Tennessine (Ts)
halogenExpected to be a Solid
標準原子量
[294]電子配置
[Rn] 7s2 7p5 5f14 6d10 (予測値)融点
549.85 °C沸点
609.85 °C密度
7200 kg/m³酸化数
−1, +1, +3, +5電気陰性度（Pauling）
データなし第1イオン化エネルギー
データなし発見年
2010原子半径
138 pm詳細
Tennessine is a synthetic superheavy element in group 17, below astatine. It has been identified only through decay chains from a few individual atoms, chiefly isotopes such as ²⁹³Ts and ²⁹⁴Ts. Although it is placed among the halogens, relativistic effects are expected to make its chemistry less typical than that of iodine or astatine. No natural reservoir or macroscopic sample is known.
Tennessine does not occur naturally in the Earth’s crust. The name tennessine and the symbol Ts, are the accepted ones for element 117. The name is in recognition of the contribution of the Tennessee region, including Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Vanderbilt University, and the University of Tennessee at Knoxville, to super-heavy element research, including the production and chemical separation of unique actinide target materials for super-heavy element synthesis at ORNL’s High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) and Radiochemical Engineering Development Center (REDC) [676], [677], [678], [679].
In 2009, two isotopes, 293Ts and 294Ts were synthesized from the bombardment of 48Ca ions with 249Bk nuclei (Fig. IUPAC.117.1) in the Dubna gas filled recoil separator and the heavy ion cyclotron U-400. Tennessine has no known isotopic applications aside from scientific research.
On April 5, 2010, scientists working at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia, along with scientists from the U.S. Department of Energy's Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and Oak Ridge National Laboratory, announced the creation of tennessine. They produced tennessine by bombarding atoms of berkelium-249 with ions of calcium-48. Tennessine's most stable isotope, tennessine-294, has a half-life of about 80 milliseconds. It decays into moscovium-290 through alpha decay.
On Novemer 28th, 2016 element 117 was named Tennessine with the symbol (Ts). The Tennessee region of the United States is home to Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Vanderbilt University, and the University of Tennessee at Knoxville, all of which contributed to superheavy element research.
The appearance of elemental tennessine is unknown. No visible or weighable sample has been made, and its shortest-lived observed isotopes decay far too quickly for ordinary physical examination. Any description of color, luster, density, or melting behavior is theoretical.
Tennessine has no practical use outside nuclear research. Its production has served to test models of superheavy nuclei, decay chains, and the stability of very heavy elements near the predicted island of stability. Experiments involving tennessine require specialized accelerators and rare target materials; the atoms produced are detected by their radioactive decay, not collected for application.
Since only a few atoms of tennessine have ever been produced, it currently has no uses outside of basic scientific research.
No tennessine compound has been isolated or chemically characterized in bulk. Calculations treat tennessine as a very heavy halogen with accessible -1 and positive oxidation states, but with strong relativistic modifications. Predicted species include the Ts⁻ ion, hydrogen tennesside (HTs), tennessine monofluoride (TsF), and higher fluorides such as tennessine trifluoride (TsF₃), though these remain unconfirmed experimentally. The +7 state is generally expected to be less favored than in lighter halogens.
See more information at the Tennessine compound page.
The safety properties of tennessine are dominated by intense radioactivity at the atom scale rather than by known chemical toxicity. Observed isotopes have half-lives measured in milliseconds, so they decay before any normal handling of material is possible. Experiments are conducted in shielded accelerator facilities with controls for heavy-ion beams, radioactive targets, and decay products.
Tennessine has no confirmed natural occurrence and no known environmental cycle. Any atoms formed naturally, if at all, would decay rapidly and would not accumulate in air, water, soil, or living systems. Environmental considerations are therefore limited to controlled laboratory work with accelerator targets, reaction products, and radioactive residues.
Tennessine has no commodity market, industrial supply chain, or commercial demand. It is produced atom by atom by heavy-ion fusion, notably by bombarding ²⁴⁹Bk targets with ⁴⁸Ca ions. The limiting factors are accelerator time, detector capability, and the scarcity of suitable berkelium target material. Recycling in the usual industrial sense is not relevant; unused or residual target material may be recovered within research programs.
Made by bombarding berkelium-249 with calcium-48.
Tennessine is not expected to have any lasting cosmic abundance. Nuclei with this proton number, if produced in extreme nucleosynthetic events, would decay rapidly compared with astronomical timescales. It is absent from normal planetary chemistry and is known only as a human-made superheavy element.
- Tennessine was named for the U.S. state of Tennessee, reflecting contributions from laboratories and institutions there.
- Its confirmed atoms have been identified through correlated alpha decays and spontaneous fission events.
- Only a few atoms are needed for discovery-level evidence in superheavy-element work.
- The element sits below astatine, itself one of the rarest naturally occurring elements.
- Tennessine chemistry has not yet been tested by direct chemical separation experiments.
- Its symbol, Ts, was assigned after the element name was approved.
画像
性質
物理的性質
- 原子半径（経験値）
- 138 pm 全元素の原子半径（経験値）を比較 →
- 密度
- 7200 kg/m³ 全元素の密度を比較 →
- 標準温度・圧力（STP）での相
- 固体 全元素の標準温度・圧力（STP）での相を比較 →
- 融点
- 549.85 °C 全元素の融点を比較 →
- 沸点
- 609.85 °C 全元素の沸点を比較 →
化学的性質
- 電子親和力
- 1.8 eV
- 酸化数
- −1, +1, +3, +5 全元素の酸化数を比較 →
- 価電子
- 7 全元素の価電子を比較 →
- 電子配置
- [Rn] 7s2 7p5 5f14 6d10 (予測値)
熱力学的性質
データなし
原子核
- 陽子数
- 117 全元素の陽子数を比較 →
- 中性子数
- 177 全元素の中性子数を比較 →
- 既知の同位体
- 4 全元素の既知の同位体を比較 →
- 安定同位体
- 0 全元素の安定同位体を比較 →
- 質量数（最も安定な同位体）
- 294
- 最も安定な同位体
- Ts-294
- 発見年
- 2010
存在度
データなし
結晶構造
データなし
電子構造
- 各電子殻の電子数
- 14, 10, 7 全元素の各電子殻の電子数を比較 →
識別子
- CAS登録番号
- 87658-56-8 全元素のCAS登録番号を比較 →
- InChI
- InChI=1S/Ts
- InChI Key
- INMSAURDCVBGHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
電子配置 予測値
——このイオンの電子配置データはありません。
原子モデル
同位体によって中性子数、質量、安定性は変わりますが、中性原子の電子配置は変わりません。
データなし
模式的な原子モデルです。実際の縮尺とは異なります。
原子の指紋
発光／吸収スペクトル
同位体分布
安定同位体はありません。
| 質量数 | 原子質量（u） | 天然存在比 | 半減期 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 291 放射性 | 291.20553 ± 0.00068 | データなし | 2 ms |
| 292 放射性 | 292.20746 ± 0.00075 | データなし | 10 ms |
| 293 放射性 | 293.20824 ± 0.00089 | データなし | 25 ms |
| 294 放射性 | 294.21046 ± 0.00074 | データなし | 70 ms |
相／状態
理由: 融点（549.85 °C）より524.9 °C低い
模式図、実際の縮尺とは異なります
相転移点
密度
標準条件下
標準条件下
結晶構造のデータはありません
同位体 (4)
| 質量数 | 原子質量（u） | 天然存在比 | 半減期 | 崩壊形式 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 291 放射性 | 291.20553 ± 0.00068 | データなし | 2 ms | α ?SF ? | |
| 292 放射性 | 292.20746 ± 0.00075 | データなし | 10 ms | α ?SF ? | |
| 293 放射性 | 293.20824 ± 0.00089 | データなし | 25 ms | α =100% | |
| 294 放射性 | 294.21046 ± 0.00074 | データなし | 70 ms | α =100% |
詳細な性質
共有結合半径（詳細）
- 共有結合半径（Pyykkö）
- 165 pm
番号付けの尺度
- Mendeleev
- 111
分極率と分散
- 双極子分極率
- 76 a.u.
- 双極子分極率（不確かさ）
- 15 a.u.
酸化数の分類
専門参考データ
同位体の崩壊形式 (6)
| 同位体 | モード | 強度 |
|---|---|---|
| 291 | A | — |
| 291 | SF | — |
| 292 | A | — |
| 292 | SF | — |
| 293 | A | 100% |
| 294 | A | 100% |
追加データ
Estimated Crustal Abundance
The estimated element abundance in the earth's crust.
Not Applicable
参考文献 (1)
- [5] Tennessine https://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele117.html
Estimated Oceanic Abundance
The estimated element abundance in the earth's oceans.
Not Applicable
参考文献 (1)
- [5] Tennessine https://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele117.html
参考文献
(8)
Data deposited in or computed by PubChem
The half-life and atomic mass data was provided by the Atomic Mass Data Center at the International Atomic Energy Agency.
Element data are cited from the Atomic weights of the elements (an IUPAC Technical Report). The IUPAC periodic table of elements can be found at https://iupac.org/what-we-do/periodic-table-of-elements/. Additional information can be found within IUPAC publication doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0703 Copyright © 2020 International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.
The information are cited from Pure Appl. Chem. 2018; 90(12): 1833-2092, https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2015-0703.
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jefferson Lab) is one of 17 national laboratories funded by the U.S. Department of Energy. The lab's primary mission is to conduct basic research of the atom's nucleus using the lab's unique particle accelerator, known as the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF). For more information visit https://www.jlab.org/
The periodic table at the LANL (Los Alamos National Laboratory) contains basic element information together with the history, source, properties, use, handling and more. The provenance data may be found from the link under the source name.
The periodic table contains NIST's critically-evaluated data on atomic properties of the elements.
This section provides all form of data related to element Tennessine.