sources or by producing neutron-deficient isotopes in accelerator experiments. The limiting factors are specialized facilities, radiochemical handling, rapid decay, and the need to conduct measurements immediately after production.
Formed by decay of actinium. Chemical properties similar to cesium. Decays to radium or astatine.
Francium is not a significant cosmic element. Any primordial francium would have decayed long ago, and present atoms arise only from ongoing radioactive decay or nuclear reactions. In stars, supernova debris, and planetary materials it is expected to be transient and extremely rare, with no stable isotope allowing accumulation over geological or astronomical time.
- Francium was discovered through its decay signature rather than from an isolated visible sample.
- Only trace radiochemical amounts can exist before most atoms decay away.
- ²²³Fr belongs to the actinium decay series.
- Francium is less well characterized experimentally than many synthetic elements with longer-lived isotopes.
- Its first ionization energy is among the lowest expected for any known element.
이미지
특성
물리적 특성
- 공유 결합 반지름
- 260 pm 모든 원소의 공유 결합 반지름 비교 →
- 반데르발스 반지름
- 348 pm 모든 원소의 반데르발스 반지름 비교 →
- 밀도
- 1870 kg/m³ 모든 원소의 밀도 비교 →
- STP에서의 상
- 고체 모든 원소의 STP에서의 상 비교 →
- 녹는점
- 26.85 °C 모든 원소의 녹는점 비교 →
- 결정 구조
- 체심 입방 모든 원소의 결정 구조 비교 →
화학적 특성
- 전기 음성도(Pauling)
- 0.7 모든 원소의 전기 음성도(Pauling) 비교 →
- 전기 음성도(Allen)
- 0.67
- 전자 친화도
- 0.491 eV
- 제1 이온화 에너지
- 4.072741 eV 모든 원소의 제1 이온화 에너지 비교 →
- 제2 이온화 에너지
- 22.400077 eV 모든 원소의 제2 이온화 에너지 비교 →
- 제3 이온화 에너지
- 33.500115 eV 모든 원소의 제3 이온화 에너지 비교 →
- 제4 이온화 에너지
- 39.100135 eV 모든 원소의 제4 이온화 에너지 비교 →
- 제5 이온화 에너지
- 50.000172 eV 모든 원소의 제5 이온화 에너지 비교 →
- 산화 상태
- +1 모든 원소의 산화 상태 비교 →
- 원자가 전자
- 1 모든 원소의 원자가 전자 비교 →
- 전자 배치
- [Rn] 7s1
열역학적 특성
- 융해열
- 0.02072861 eV 모든 원소의 융해열 비교 →
- 기화열
- 0.67367985 eV 모든 원소의 기화열 비교 →
- 승화열
- 0.74622998 eV
- 원자화열
- 0.74622998 eV
핵 특성
- 양성자 수
- 87 모든 원소의 양성자 수 비교 →
- 중성자 수
- 136 모든 원소의 중성자 수 비교 →
- 알려진 동위원소 수
- 37 모든 원소의 알려진 동위원소 수 비교 →
- 안정 동위원소 수
- 0 모든 원소의 안정 동위원소 수 비교 →
- 질량수(가장 안정한 동위원소)
- 223
- 가장 안정한 동위원소
- Fr-223
- 발견 연도
- 1939
존재비
해당 없음
결정 구조
해당 없음
전자 구조
- 전자껍질별 전자 수
- 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8, 1 모든 원소의 전자껍질별 전자 수 비교 →
식별자
- CAS 등록 번호
- 7440-73-5 모든 원소의 CAS 등록 번호 비교 →
- 항 기호
- 2S1/2
- InChI
- InChI=1S/Fr
- InChI 키
- KLMCZVJOEAUDNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
전자 배치 측정값
Fr: 7s¹[Rn] 7s¹1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p⁶ 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p⁶ 7s¹원자 모형
동위원소에 따라 중성자 수, 질량, 안정성은 달라지지만, 중성 원자의 전자 배치는 달라지지 않습니다.
개략적인 원자 모형이며 실제 비율과 다릅니다.
원자 지문
방출 / 흡수 스펙트럼
동위원소 분포
안정 동위원소가 없습니다.
| 질량수 | 원자 질량(u) | 천연 존재비 | 반감기 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 233 방사성 | 233.05264 ± 0.00032 | 해당 없음 | 900 ms |
| 216 방사성 | 216.0031899 ± 0.0000045 | 해당 없음 | 700 ns |
| 203 방사성 | 203.0009407 ± 0.0000067 | 해당 없음 | 550 ms |
| 202 방사성 | 202.00332 ± 0.000055 | 해당 없음 | 372 ms |
| 215 방사성 | 215.0003418 ± 0.0000076 | 해당 없음 | 90 ns |
상 / 상태
이유: 녹는점(26.85 °C)보다 1.9 °C 낮음
개략도이며 실제 비율과 다름
상전이점
전이 에너지
녹는점에서 1 mol을 녹이는 데 필요한 에너지
끓는점에서 1 mol을 기화시키는 데 필요한 에너지
승화점에서 1 mol을 승화시키는 데 필요한 에너지
밀도
표준 조건에서
표준 조건에서
원자 스펙트럼
전체 87개 중 10개를 표시합니다. 이온 전하순으로 정렬되었습니다(오름차순).
보유 에너지 준위 데이터 ?
| 이온 | 전하 | 준위 |
|---|---|---|
| Fr I | 0 | 123 |
| Fr II | +1 | 2 |
| Fr III | +2 | 2 |
| Fr IV | +3 | 2 |
| Fr V | +4 | 2 |
| Fr VI | +5 | 2 |
| Fr VII | +6 | 2 |
| Fr VIII | +7 | 2 |
| Fr IX | +8 | 2 |
| Fr X | +9 | 2 |
결정 구조 데이터 없음
결정 구조: bcc
이온 반지름
| 전하 | 배위 | 스핀 | 반지름 |
|---|---|---|---|
| +1 | 6 | 해당 없음 | 180 pm |
화합물
동위원소 (5)
| 질량수 | 원자 질량(u) | 천연 존재비 | 반감기 | 붕괴 방식 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 233 방사성 | 233.05264 ± 0.00032 | 해당 없음 | 900 ms | β- =100%β-n ? | |
| 216 방사성 | 216.0031899 ± 0.0000045 | 해당 없음 | 700 ns | α =100%β+ ? | |
| 203 방사성 | 203.0009407 ± 0.0000067 | 해당 없음 | 550 ms | α ≈100%β+ ? | |
| 202 방사성 | 202.00332 ± 0.000055 | 해당 없음 | 372 ms | α ≈100%β+ ? | |
| 215 방사성 | 215.0003418 ± 0.0000076 | 해당 없음 | 90 ns | α =100% |
스펙트럼선
| 파장(nm) | 세기 | 이온화 단계 | 유형 | 전이 | 정확도 | 출처 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 422.56552 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 7s 2S → 8p 2P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 432.53607 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 7s 2S → 8p 2P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 494.61573 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 20d 2D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 495.91444 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 19d 2D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 496.90308 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 20s 2S | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 497.49878 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 18d 2D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 498.7192 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 19s 2S | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 499.45999 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 17d 2D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 500.99176 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 18s 2S | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 501.92929 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 16d 2D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 503.88964 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 17s 2S | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 505.10105 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 15d 2D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 507.66912 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 16s 2S | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 509.27532 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 14d 2D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 512.73622 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 15s 2S | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 514.93307 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 13d 2D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 519.7664 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 14s 2S | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 522.89168 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 12d 2D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 529.95916 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 13s 2S | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 534.64166 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 11d 2D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 539.61762 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 20d 2D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 539.6469 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 20d 2D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 541.15779 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 19d 2D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 541.19321 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 19d 2D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 542.37083 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 20s 2S | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 543.03716 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 18d 2D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 543.08061 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 18d 2D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 544.53524 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 19s 2S | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 545.36417 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 17d 2D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 545.4185 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 17d 2D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 545.63748 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 12s 2S | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 547.24565 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 18s 2S | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 548.29545 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 16d 2D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 548.36447 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 16d 2D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 550.70515 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 17s 2S | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 552.06365 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 15d 2D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 552.15244 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 15d 2D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 553.17161 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 10d 2D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 555.22268 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 16s 2S | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 557.02549 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 14d 2D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 557.14445 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 14d 2D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 561.28917 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 15s 2S | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 563.7589 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 13d 2D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 563.92284 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 13d 2D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 569.72475 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 14s 2S | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 571.87464 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 11s 2S | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 573.24676 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 12d 2D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 573.48185 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 12d 2D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 585.3491 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 9d 2D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 587.29 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 11d 2D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 587.64619 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 11d 2D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 600.95745 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 12s 2S | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 609.52762 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 10d 2D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 610.10952 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 10d 2D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 618.5596 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 20p 2P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 618.7831 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 20p 2P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 621.0658 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 19p 2P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 621.3414 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 19p 2P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 621.98126 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 10s 2S | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 624.178 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 18p 2P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 624.5235 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 18p 2P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 626.3009 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 20p 2P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 628.1118 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 17p 2P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 628.5529 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 17p 2P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 628.8704 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 19p 2P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 632.0616 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 18p 2P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 632.9403 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 11s 2S | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 633.1901 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 16p 2P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 633.7661 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 16p 2P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 636.0957 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 17p 2P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 639.9141 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 15p 2P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 640.6887 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 15p 2P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 641.3044 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 16p 2P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 648.2027 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 15p 2P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 648.421 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 9d 2D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 649.103 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 14p 2P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 649.4876 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 9d 2D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 650.1812 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 14p 2P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 650.7242 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 8d 2D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 657.633 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 14p 2P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 662.174 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 13p 2P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 663.746 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 13p 2P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 671.054 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 13p 2P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 681.787 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 12p 2P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 684.222 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 12p 2P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 691.204 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 12p 2P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 694.8987 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 10s 2S | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 713.491 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 11p 2P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 717.615 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 11p 2P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 717.98664 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 7s 2S → 7p 2P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 723.811 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 11p 2P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 728.5892 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 8d 2D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 730.9713 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 8d 2D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 744.1976 nm | 해당 없음 | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 9s 2S | 측정값 | NIST |
확장 특성
공유 결합 반지름(확장)
- 공유 결합 반지름(Pyykkö)
- 223 pm
- 공유 결합 반지름(Pyykkö, 이중 결합)
- 218 pm
반데르발스 반지름
- Truhlar
- 348 pm
- UFF
- 490 pm
- MM3
- 364 pm
원자 및 금속 반지름
- 원자 반지름(Rahm)
- 258 pm
번호 척도
- Mendeleev
- 6
- Pettifor
- 7
- Glawe
- 7
전기 음성도 척도
- Ghosh
- 0
분극률 및 분산
- 쌍극자 분극률
- 317.8 a.u.
- 쌍극자 분극률(불확도)
- 2.4 a.u.
상전이 및 동소체
| 녹는점 | 294.15 K |
산화 상태 분류
심화 참고 데이터
결정 반지름 상세 정보 (1)
| 전하 | CN | 스핀 | rcrystal (pm) | 기원 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | VI | 194 | Ahrens (1952) ionic radius, |
동위원소 붕괴 방식 (60)
| 동위원소 | 모드 | 세기 |
|---|---|---|
| 197 | A | 100% |
| 198 | A | 100% |
| 199 | A | 100% |
| 199 | B+ | — |
| 200 | A | 100% |
| 200 | B+ | — |
| 200 | B+SF | — |
| 201 | A | 100% |
| 201 | B+ | — |
| 202 | A | 100% |
X선 산란 인자 (516)
| 에너지 (eV) | f₁ | f₂ |
|---|---|---|
| 10 | — | 0.05044 |
| 10.1617 | — | 0.06059 |
| 10.3261 | — | 0.07277 |
| 10.4931 | — | 0.08938 |
| 10.6628 | — | 0.11712 |
| 10.8353 | — | 0.15347 |
| 11.0106 | — | 0.20109 |
| 11.1886 | — | 0.26349 |
| 11.3696 | — | 0.40321 |
| 11.5535 | — | 0.63759 |
추가 데이터
Estimated Crustal Abundance
The estimated element abundance in the earth's crust.
Not Applicable
참고 문헌 (1)
- [5] Francium https://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele087.html
Estimated Oceanic Abundance
The estimated element abundance in the earth's oceans.
Not Applicable
참고 문헌 (1)
- [5] Francium https://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele087.html
참고 문헌
(9)
Data deposited in or computed by PubChem
The half-life and atomic mass data was provided by the Atomic Mass Data Center at the International Atomic Energy Agency.
Element data are cited from the Atomic weights of the elements (an IUPAC Technical Report). The IUPAC periodic table of elements can be found at https://iupac.org/what-we-do/periodic-table-of-elements/. Additional information can be found within IUPAC publication doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0703 Copyright © 2020 International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.
The information are cited from Pure Appl. Chem. 2018; 90(12): 1833-2092, https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2015-0703.
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jefferson Lab) is one of 17 national laboratories funded by the U.S. Department of Energy. The lab's primary mission is to conduct basic research of the atom's nucleus using the lab's unique particle accelerator, known as the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF). For more information visit https://www.jlab.org/
The periodic table at the LANL (Los Alamos National Laboratory) contains basic element information together with the history, source, properties, use, handling and more. The provenance data may be found from the link under the source name.
The periodic table contains NIST's critically-evaluated data on atomic properties of the elements. The provenance data that include data for atomic spectroscopy, X-ray and gamma ray, radiation dosimetry, nuclear physics, and condensed matter physics may be found from the link under the source name. Ref: https://www.nist.gov/pml/atomic-spectra-database
This section provides all form of data related to element Francium.
The element property data was retrieved from publications.