Francium (Fr)
alkali-metalSolid
Bobot Atom Standar
[223]Konfigurasi elektron
[Rn] 7s1Titik lebur
26,85 °CTitik didih
Tidak tersediaMassa jenis
1870 kg/m³Bilangan oksidasi
+1Keelektronegatifan (Pauling)
0,7Energi ionisasi (ke-1)
4,072741 eVTahun penemuan
1939Jari-jari atom
Tidak tersediaDetail
Francium is the heaviest known alkali metal and a member of group 1. All of its isotopes are radioactive, and the element occurs naturally only as fleeting decay products in uranium and thorium series minerals. Its chemistry is expected and partly observed to resemble an extremely electropositive form of caesium, dominated by the +1 oxidation state. Because the longest-lived isotope, ²²³Fr, has a half-life of only about 22 minutes, francium has no bulk technological role.
Francium was discovered in 1939 by Marguerite Perey, a physicist at the Curie Institute in Paris, France (Fig. IUPAC.87.1). 223Fr (with a half-life of 22 min) occurs naturally in uranium minerals as a result of actinium decay. However, it is estimated that no more than approximately 30 g of francium is present in the Earth’s crust at any time. Francium can be produced artificially for research by bombarding thorium with protons. Francium was named in honor of Perey’s home country, France [575], [576], [577]. Francium has no known isotopic applications outside of scientific research.
Francium was discovered by Marguerite Catherine Perey, a French chemist, in 1939 while analyzing actinium's decay sequence. Although considered a natural element, scientists estimate that there is no more than one ounce of francium in the earth's crust at one time. Since there is so little naturally occurring francium on earth, scientists must produce francium in order to study it. Francium can be produced by bombarding thorium with protons or by bombarding radium with neutrons. Francium's most stable isotope, francium-223, has a half-life of about 22 minutes. It decays into radium-223 through beta decay or into astatine-219 through alpha decay.
Discovered in 1939 by Mlle. Marguerite Perey of the Curie Institute, Paris. Francium, the heaviest known member of the alkali metals series, occurs as a result of an alpha disintegration of actinium. It can also be made artificially by bombarding thorium with protons. While it occurs naturally in uranium minerals, there is probably less than an ounce of francium at any time in the total crust of the earth. It has the highest equivalent weight of any element, and is the most unstable of the first 101 elements of the periodic system. Thirty-three isotopes of francium are recognized. The longest lived 223Fr (Ac, K), a daughter of 227Ac, has a half-life of 22 min. This is the only isotope of francium occurring in nature. Because all known isotopes of francium are highly unstable, knowledge of the chemical properties of this element comes from radiochemical techniques. No weighable quantity of the element has been prepared or isolated. The chemical properties of francium most resemble cesium.
No macroscopic sample of pure francium has been prepared, so its actual bulk appearance is unknown. By periodic trend it is predicted to be a very soft, silvery metallic solid, but this has not been directly observed.
Francium has no commercial or industrial use. Its practical use is confined to research with very small numbers of atoms, especially laser spectroscopy, tests of atomic structure theory in very heavy alkali atoms, and studies relevant to fundamental symmetry measurements. ²²³Fr and other isotopes can be generated from nuclear decay or accelerator reactions, but their short half-lives restrict experiments to specialized laboratories and prevent storage or shipment as ordinary material.
Due to the small amounts produced and its short half-life, there are currently no uses for francium outside of basic scientific research.
Francium chemistry is difficult to study because only tracer quantities exist at any time. The stable oxidation state is Fr⁺, and no well-characterized bulk compounds are known. Experiments and periodic trends indicate close analogy with caesium salts, including expected ionic compounds such as francium chloride, FrCl, and francium hydroxide, FrOH. Complexation and adsorption studies show behavior consistent with a large, weakly hydrated alkali-metal cation, but many thermodynamic values remain estimated or derived from trace-scale measurements.
See more information at the Francium compound page.
Francium is hazardous primarily because all isotopes are radioactive and decay rapidly, emitting radiation through isotope-specific decay chains. The element is not encountered outside nuclear or radiochemical settings. Chemical toxicity is poorly characterized and is of little practical importance compared with radiological dose, contamination control, and the hazards associated with its radioactive daughters.
Natural francium is continually produced in minute amounts by decay within uranium- and thorium-bearing materials and then quickly decays, so it does not accumulate as a persistent environmental contaminant. Its environmental chemistry is inferred to follow alkali-metal ion behavior in water and minerals, but the number of atoms present in nature is so small that it has no known biological or geochemical cycling role.
Francium has no commodity market, no commercial supply chain, and no demand outside research. It cannot be mined in meaningful quantity because natural inventories are extraordinarily small and transient. Research samples are made as needed, commonly by separating ²²³Fr from actinium decay sources or by producing neutron-deficient isotopes in accelerator experiments. The limiting factors are specialized facilities, radiochemical handling, rapid decay, and the need to conduct measurements immediately after production.
Formed by decay of actinium. Chemical properties similar to cesium. Decays to radium or astatine.
Francium is not a significant cosmic element. Any primordial francium would have decayed long ago, and present atoms arise only from ongoing radioactive decay or nuclear reactions. In stars, supernova debris, and planetary materials it is expected to be transient and extremely rare, with no stable isotope allowing accumulation over geological or astronomical time.
- Francium was discovered through its decay signature rather than from an isolated visible sample.
- Only trace radiochemical amounts can exist before most atoms decay away.
- ²²³Fr belongs to the actinium decay series.
- Francium is less well characterized experimentally than many synthetic elements with longer-lived isotopes.
- Its first ionization energy is among the lowest expected for any known element.
Gambar
Sifat
Fisika
- Jari-jari kovalen
- 260 pm Bandingkan Jari-jari kovalen semua unsur →
- Jari-jari van der Waals
- 348 pm Bandingkan Jari-jari van der Waals semua unsur →
- Massa jenis
- 1870 kg/m³ Bandingkan Massa jenis semua unsur →
- Fase pada STP
- Padat Bandingkan Fase pada STP semua unsur →
- Titik lebur
- 26,85 °C Bandingkan Titik lebur semua unsur →
- Struktur kristal
- Kubik berpusat badan Bandingkan Struktur kristal semua unsur →
Kimia
- Keelektronegatifan (Pauling)
- 0,7 Bandingkan Keelektronegatifan (Pauling) semua unsur →
- Keelektronegatifan (Allen)
- 0,67
- Afinitas elektron
- 0,491 eV
- Energi ionisasi (ke-1)
- 4,072741 eV Bandingkan Energi ionisasi (ke-1) semua unsur →
- Energi ionisasi (ke-2)
- 22,400077 eV Bandingkan Energi ionisasi (ke-2) semua unsur →
- Energi ionisasi (ke-3)
- 33,500115 eV Bandingkan Energi ionisasi (ke-3) semua unsur →
- Energi ionisasi (ke-4)
- 39,100135 eV Bandingkan Energi ionisasi (ke-4) semua unsur →
- Energi ionisasi (ke-5)
- 50,000172 eV Bandingkan Energi ionisasi (ke-5) semua unsur →
- Bilangan oksidasi
- +1 Bandingkan Bilangan oksidasi semua unsur →
- Elektron valensi
- 1 Bandingkan Elektron valensi semua unsur →
- Konfigurasi elektron
- [Rn] 7s1
Termodinamika
- Kalor peleburan
- 0,02072861 eV Bandingkan Kalor peleburan semua unsur →
- Kalor penguapan
- 0,67367985 eV Bandingkan Kalor penguapan semua unsur →
- Kalor sublimasi
- 0,74622998 eV
- Kalor atomisasi
- 0,74622998 eV
Nuklir
- Proton
- 87 Bandingkan Proton semua unsur →
- Neutron
- 136 Bandingkan Neutron semua unsur →
- Isotop yang diketahui
- 37 Bandingkan Isotop yang diketahui semua unsur →
- Isotop stabil
- 0 Bandingkan Isotop stabil semua unsur →
- Nomor massa (paling stabil)
- 223
- Isotop paling stabil
- Fr-223
- Tahun penemuan
- 1939
Kelimpahan
Tidak tersedia
Struktur Kristal
Tidak tersedia
Struktur Elektronik
- Elektron per kulit
- 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8, 1 Bandingkan Elektron per kulit semua unsur →
Pengenal
- Nomor CAS
- 7440-73-5 Bandingkan Nomor CAS semua unsur →
- Simbol term
- 2S1/2
- InChI
- InChI=1S/Fr
- Kunci InChI
- KLMCZVJOEAUDNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Konfigurasi Elektron Diukur
Fr: 7s¹[Rn] 7s¹1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p⁶ 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p⁶ 7s¹Model atom
Isotop mengubah jumlah neutron, massa, dan kestabilan — bukan konfigurasi elektron atom netral.
Model atom skematis, tidak sesuai skala.
Sidik Jari Atom
Spektrum Emisi / Absorpsi
Distribusi Isotop
Tidak memiliki isotop stabil.
| Nomor massa | Massa atom (u) | Kelimpahan alami | Waktu paruh |
|---|---|---|---|
| 233 Radioaktif | 233,05264 ± 0,00032 | Tidak tersedia | 900 ms |
| 216 Radioaktif | 216,0031899 ± 0,0000045 | Tidak tersedia | 700 ns |
| 203 Radioaktif | 203,0009407 ± 0,0000067 | Tidak tersedia | 550 ms |
| 202 Radioaktif | 202,00332 ± 0,000055 | Tidak tersedia | 372 ms |
| 215 Radioaktif | 215,0003418 ± 0,0000076 | Tidak tersedia | 90 ns |
Fase / Wujud
Alasan: 1,9 °C di bawah titik lebur (26,85 °C)
Skematis, tidak sesuai skala
Titik transisi fase
Energi transisi
Energi yang diperlukan untuk meleburkan 1 mol pada titik lebur
Energi yang diperlukan untuk menguapkan 1 mol pada titik didih
Energi yang diperlukan untuk menyublimkan 1 mol pada titik sublimasi
Massa jenis
Pada kondisi standar
Pada kondisi standar
Spektrum Atom
Menampilkan 10 dari 87. Diurutkan berdasarkan muatan ion (menaik).
Data Garis Spektrum ?
| Ion | Muatan | Total garis | Probabilitas transisi | Penamaan tingkat energi |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fr I | 0 | 149 | 149 | 149 |
Data Tingkat Energi ?
| Ion | Muatan | Tingkat energi |
|---|---|---|
| Fr I | 0 | 123 |
| Fr II | +1 | 2 |
| Fr III | +2 | 2 |
| Fr IV | +3 | 2 |
| Fr V | +4 | 2 |
| Fr VI | +5 | 2 |
| Fr VII | +6 | 2 |
| Fr VIII | +7 | 2 |
| Fr IX | +8 | 2 |
| Fr X | +9 | 2 |
Data struktur kristal tidak tersedia
Struktur kristal: bcc
Jari-jari Ion
| Muatan | Koordinasi | Spin | Jari-jari |
|---|---|---|---|
| +1 | 6 | Tidak tersedia | 180 pm |
Senyawa
Isotop (5)
| Nomor massa | Massa atom (u) | Kelimpahan alami | Waktu paruh | Mode peluruhan | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 233 Radioaktif | 233,05264 ± 0,00032 | Tidak tersedia | 900 ms | β- =100%β-n ? | |
| 216 Radioaktif | 216,0031899 ± 0,0000045 | Tidak tersedia | 700 ns | α =100%β+ ? | |
| 203 Radioaktif | 203,0009407 ± 0,0000067 | Tidak tersedia | 550 ms | α ≈100%β+ ? | |
| 202 Radioaktif | 202,00332 ± 0,000055 | Tidak tersedia | 372 ms | α ≈100%β+ ? | |
| 215 Radioaktif | 215,0003418 ± 0,0000076 | Tidak tersedia | 90 ns | α =100% |
Garis Spektrum
| Panjang gelombang (nm) | Intensitas | Tahap ionisasi | Jenis | Transisi | Akurasi | Sumber | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 422.56552 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 7s 2S → 8p 2P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 432.53607 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 7s 2S → 8p 2P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 494.61573 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 20d 2D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 495.91444 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 19d 2D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 496.90308 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 20s 2S | Diukur | NIST | |
| 497.49878 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 18d 2D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 498.7192 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 19s 2S | Diukur | NIST | |
| 499.45999 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 17d 2D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 500.99176 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 18s 2S | Diukur | NIST | |
| 501.92929 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 16d 2D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 503.88964 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 17s 2S | Diukur | NIST | |
| 505.10105 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 15d 2D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 507.66912 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 16s 2S | Diukur | NIST | |
| 509.27532 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 14d 2D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 512.73622 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 15s 2S | Diukur | NIST | |
| 514.93307 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 13d 2D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 519.7664 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 14s 2S | Diukur | NIST | |
| 522.89168 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 12d 2D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 529.95916 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 13s 2S | Diukur | NIST | |
| 534.64166 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 11d 2D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 539.61762 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 20d 2D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 539.6469 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 20d 2D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 541.15779 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 19d 2D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 541.19321 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 19d 2D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 542.37083 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 20s 2S | Diukur | NIST | |
| 543.03716 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 18d 2D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 543.08061 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 18d 2D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 544.53524 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 19s 2S | Diukur | NIST | |
| 545.36417 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 17d 2D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 545.4185 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 17d 2D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 545.63748 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 12s 2S | Diukur | NIST | |
| 547.24565 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 18s 2S | Diukur | NIST | |
| 548.29545 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 16d 2D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 548.36447 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 16d 2D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 550.70515 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 17s 2S | Diukur | NIST | |
| 552.06365 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 15d 2D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 552.15244 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 15d 2D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 553.17161 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 10d 2D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 555.22268 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 16s 2S | Diukur | NIST | |
| 557.02549 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 14d 2D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 557.14445 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 14d 2D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 561.28917 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 15s 2S | Diukur | NIST | |
| 563.7589 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 13d 2D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 563.92284 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 13d 2D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 569.72475 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 14s 2S | Diukur | NIST | |
| 571.87464 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 11s 2S | Diukur | NIST | |
| 573.24676 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 12d 2D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 573.48185 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 12d 2D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 585.3491 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 9d 2D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 587.29 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 11d 2D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 587.64619 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 11d 2D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 600.95745 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 12s 2S | Diukur | NIST | |
| 609.52762 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 10d 2D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 610.10952 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 10d 2D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 618.5596 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 20p 2P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 618.7831 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 20p 2P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 621.0658 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 19p 2P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 621.3414 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 19p 2P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 621.98126 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 10s 2S | Diukur | NIST | |
| 624.178 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 18p 2P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 624.5235 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 18p 2P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 626.3009 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 20p 2P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 628.1118 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 17p 2P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 628.5529 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 17p 2P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 628.8704 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 19p 2P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 632.0616 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 18p 2P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 632.9403 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 11s 2S | Diukur | NIST | |
| 633.1901 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 16p 2P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 633.7661 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 16p 2P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 636.0957 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 17p 2P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 639.9141 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 15p 2P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 640.6887 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 15p 2P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 641.3044 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 16p 2P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 648.2027 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 15p 2P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 648.421 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 9d 2D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 649.103 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 14p 2P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 649.4876 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 9d 2D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 650.1812 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 14p 2P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 650.7242 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 8d 2D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 657.633 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 14p 2P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 662.174 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 13p 2P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 663.746 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 13p 2P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 671.054 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 13p 2P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 681.787 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 12p 2P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 684.222 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 12p 2P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 691.204 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 12p 2P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 694.8987 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 10s 2S | Diukur | NIST | |
| 713.491 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 11p 2P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 717.615 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 11p 2P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 717.98664 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 7s 2S → 7p 2P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 723.811 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 11p 2P* | Diukur | NIST | |
| 728.5892 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 8d 2D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 730.9713 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 8d 2D | Diukur | NIST | |
| 744.1976 nm | Tidak tersedia | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 9s 2S | Diukur | NIST |
Sifat Lanjutan
Jari-jari Kovalen (Lanjutan)
- Jari-jari kovalen (Pyykkö)
- 223 pm
- Jari-jari kovalen (Pyykkö, ikatan rangkap dua)
- 218 pm
Jari-jari van der Waals
- Truhlar
- 348 pm
- UFF
- 490 pm
- MM3
- 364 pm
Jari-jari Atom & Logam
- Jari-jari atom (Rahm)
- 258 pm
Skala Penomoran
- Mendeleev
- 6
- Pettifor
- 7
- Glawe
- 7
Skala Keelektronegatifan
- Ghosh
- 0
Polarizabilitas & Dispersi
- Polarizabilitas dipol
- 317,8 a.u.
- Polarizabilitas dipol (ketidakpastian)
- 2,4 a.u.
Transisi Fase & Alotrop
| Titik lebur | 294,15 K |
Kategori Bilangan Oksidasi
Data Referensi Lanjutan
Detail Jari-jari Kristal (1)
| Muatan | CN | Spin | rcrystal (pm) | Asal |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | VI | 194 | Ahrens (1952) ionic radius, |
Mode Peluruhan Isotop (60)
| Isotop | Mode | Intensitas |
|---|---|---|
| 197 | A | 100% |
| 198 | A | 100% |
| 199 | A | 100% |
| 199 | B+ | — |
| 200 | A | 100% |
| 200 | B+ | — |
| 200 | B+SF | — |
| 201 | A | 100% |
| 201 | B+ | — |
| 202 | A | 100% |
Faktor Hamburan Sinar-X (516)
| Energi (eV) | f₁ | f₂ |
|---|---|---|
| 10 | — | 0,05044 |
| 10,1617 | — | 0,06059 |
| 10,3261 | — | 0,07277 |
| 10,4931 | — | 0,08938 |
| 10,6628 | — | 0,11712 |
| 10,8353 | — | 0,15347 |
| 11,0106 | — | 0,20109 |
| 11,1886 | — | 0,26349 |
| 11,3696 | — | 0,40321 |
| 11,5535 | — | 0,63759 |
Data Tambahan
Estimated Crustal Abundance
The estimated element abundance in the earth's crust.
Not Applicable
Referensi (1)
- [5] Francium https://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele087.html
Estimated Oceanic Abundance
The estimated element abundance in the earth's oceans.
Not Applicable
Referensi (1)
- [5] Francium https://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele087.html
Referensi
(9)
Data deposited in or computed by PubChem
The half-life and atomic mass data was provided by the Atomic Mass Data Center at the International Atomic Energy Agency.
Element data are cited from the Atomic weights of the elements (an IUPAC Technical Report). The IUPAC periodic table of elements can be found at https://iupac.org/what-we-do/periodic-table-of-elements/. Additional information can be found within IUPAC publication doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0703 Copyright © 2020 International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.
The information are cited from Pure Appl. Chem. 2018; 90(12): 1833-2092, https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2015-0703.
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jefferson Lab) is one of 17 national laboratories funded by the U.S. Department of Energy. The lab's primary mission is to conduct basic research of the atom's nucleus using the lab's unique particle accelerator, known as the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF). For more information visit https://www.jlab.org/
The periodic table at the LANL (Los Alamos National Laboratory) contains basic element information together with the history, source, properties, use, handling and more. The provenance data may be found from the link under the source name.
The periodic table contains NIST's critically-evaluated data on atomic properties of the elements. The provenance data that include data for atomic spectroscopy, X-ray and gamma ray, radiation dosimetry, nuclear physics, and condensed matter physics may be found from the link under the source name. Ref: https://www.nist.gov/pml/atomic-spectra-database
This section provides all form of data related to element Francium.
The element property data was retrieved from publications.