Tennessine (Ts)
halogenExpected to be a Solid
Bobot Atom Standar
[294]Konfigurasi elektron
[Rn] 7s2 7p5 5f14 6d10 (Diprediksi)Titik lebur
549,85 °CTitik didih
609,85 °CMassa jenis
7200 kg/m³Bilangan oksidasi
−1, +1, +3, +5Keelektronegatifan (Pauling)
Tidak tersediaEnergi ionisasi (ke-1)
Tidak tersediaTahun penemuan
2010Jari-jari atom
138 pmDetail
Tennessine is a synthetic superheavy element in group 17, below astatine. It has been identified only through decay chains from a few individual atoms, chiefly isotopes such as ²⁹³Ts and ²⁹⁴Ts. Although it is placed among the halogens, relativistic effects are expected to make its chemistry less typical than that of iodine or astatine. No natural reservoir or macroscopic sample is known.
Tennessine does not occur naturally in the Earth’s crust. The name tennessine and the symbol Ts, are the accepted ones for element 117. The name is in recognition of the contribution of the Tennessee region, including Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Vanderbilt University, and the University of Tennessee at Knoxville, to super-heavy element research, including the production and chemical separation of unique actinide target materials for super-heavy element synthesis at ORNL’s High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) and Radiochemical Engineering Development Center (REDC) [676], [677], [678], [679].
In 2009, two isotopes, 293Ts and 294Ts were synthesized from the bombardment of 48Ca ions with 249Bk nuclei (Fig. IUPAC.117.1) in the Dubna gas filled recoil separator and the heavy ion cyclotron U-400. Tennessine has no known isotopic applications aside from scientific research.
On April 5, 2010, scientists working at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia, along with scientists from the U.S. Department of Energy's Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and Oak Ridge National Laboratory, announced the creation of tennessine. They produced tennessine by bombarding atoms of berkelium-249 with ions of calcium-48. Tennessine's most stable isotope, tennessine-294, has a half-life of about 80 milliseconds. It decays into moscovium-290 through alpha decay.
On Novemer 28th, 2016 element 117 was named Tennessine with the symbol (Ts). The Tennessee region of the United States is home to Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Vanderbilt University, and the University of Tennessee at Knoxville, all of which contributed to superheavy element research.
The appearance of elemental tennessine is unknown. No visible or weighable sample has been made, and its shortest-lived observed isotopes decay far too quickly for ordinary physical examination. Any description of color, luster, density, or melting behavior is theoretical.
Tennessine has no practical use outside nuclear research. Its production has served to test models of superheavy nuclei, decay chains, and the stability of very heavy elements near the predicted island of stability. Experiments involving tennessine require specialized accelerators and rare target materials; the atoms produced are detected by their radioactive decay, not collected for application.
Since only a few atoms of tennessine have ever been produced, it currently has no uses outside of basic scientific research.
No tennessine compound has been isolated or chemically characterized in bulk. Calculations treat tennessine as a very heavy halogen with accessible -1 and positive oxidation states, but with strong relativistic modifications. Predicted species include the Ts⁻ ion, hydrogen tennesside (HTs), tennessine monofluoride (TsF), and higher fluorides such as tennessine trifluoride (TsF₃), though these remain unconfirmed experimentally. The +7 state is generally expected to be less favored than in lighter halogens.
See more information at the Tennessine compound page.
The safety properties of tennessine are dominated by intense radioactivity at the atom scale rather than by known chemical toxicity. Observed isotopes have half-lives measured in milliseconds, so they decay before any normal handling of material is possible. Experiments are conducted in shielded accelerator facilities with controls for heavy-ion beams, radioactive targets, and decay products.
Tennessine has no confirmed natural occurrence and no known environmental cycle. Any atoms formed naturally, if at all, would decay rapidly and would not accumulate in air, water, soil, or living systems. Environmental considerations are therefore limited to controlled laboratory work with accelerator targets, reaction products, and radioactive residues.
Tennessine has no commodity market, industrial supply chain, or commercial demand. It is produced atom by atom by heavy-ion fusion, notably by bombarding ²⁴⁹Bk targets with ⁴⁸Ca ions. The limiting factors are accelerator time, detector capability, and the scarcity of suitable berkelium target material. Recycling in the usual industrial sense is not relevant; unused or residual target material may be recovered within research programs.
Made by bombarding berkelium-249 with calcium-48.
Tennessine is not expected to have any lasting cosmic abundance. Nuclei with this proton number, if produced in extreme nucleosynthetic events, would decay rapidly compared with astronomical timescales. It is absent from normal planetary chemistry and is known only as a human-made superheavy element.
- Tennessine was named for the U.S. state of Tennessee, reflecting contributions from laboratories and institutions there.
- Its confirmed atoms have been identified through correlated alpha decays and spontaneous fission events.
- Only a few atoms are needed for discovery-level evidence in superheavy-element work.
- The element sits below astatine, itself one of the rarest naturally occurring elements.
- Tennessine chemistry has not yet been tested by direct chemical separation experiments.
- Its symbol, Ts, was assigned after the element name was approved.
Gambar
Sifat
Fisika
- Jari-jari atom (empiris)
- 138 pm Bandingkan Jari-jari atom (empiris) semua unsur →
- Massa jenis
- 7200 kg/m³ Bandingkan Massa jenis semua unsur →
- Fase pada STP
- Padat Bandingkan Fase pada STP semua unsur →
- Titik lebur
- 549,85 °C Bandingkan Titik lebur semua unsur →
- Titik didih
- 609,85 °C Bandingkan Titik didih semua unsur →
Kimia
- Afinitas elektron
- 1,8 eV
- Bilangan oksidasi
- −1, +1, +3, +5 Bandingkan Bilangan oksidasi semua unsur →
- Elektron valensi
- 7 Bandingkan Elektron valensi semua unsur →
- Konfigurasi elektron
- [Rn] 7s2 7p5 5f14 6d10 (Diprediksi)
Termodinamika
Tidak tersedia
Nuklir
- Proton
- 117 Bandingkan Proton semua unsur →
- Neutron
- 177 Bandingkan Neutron semua unsur →
- Isotop yang diketahui
- 4 Bandingkan Isotop yang diketahui semua unsur →
- Isotop stabil
- 0 Bandingkan Isotop stabil semua unsur →
- Nomor massa (paling stabil)
- 294
- Isotop paling stabil
- Ts-294
- Tahun penemuan
- 2010
Kelimpahan
Tidak tersedia
Struktur Kristal
Tidak tersedia
Struktur Elektronik
- Elektron per kulit
- 14, 10, 7 Bandingkan Elektron per kulit semua unsur →
Pengenal
- Nomor CAS
- 87658-56-8 Bandingkan Nomor CAS semua unsur →
- InChI
- InChI=1S/Ts
- Kunci InChI
- INMSAURDCVBGHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Konfigurasi Elektron Diprediksi
——Data konfigurasi elektron tidak tersedia untuk ion ini.
Model atom
Isotop mengubah jumlah neutron, massa, dan kestabilan — bukan konfigurasi elektron atom netral.
Tidak tersedia
Model atom skematis, tidak sesuai skala.
Sidik Jari Atom
Spektrum Emisi / Absorpsi
Distribusi Isotop
Tidak memiliki isotop stabil.
| Nomor massa | Massa atom (u) | Kelimpahan alami | Waktu paruh |
|---|---|---|---|
| 291 Radioaktif | 291,20553 ± 0,00068 | Tidak tersedia | 2 ms |
| 292 Radioaktif | 292,20746 ± 0,00075 | Tidak tersedia | 10 ms |
| 293 Radioaktif | 293,20824 ± 0,00089 | Tidak tersedia | 25 ms |
| 294 Radioaktif | 294,21046 ± 0,00074 | Tidak tersedia | 70 ms |
Fase / Wujud
Alasan: 524,9 °C di bawah titik lebur (549,85 °C)
Skematis, tidak sesuai skala
Titik transisi fase
Massa jenis
Pada kondisi standar
Pada kondisi standar
Data struktur kristal tidak tersedia
Isotop (4)
| Nomor massa | Massa atom (u) | Kelimpahan alami | Waktu paruh | Mode peluruhan | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 291 Radioaktif | 291,20553 ± 0,00068 | Tidak tersedia | 2 ms | α ?SF ? | |
| 292 Radioaktif | 292,20746 ± 0,00075 | Tidak tersedia | 10 ms | α ?SF ? | |
| 293 Radioaktif | 293,20824 ± 0,00089 | Tidak tersedia | 25 ms | α =100% | |
| 294 Radioaktif | 294,21046 ± 0,00074 | Tidak tersedia | 70 ms | α =100% |
Sifat Lanjutan
Jari-jari Kovalen (Lanjutan)
- Jari-jari kovalen (Pyykkö)
- 165 pm
Skala Penomoran
- Mendeleev
- 111
Polarizabilitas & Dispersi
- Polarizabilitas dipol
- 76 a.u.
- Polarizabilitas dipol (ketidakpastian)
- 15 a.u.
Kategori Bilangan Oksidasi
Data Referensi Lanjutan
Mode Peluruhan Isotop (6)
| Isotop | Mode | Intensitas |
|---|---|---|
| 291 | A | — |
| 291 | SF | — |
| 292 | A | — |
| 292 | SF | — |
| 293 | A | 100% |
| 294 | A | 100% |
Data Tambahan
Estimated Crustal Abundance
The estimated element abundance in the earth's crust.
Not Applicable
Referensi (1)
- [5] Tennessine https://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele117.html
Estimated Oceanic Abundance
The estimated element abundance in the earth's oceans.
Not Applicable
Referensi (1)
- [5] Tennessine https://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele117.html
Referensi
(8)
Data deposited in or computed by PubChem
The half-life and atomic mass data was provided by the Atomic Mass Data Center at the International Atomic Energy Agency.
Element data are cited from the Atomic weights of the elements (an IUPAC Technical Report). The IUPAC periodic table of elements can be found at https://iupac.org/what-we-do/periodic-table-of-elements/. Additional information can be found within IUPAC publication doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0703 Copyright © 2020 International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.
The information are cited from Pure Appl. Chem. 2018; 90(12): 1833-2092, https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2015-0703.
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jefferson Lab) is one of 17 national laboratories funded by the U.S. Department of Energy. The lab's primary mission is to conduct basic research of the atom's nucleus using the lab's unique particle accelerator, known as the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF). For more information visit https://www.jlab.org/
The periodic table at the LANL (Los Alamos National Laboratory) contains basic element information together with the history, source, properties, use, handling and more. The provenance data may be found from the link under the source name.
The periodic table contains NIST's critically-evaluated data on atomic properties of the elements.
This section provides all form of data related to element Tennessine.