Mercury (Hg)
transition-metalLiquid
표준 원자량
200.592 u전자 배치
[Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d10녹는점
-38.83 °C끓는점
356.73 °C밀도
1.35336e+4 kg/m³산화 상태
−2, +1, +2전기 음성도(Pauling)
2제1 이온화 에너지
10.437504 eV발견 연도
해당 없음원자 반지름
150 pm상세 정보
Mercury is a heavy, silvery transition metal with the distinctive feature of being liquid near ordinary room temperature. It has a filled 5d shell and commonly forms +1 and +2 compounds, with covalent character more prominent than in many lighter metals. Mercury has been used in instruments, electrical devices, and gold extraction, but many uses have declined because its vapor and several compounds are highly toxic.
It is a heavy, silvery-white metal; a rather poor conductor of heat, as compared with other metals, and a fair conductor of electricity. It easily forms alloys with many metals, such as gold, silver, and tin, which are called amalgams. Its ease in amalgamating with gold is made use of in the recovery of gold from its ores. The most important salts are mercury chloride (corrosive sublimate - a violent poison), mercurous chloride (calomel, occasionally still used in medicine), mercury fulminate, a detonator widely used in explosives, and mercuric sulfide (vermilion, a high-grade paint pigment). Organic mercury compounds are important. It has been found that an electrical discharge causes mercury vapor to combine with neon, argon, krypton, and xenon. These products, held together with van der Waals' forces, correspond to HgNe, HgAr, HgKr, and HgXe. Mercury is a virulent poison and is readily absorbed through the respiratory tract, the gastrointestinal tract, or through unbroken skin. It acts as a cumulative poison and dangerous levels are readily attained in air. Air saturated with mercury vapor at 20°C contains a concentration that exceeds the toxicity limits. The danger increases at higher temperatures. It is important therefore that mercury be handled with care. Containers of mercury should be securely covered and spillage should be avoided. If it is necessary to heat mercury or mercury compounds, it should be done in a well-ventilated hood. Methyl mercury is a dangerous pollutant and is now widely found in water and streams. The triple point of mercury, -38.8344C, is a fixed point on the International Temperature Scale (ITS-90).
The name derives from the Roman god Mercury, the nimble messenger of the gods, because the ancients used that name for the element known from prehistoric times. The symbol Hg derives from the Greek hydrargyrum for "liquid silver" or "quick silver".
Mercury was known to the ancient Chinese and Hindus and has been found in 3500 year old Egyptian tombs. Mercury is not usually found free in nature and is primarily obtained from the mineral cinnabar (HgS). Spain and Italy produce about half of the world's supply of Mercury.
From Greek hydoor. Known to ancient Chinese and Hindus; found in Egyptian tombs of 1500 B.C. Mercury is the only common metal liquid at ordinary temperatures. It only rarely occurs free in nature. The chief ore is cinnabar; Spain and Italy produce about 50% of the world's supply of the metal. The commercial unit for handling mercury is the "flask," which weighs 76 lb. The metal is obtained by heating cinnabar in a current of air and by condensing the vapor.
Pure mercury is a dense, mirror-bright liquid at room temperature, forming rounded droplets with high surface tension. It freezes to a soft, silvery solid below −38.83 °C and boils at 356.73 °C. Clean mercury wets few common surfaces but readily forms amalgams with many metals.
Mercury was historically important in thermometers, barometers, manometers, tilt switches, fluorescent lamps, dental amalgam, and laboratory electrodes. Some of these uses persist under restrictions or in specialized settings. Mercury vapor remains useful in certain discharge lamps, and mercury compounds have had roles as catalysts, reagents, and preservatives, though many have been replaced. Elemental mercury is still used in some artisanal and small-scale gold mining, a practice associated with substantial emissions.
Mercury can be used to make thermometers, barometers and other scientific instruments. Mercury conducts electricity and is used to make silent, position dependent switches. Mercury vapor is used in streetlights, fluorescent lamps and advertising signs.
Mercury easily forms alloys with other metals, such as gold, silver, zinc and cadmium. These alloys are called amalgams. Amalgams are used to help extract gold from its ores, create dental fillings (in the case of silver) and help extend the life of dry cell batteries (in the case of zinc and cadmium).
Mercury forms useful compounds with other elements. Mercuric chloride (HgCl2) is a very poisonous salt and was once used to disinfect wounds. Mercurous chloride (Hg2Cl2), also called calomel, is an antiseptic used to kill bacteria. Mercuric sulfide (HgS) is used to make a red paint pigment called vermilion. Mercuric oxide (HgO) is used to make mercury batteries.
Mercury is poisonous and can enter the body through the respiratory tract, the digestive tract or directly through the skin. It accumulates in the body, eventually causing severe illness or death.
The metal is widely used in laboratory work for making thermometers, barometers, diffusion pumps, and many other instruments. It is used in making mercury-vapor lamps and advertising signs, etc. and is used in mercury switches and other electronic apparatus. Other uses are in making pesticides, Mercury cells for caustic soda and chlorine production, dental preparations, anti-fouling paint, batteries, and catalysts.
Isotopes in Earth/Planetary Science
198Hg, 200Hg, and 202Hg are stable isotopes of mercury that can be used to study environmental sources and environmental sinks of this element in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. For example, in an ecosystem, different stable isotopes of mercury can be added to an upland region for run-off evaluation, to a lake for direct deposition analysis, and to a wetland region for outflow contribution analysis (Fig. IUPAC.80.1). As a result, it is possible to determine the entry points of mercury into an ecosystem and determine how the inputs of mercury affect the accumulation of this element in local fish populations. An international consortium of scientists is conducting an experiment called METAALICUS (Mercury Experiment To Assess Atmospheric Loading In Canada and the U.S.). This experiment includes determination of whether mercury contamination in fish is old or new mercury. Tracer studies were performed in northwestern Ontario at the Experimental Lakes Area of the Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada [537] Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. Mercury-Contaminated Fish-Is it Old or New Mercury? U.S. Geological Survey (2014), Feb. 26; http://toxics.usgs.gov/highlights/mercury_contaminated_fish.html..
Isotopes Used as a Source of Radioactive Isotope(s)
202Hg is used to produce radioactive 203Hg (with a half-life of 46.6 days) via the 202Hg (n, γ) 203Hg reaction, which is used in gamma radiation calibration and medical tests.
Mercury chemistry is dominated by mercury(I) and mercury(II). Mercury(I) usually exists as the dimeric cation Hg₂²⁺, represented in mercury(I) chloride, Hg₂Cl₂. Mercury(II) chloride, HgCl₂, is more soluble and highly toxic. Mercury(II) sulfide, HgS, occurs as cinnabar and is very insoluble. Organomercury compounds such as methylmercury, CH₃Hg⁺, are environmentally important because they are readily bioaccumulated. Mercury forms amalgams with metals such as silver, gold, and tin.
See more information at the Mercury compound page.
Elemental mercury is hazardous mainly through inhalation of vapor, which is produced even at room temperature and can accumulate in poorly ventilated spaces. Soluble mercury(II) salts are corrosive and systemically toxic, while methylmercury, CH₃Hg⁺, is a potent neurotoxin that concentrates in food webs. Spills are treated as chemical contamination because droplets are persistent and difficult to remove. Heating mercury greatly increases vapor exposure.
Mercury is naturally released by volcanic activity, weathering, geothermal emissions, and ocean-atmosphere exchange, but human activities have greatly redistributed it. Coal combustion, metal smelting, waste burning, and gold mining are major anthropogenic sources. In aquatic sediments, microbes can convert inorganic mercury to methylmercury, CH₃Hg⁺, which biomagnifies in predatory fish and wildlife. Mercury can travel long distances in the atmosphere before deposition.
Mercury is produced mainly from cinnabar ore, HgS, and in some regions as a by-product of nonferrous metal processing or from recycling. Demand has fallen in many industrialized markets because of regulation and substitution in instruments, batteries, switches, and chlor-alkali technology. Supply is affected by restrictions on trade and storage as well as recovery from obsolete equipment. Significant consumption persists where alternatives are costly or poorly enforced, especially in small-scale gold extraction.
Virtually all mercury comes from cinnabar or mercury sulfide (HgS). Some sources of red cinnabar are so rich in mercury that droplets of elemental mercury can be found in random samples.
Mercury is a rare heavy element in cosmic terms. Its stable isotopes were formed chiefly by neutron-capture processes in earlier generations of stars, with later redistribution into the solar nebula. In the Solar System it is present in trace amounts in rocky bodies and meteorites, but it is volatile enough that planetary abundance depends strongly on condensation, heating, and loss processes.
- The chemical symbol Hg comes from hydrargyrum, meaning liquid silver.
- Mercury expands fairly uniformly with temperature, which made it valuable in older thermometers.
- Cinnabar, HgS, was used historically as the red pigment vermilion.
- Mercury droplets can divide into many beads, increasing surface area and vapor release.
- Aluminum structures can be damaged by mercury because amalgamation disrupts protective oxide behavior.
- Most dental amalgam is an alloy phase mixture rather than pure mercury.
이미지
특성
물리적 특성
- 원자 반지름(경험값)
- 150 pm 모든 원소의 원자 반지름(경험값) 비교 →
- 공유 결합 반지름
- 132 pm 모든 원소의 공유 결합 반지름 비교 →
- 반데르발스 반지름
- 209 pm 모든 원소의 반데르발스 반지름 비교 →
- 금속 반지름
- 139 pm 모든 원소의 금속 반지름 비교 →
- 밀도
- 1.35336 × 104 kg/m³ 모든 원소의 밀도 비교 →
- 몰 부피
- 0.0148 L/mol
- STP에서의 상
- 액체 모든 원소의 STP에서의 상 비교 →
- 녹는점
- -38.83 °C 모든 원소의 녹는점 비교 →
- 끓는점
- 356.73 °C 모든 원소의 끓는점 비교 →
- 열전도율
- 8.3 W/(m·K) 모든 원소의 열전도율 비교 →
- 비열
- 0.14 J/(g·K) 모든 원소의 비열 비교 →
- 몰 열용량
- 27.983 J/(mol·K) 모든 원소의 몰 열용량 비교 →
- 결정 구조
- 능면체 모든 원소의 결정 구조 비교 →
화학적 특성
- 전기 음성도(Pauling)
- 2 모든 원소의 전기 음성도(Pauling) 비교 →
- 전기 음성도(Allen)
- 1.76
- 전자 친화도
- -0.5 eV (음수 값 — 추가 전자를 결합하지 않을 것으로 예측됨)
- 제1 이온화 에너지
- 10.437504 eV 모든 원소의 제1 이온화 에너지 비교 →
- 제2 이온화 에너지
- 18.756945 eV 모든 원소의 제2 이온화 에너지 비교 →
- 제3 이온화 에너지
- 34.490119 eV 모든 원소의 제3 이온화 에너지 비교 →
- 제4 이온화 에너지
- 48.550167 eV 모든 원소의 제4 이온화 에너지 비교 →
- 제5 이온화 에너지
- 61.200211 eV 모든 원소의 제5 이온화 에너지 비교 →
- 산화 상태
- −2, +1, +2 모든 원소의 산화 상태 비교 →
- 원자가 전자
- 12 모든 원소의 원자가 전자 비교 →
- 전자 배치
- [Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d10
열역학적 특성
- 삼중점(온도)
- -38.8344 °C
- 임계점(온도)
- 1491 °C
- 임계점(압력)
- 1.67e+8 Pa
- 융해열
- 0.02373426 eV 모든 원소의 융해열 비교 →
- 기화열
- 0.61263409 eV 모든 원소의 기화열 비교 →
- 승화열
- 0.63636835 eV
- 원자화열
- 0.63636835 eV
- 원자화 엔탈피
- 0.63616106 eV
핵 특성
- 양성자 수
- 80 모든 원소의 양성자 수 비교 →
- 중성자 수
- 122 모든 원소의 중성자 수 비교 →
- 알려진 동위원소 수
- 47 모든 원소의 알려진 동위원소 수 비교 →
- 안정 동위원소 수
- 6 모든 원소의 안정 동위원소 수 비교 →
- 가장 안정한 동위원소
- Hg-202
존재비
- 존재비(지각)
- 0.085 mg/kg 모든 원소의 존재비(지각) 비교 →
- 존재비(해양)
- 3 × 10−5 mg/L 모든 원소의 존재비(해양) 비교 →
결정 구조
- 격자 상수 a
- 299 pm
전자 구조
- 전자껍질별 전자 수
- 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 2 모든 원소의 전자껍질별 전자 수 비교 →
식별자
- CAS 등록 번호
- 7439-97-6 모든 원소의 CAS 등록 번호 비교 →
- 항 기호
- 1S0
- InChI
- InChI=1S/Hg
- InChI 키
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
전자 배치 측정값
Hg: 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s²[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s²1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p⁶ 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s²원자 모형
동위원소에 따라 중성자 수, 질량, 안정성은 달라지지만, 중성 원자의 전자 배치는 달라지지 않습니다.
개략적인 원자 모형이며 실제 비율과 다릅니다.
원자 지문
방출 / 흡수 스펙트럼
동위원소 분포
| 질량수 | 원자 질량(u) | 천연 존재비 | 반감기 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 198 안정 | 197.9667686 ± 0.00000052 | 9.9700% | 안정 |
| 199 안정 | 198.96828064 ± 0.00000046 | 16.8700% | 안정 |
| 200 안정 | 199.96832659 ± 0.00000047 | 23.1000% | 안정 |
| 201 안정 | 200.97030284 ± 0.00000069 | 13.1800% | 안정 |
| 202 안정 | 201.9706434 ± 0.00000069 | 29.8600% | 안정 |
| 204 안정 | 203.97349398 ± 0.00000053 | 6.8700% | 안정 |
상 / 상태
이유: 녹는점(-38.83 °C)과 끓는점(356.73 °C) 사이
개략도이며 실제 비율과 다름
상전이점
전이 에너지
녹는점에서 1 mol을 녹이는 데 필요한 에너지
끓는점에서 1 mol을 기화시키는 데 필요한 에너지
승화점에서 1 mol을 승화시키는 데 필요한 에너지
밀도
표준 조건에서
액체상 데이터 없음
심화
원자 스펙트럼
전체 81개 중 10개를 표시합니다. 이온 전하순으로 정렬되었습니다(오름차순).
보유 스펙트럼선 데이터 ?
| 이온 | 전하 | 총 스펙트럼선 수 | 전이 확률 | 준위 표기 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hg I | 0 | 754 | 53 | 708 |
| 198Hg I 동위원소 | 0 | 210 | 0 | 210 |
| Hg II | +1 | 554 | 446 | 463 |
| Hg III | +2 | 52 | 0 | 0 |
보유 에너지 준위 데이터 ?
| 이온 | 전하 | 준위 |
|---|---|---|
| Hg I | 0 | 299 |
| 198Hg I 동위원소 | 0 | 61 |
| Hg II | +1 | 115 |
| Hg III | +2 | 94 |
| Hg IV | +3 | 61 |
| Hg V | +4 | 2 |
| Hg VI | +5 | 2 |
| Hg VII | +6 | 2 |
| Hg VIII | +7 | 2 |
| Hg IX | +8 | 2 |
고체상의 결정 구조 데이터 없음
결정 구조: rhombohedral
이온 반지름
| 전하 | 배위 | 스핀 | 반지름 |
|---|---|---|---|
| +1 | 3 | 해당 없음 | 97 pm |
| +1 | 6 | 해당 없음 | 119 pm |
| +2 | 2 | 해당 없음 | 69 pm |
| +2 | 4 | 해당 없음 | 96 pm |
| +2 | 6 | 해당 없음 | 102 pm |
| +2 | 8 | 해당 없음 | 113.99999999999999 pm |
화합물
동위원소 (6)
| 질량수 | 원자 질량(u) | 천연 존재비 | 반감기 | 붕괴 방식 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 198 안정 | 197.9667686 ± 0.00000052 | 9.9700% ± 0.2000% | 안정 | stable | |
| 199 안정 | 198.96828064 ± 0.00000046 | 16.8700% ± 0.2200% | 안정 | stable | |
| 200 안정 | 199.96832659 ± 0.00000047 | 23.1000% ± 0.1900% | 안정 | stable | |
| 201 안정 | 200.97030284 ± 0.00000069 | 13.1800% ± 0.0900% | 안정 | stable | |
| 202 안정 | 201.9706434 ± 0.00000069 | 29.8600% ± 0.2600% | 안정 | stable | |
| 204 안정 | 203.97349398 ± 0.00000053 | 6.8700% ± 0.1500% | 안정 | stable |
스펙트럼선
전체 218개 중 50개를 표시합니다. 기본적으로 세기가 측정된 스펙트럼선만 표시됩니다.
| 파장(nm) | 세기 | 이온화 단계 | 유형 | 전이 | 정확도 | 출처 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 542.5249 nm | 8000000 | Hg II | emission | 5d10.6d 2D → 5d10.5f 2F* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 587.12779 nm | 1200000 | Hg II | emission | 5d10.7p 2P* → 5d10.7d 2D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 559.526 nm | 200000 | Hg II | emission | 5d10.6d 2D → 5d10.5f 2F* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 520.4768 nm | 150000 | Hg II | emission | 5d9.6s.6d [(2D<5/2>,1/2)<3>,5/2] → 5d9.6s.5f [(2D<5/2>,1/2)<3>,7/2]* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 629.123 nm | 65000 | Hg II | emission | 5d10.5f 2F* → 5d10.6g 2G | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 639.4888 nm | 55000 | Hg II | emission | 5d10.5f 2F* → 5d10.6g 2G | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 380.63154 nm | 50000 | Hg II | emission | 5d10.7p 2P* → 5d10.8d 2D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 439.8623 nm | 40000 | Hg II | emission | 5d10.7p 2P* → 5d10.8d 2D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 521.6379 nm | 40000 | Hg II | emission | 5d9.6s.6d [(2D<5/2>,1/2)<3>,5/2] → 5d9.6s.5f [(2D<5/2>,1/2)<3>,5/2]* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 466.0216 nm | 30000 | Hg II | emission | 5d9.6s.6p (2D<3/2>,3P<1>)* → 5d10.7d 2D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 527.7593 nm | 18000 | Hg II | emission | 5d9.6s.6d [(2D<5/2>,1/2)<3>,5/2] → 5d9.6s.5f [(2D<5/2>,1/2)<3>,5/2]* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 482.5564 nm | 17000 | Hg II | emission | 5d9.6s.6d [(2D<5/2>,1/2)<3>,3/2] → 5d9.6s.5f [(2D<5/2>,1/2)<3>,5/2]* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 514.6293 nm | 15000 | Hg II | emission | 5d9.6s.6d [(2D<5/2>,1/2)<3>,5/2] → 5d9.6s.5f [(2D<5/2>,1/2)<3>,5/2]* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 404.65643 nm | 12000 | Hg I | emission | 5d10.6s.6p 3P* → 5d10.6s.7s 3S | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 435.83363 nm | 12000 | Hg I | emission | 5d10.6s.6p 3P* → 5d10.6s.7s 3S | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 383.9255 nm | 10000 | Hg II | emission | 5d10.7s 2S → 5d9.6s.6p (2D<3/2>,1P<1>)* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 546.07498 nm | 6000 | Hg I | emission | 5d10.6s.6p 3P* → 5d10.6s.7s 3S | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 391.43142 nm | 5000 | Hg II | emission | 5d9.6s.6p (2D<3/2>,3P<2>)* → 5d9.6s.7s [(2D<5/2>,1/2)<3>,1/2] | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 412.0447 nm | 4000 | Hg II | emission | 5d10.7p 2P* → 5d10.9s 2S | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 449.28309 nm | 2800 | Hg II | emission | 5d10.6d 2D → 5d10.8p 2P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 664.66839 nm | 1300 | Hg II | emission | 5d9.6s2 2D → 5d9.6s2 2D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 506.6497 nm | 1200 | Hg II | emission | 5d9.6s.6d [(2D<5/2>,1/2)<3>,3/2] → 5d9.6s.5f [(2D<5/2>,1/2)<3>,7/2]* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 382.89121 nm | 1000 | Hg II | emission | 5d9.6s.6p (2D<3/2>,3P<2>)* → 5d9.6s.7s [(2D<5/2>,1/2)<3>,1/2] | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 407.7837 nm | 1000 | Hg I | emission | 5d10.6s.6p 3P* → 5d10.6s.7s 1S | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 576.96095 nm | 1000 | Hg I | emission | 5d10.6s.6p 1P* → 5d10.6s.6d 3D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 690.746 nm | 1000 | Hg I | emission | 5d10.6s.7s 3S → 5d10.6s.8p 3P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 708.1901 nm | 1000 | Hg I | emission | 5d10.6s.7s 3S → 5d10.6s.8p 3P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 579.06705 nm | 900 | Hg I | emission | 5d10.6s.6p 1P* → 5d10.6s.6d 1D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 709.186 nm | 800 | Hg I | emission | 5d10.6s.7s 3S → 5d10.6s.8p 3P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 567.588 nm | 600 | Hg I | emission | 5d10.6s.7s 3S → 5d10.6s.9p 1P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 671.636 nm | 600 | Hg I | emission | 5d10.6s.7s 1S → 5d9.6s2.(2D<5/2>).6p 2[3/2]* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 580.3783 nm | 400 | Hg I | emission | 5d10.6s.7s 1S → 5d10.6s.10p 1P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 474.2296 nm | 300 | Hg II | emission | 5d9.6s.6d [(2D<5/2>,1/2)<3>,3/2] → 5d9.6s.5f [(2D<5/2>,1/2)<3>,7/2]* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 434.74951 nm | 150 | Hg I | emission | 5d10.6s.6p 1P* → 5d10.6s.7d 1D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 594.7682 nm | 150 | Hg II | emission | 5d10.7d 2D → 5d10.8f 2F* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 535.4036 nm | 130 | Hg I | emission | 5d10.6s.7s 3S → 5d10.6s.10p 3P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 585.9254 nm | 130 | Hg I | emission | 5d10.6s.7s 3S → 5d10.6s.9p 3P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 496.017 nm | 100 | Hg I | emission | 5d9.6s2.(2D<5/2>).6p 2[7/2]* → 5d9.6s2.(2D<5/2>).7s 2[5/2] | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 510.0945 nm | 100 | Hg II | emission | 5d9.6s.6d [(2D<5/2>,1/2)<3>,5/2] → 5d9.6s.5f [(2D<5/2>,1/2)<3>,7/2]* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 410.8054 nm | 70 | Hg I | emission | 5d10.6s.6p 1P* → 5d10.6s.9s 1S | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 512.0637 nm | 70 | Hg I | emission | 5d10.6s.7s 3S → 5d10.6s.11p 3P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 509.8561 nm | 60 | Hg II | emission | 5d9.6s.6d [(2D<5/2>,1/2)<3>,5/2] → 5d9.6s.5f [(2D<5/2>,1/2)<3>,5/2]* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 380.16582 nm | 50 | Hg I | emission | 5d10.6s.6p 1P* → 5d10.6s.10s 1S | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 382.037 nm | 50 | Hg I | emission | 5d9.6s2.(2D<5/2>).6p 2[7/2]* → 5d9.6s2.(2D<5/2>).7s 2[5/2] | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 404.7742 nm | 50 | Hg II | emission | 5d9.6s.6p (2D<3/2>,3P<2>)* → 5d9.6s.7s [(2D<5/2>,1/2)<3>,1/2] | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 433.92228 nm | 50 | Hg I | emission | 5d10.6s.6p 1P* → 5d10.6s.7d 3D | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 538.4627 nm | 50 | Hg I | emission | 5d10.6s.7s 3S → 5d10.6s.10p 3P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 554.9636 nm | 50 | Hg I | emission | 5d10.6s.7s 1S → 5d10.6s.11p 1P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 623.435 nm | 50 | Hg I | emission | 5d10.6s.7s 1S → 5d10.6s.9p 1P* | 측정값 | NIST | |
| 390.6383 nm | 40 | Hg I | emission | 5d10.6s.6p 1P* → 5d10.6s.8d 1D | 측정값 | NIST |
확장 특성
공유 결합 반지름(확장)
- 공유 결합 반지름(Pyykkö)
- 133 pm
- 공유 결합 반지름(Pyykkö, 이중 결합)
- 142 pm
반데르발스 반지름
- Batsanov
- 205 pm
- Alvarez
- 245 pm
- UFF
- 270.5 pm
- MM3
- 253 pm
원자 및 금속 반지름
- 원자 반지름(Rahm)
- 229 pm
- 금속 반지름(C12)
- 151 pm
번호 척도
- Mendeleev
- 79
- Pettifor
- 74
- Glawe
- 76
전기 음성도 척도
- Ghosh
- 0
- Miedema
- 4
- Gunnarsson–Lundqvist
- 4
- Robles–Bartolotti
- 3
분극률 및 분산
- 쌍극자 분극률
- 33.91 a.u.
- 쌍극자 분극률(불확도)
- 0.34 a.u.
- C₆ (Gould–Bučko)
- 268 Ha·Bohr6
미데마 매개변수
- 미데마 몰 부피
- 14.08 cm3/mol
- 미데마 전자 밀도
- 2
공급 위험 및 경제성
- 생산 집중도
- 74
- 상대적 공급 위험
- 9
- 매장량 분포
- 29
- 정치적 안정성(최대 생산국)
- 24
- 정치적 안정성(최대 매장국)
- 23
상전이 및 동소체
| 녹는점 | 234.32 K |
| 끓는점 | 629.77 K |
| 임계점(온도) | 1764.15 K |
| 임계점(압력) | 167 MPa |
| 삼중점(온도) | 234.32 K |
산화 상태 분류
심화 참고 데이터
차폐 상수 (14)
| n | 오비탈 | σ |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | s | 1.5419 |
| 2 | p | 4.499 |
| 2 | s | 20.8906 |
| 3 | d | 13.4804 |
| 3 | p | 22.4798 |
| 3 | s | 23.4587 |
| 4 | d | 37.532 |
| 4 | f | 38.2392 |
| 4 | p | 35.594 |
| 4 | s | 34.7552 |
결정 반지름 상세 정보 (6)
| 전하 | CN | 스핀 | rcrystal (pm) | 기원 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | III | 111 | ||
| 1 | VI | 133 | ||
| 2 | II | 83 | ||
| 2 | IV | 110 | ||
| 2 | VI | 116 | ||
| 2 | VIII | 128 | from r^3 vs V plots, |
동위원소 붕괴 방식 (76)
| 동위원소 | 모드 | 세기 |
|---|---|---|
| 170 | A | 100% |
| 171 | A | 100% |
| 171 | B+ | — |
| 172 | A | 100% |
| 172 | B+ | — |
| 173 | A | 100% |
| 174 | A | 100% |
| 174 | B+ | — |
| 175 | A | 100% |
| 175 | B+ | — |
X선 산란 인자 (516)
| 에너지 (eV) | f₁ | f₂ |
|---|---|---|
| 10 | — | 3.07253 |
| 10.1617 | — | 3.05926 |
| 10.3261 | — | 3.04605 |
| 10.4931 | — | 3.0329 |
| 10.6628 | — | 3.0198 |
| 10.8353 | — | 3.00676 |
| 11.0106 | — | 3.02448 |
| 11.1886 | — | 3.04517 |
| 11.3696 | — | 3.066 |
| 11.5535 | — | 3.08698 |
추가 데이터
Estimated Crustal Abundance
The estimated element abundance in the earth's crust.
8.5×10-2 milligrams per kilogram
참고 문헌 (1)
Estimated Oceanic Abundance
The estimated element abundance in the earth's oceans.
3×10-5 milligrams per liter
참고 문헌 (1)
참고 문헌
(9)
Data deposited in or computed by PubChem
The half-life and atomic mass data was provided by the Atomic Mass Data Center at the International Atomic Energy Agency.
Element data are cited from the Atomic weights of the elements (an IUPAC Technical Report). The IUPAC periodic table of elements can be found at https://iupac.org/what-we-do/periodic-table-of-elements/. Additional information can be found within IUPAC publication doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0703 Copyright © 2020 International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.
The information are cited from Pure Appl. Chem. 2018; 90(12): 1833-2092, https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2015-0703.
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jefferson Lab) is one of 17 national laboratories funded by the U.S. Department of Energy. The lab's primary mission is to conduct basic research of the atom's nucleus using the lab's unique particle accelerator, known as the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF). For more information visit https://www.jlab.org/
The periodic table at the LANL (Los Alamos National Laboratory) contains basic element information together with the history, source, properties, use, handling and more. The provenance data may be found from the link under the source name.
The periodic table contains NIST's critically-evaluated data on atomic properties of the elements. The provenance data that include data for atomic spectroscopy, X-ray and gamma ray, radiation dosimetry, nuclear physics, and condensed matter physics may be found from the link under the source name. Ref: https://www.nist.gov/pml/atomic-spectra-database
This section provides all form of data related to element Mercury.
The element property data was retrieved from publications.