Francium (Fr)
alkali-metalSolid
मानक परमाणु भार
[223]इलेक्ट्रॉन विन्यास
[Rn] 7s1गलनांक
26.85 °Cक्वथनांक
उपलब्ध नहींघनत्व
1870 kg/m³ऑक्सीकरण अवस्थाएँ
+1विद्युतऋणात्मकता (पॉलिंग)
0.7आयनन ऊर्जा (प्रथम)
4.072741 eVखोज का वर्ष
1939परमाणु त्रिज्या
उपलब्ध नहींविवरण
Francium is the heaviest known alkali metal and a member of group 1. All of its isotopes are radioactive, and the element occurs naturally only as fleeting decay products in uranium and thorium series minerals. Its chemistry is expected and partly observed to resemble an extremely electropositive form of caesium, dominated by the +1 oxidation state. Because the longest-lived isotope, ²²³Fr, has a half-life of only about 22 minutes, francium has no bulk technological role.
Francium was discovered in 1939 by Marguerite Perey, a physicist at the Curie Institute in Paris, France (Fig. IUPAC.87.1). 223Fr (with a half-life of 22 min) occurs naturally in uranium minerals as a result of actinium decay. However, it is estimated that no more than approximately 30 g of francium is present in the Earth’s crust at any time. Francium can be produced artificially for research by bombarding thorium with protons. Francium was named in honor of Perey’s home country, France [575], [576], [577]. Francium has no known isotopic applications outside of scientific research.
Francium was discovered by Marguerite Catherine Perey, a French chemist, in 1939 while analyzing actinium's decay sequence. Although considered a natural element, scientists estimate that there is no more than one ounce of francium in the earth's crust at one time. Since there is so little naturally occurring francium on earth, scientists must produce francium in order to study it. Francium can be produced by bombarding thorium with protons or by bombarding radium with neutrons. Francium's most stable isotope, francium-223, has a half-life of about 22 minutes. It decays into radium-223 through beta decay or into astatine-219 through alpha decay.
Discovered in 1939 by Mlle. Marguerite Perey of the Curie Institute, Paris. Francium, the heaviest known member of the alkali metals series, occurs as a result of an alpha disintegration of actinium. It can also be made artificially by bombarding thorium with protons. While it occurs naturally in uranium minerals, there is probably less than an ounce of francium at any time in the total crust of the earth. It has the highest equivalent weight of any element, and is the most unstable of the first 101 elements of the periodic system. Thirty-three isotopes of francium are recognized. The longest lived 223Fr (Ac, K), a daughter of 227Ac, has a half-life of 22 min. This is the only isotope of francium occurring in nature. Because all known isotopes of francium are highly unstable, knowledge of the chemical properties of this element comes from radiochemical techniques. No weighable quantity of the element has been prepared or isolated. The chemical properties of francium most resemble cesium.
No macroscopic sample of pure francium has been prepared, so its actual bulk appearance is unknown. By periodic trend it is predicted to be a very soft, silvery metallic solid, but this has not been directly observed.
Francium has no commercial or industrial use. Its practical use is confined to research with very small numbers of atoms, especially laser spectroscopy, tests of atomic structure theory in very heavy alkali atoms, and studies relevant to fundamental symmetry measurements. ²²³Fr and other isotopes can be generated from nuclear decay or accelerator reactions, but their short half-lives restrict experiments to specialized laboratories and prevent storage or shipment as ordinary material.
Due to the small amounts produced and its short half-life, there are currently no uses for francium outside of basic scientific research.
Francium chemistry is difficult to study because only tracer quantities exist at any time. The stable oxidation state is Fr⁺, and no well-characterized bulk compounds are known. Experiments and periodic trends indicate close analogy with caesium salts, including expected ionic compounds such as francium chloride, FrCl, and francium hydroxide, FrOH. Complexation and adsorption studies show behavior consistent with a large, weakly hydrated alkali-metal cation, but many thermodynamic values remain estimated or derived from trace-scale measurements.
See more information at the Francium compound page.
Francium is hazardous primarily because all isotopes are radioactive and decay rapidly, emitting radiation through isotope-specific decay chains. The element is not encountered outside nuclear or radiochemical settings. Chemical toxicity is poorly characterized and is of little practical importance compared with radiological dose, contamination control, and the hazards associated with its radioactive daughters.
Natural francium is continually produced in minute amounts by decay within uranium- and thorium-bearing materials and then quickly decays, so it does not accumulate as a persistent environmental contaminant. Its environmental chemistry is inferred to follow alkali-metal ion behavior in water and minerals, but the number of atoms present in nature is so small that it has no known biological or geochemical cycling role.
Francium has no commodity market, no commercial supply chain, and no demand outside research. It cannot be mined in meaningful quantity because natural inventories are extraordinarily small and transient. Research samples are made as needed, commonly by separating ²²³Fr from actinium decay sources or by producing neutron-deficient isotopes in accelerator experiments. The limiting factors are specialized facilities, radiochemical handling, rapid decay, and the need to conduct measurements immediately after production.
Formed by decay of actinium. Chemical properties similar to cesium. Decays to radium or astatine.
Francium is not a significant cosmic element. Any primordial francium would have decayed long ago, and present atoms arise only from ongoing radioactive decay or nuclear reactions. In stars, supernova debris, and planetary materials it is expected to be transient and extremely rare, with no stable isotope allowing accumulation over geological or astronomical time.
- Francium was discovered through its decay signature rather than from an isolated visible sample.
- Only trace radiochemical amounts can exist before most atoms decay away.
- ²²³Fr belongs to the actinium decay series.
- Francium is less well characterized experimentally than many synthetic elements with longer-lived isotopes.
- Its first ionization energy is among the lowest expected for any known element.
चित्र
गुण
भौतिक
- सहसंयोजक त्रिज्या
- 260 pm सभी तत्वों की सहसंयोजक त्रिज्या की तुलना करें →
- वान डर वाल्स त्रिज्या
- 348 pm सभी तत्वों की वान डर वाल्स त्रिज्या की तुलना करें →
- घनत्व
- 1870 kg/m³ सभी तत्वों की घनत्व की तुलना करें →
- STP पर प्रावस्था
- ठोस सभी तत्वों की STP पर प्रावस्था की तुलना करें →
- गलनांक
- 26.85 °C सभी तत्वों की गलनांक की तुलना करें →
- क्रिस्टल संरचना
- अंतःकेंद्रित घनीय सभी तत्वों की क्रिस्टल संरचना की तुलना करें →
रासायनिक
- विद्युतऋणात्मकता (पॉलिंग)
- 0.7 सभी तत्वों की विद्युतऋणात्मकता (पॉलिंग) की तुलना करें →
- विद्युतऋणात्मकता (ऐलन)
- 0.67
- इलेक्ट्रॉन बंधुता
- 0.491 eV
- आयनन ऊर्जा (प्रथम)
- 4.072741 eV सभी तत्वों की आयनन ऊर्जा (प्रथम) की तुलना करें →
- आयनन ऊर्जा (द्वितीय)
- 22.400077 eV सभी तत्वों की आयनन ऊर्जा (द्वितीय) की तुलना करें →
- आयनन ऊर्जा (तृतीय)
- 33.500115 eV सभी तत्वों की आयनन ऊर्जा (तृतीय) की तुलना करें →
- आयनन ऊर्जा (चतुर्थ)
- 39.100135 eV सभी तत्वों की आयनन ऊर्जा (चतुर्थ) की तुलना करें →
- आयनन ऊर्जा (पंचम)
- 50.000172 eV सभी तत्वों की आयनन ऊर्जा (पंचम) की तुलना करें →
- ऑक्सीकरण अवस्थाएँ
- +1 सभी तत्वों की ऑक्सीकरण अवस्थाएँ की तुलना करें →
- संयोजकता इलेक्ट्रॉन
- 1 सभी तत्वों की संयोजकता इलेक्ट्रॉन की तुलना करें →
- इलेक्ट्रॉन विन्यास
- [Rn] 7s1
ऊष्मागतिक
- गलन ऊष्मा
- 0.02072861 eV सभी तत्वों की गलन ऊष्मा की तुलना करें →
- वाष्पन ऊष्मा
- 0.67367985 eV सभी तत्वों की वाष्पन ऊष्मा की तुलना करें →
- ऊर्ध्वपातन ऊष्मा
- 0.74622998 eV
- परमाणुकरण ऊष्मा
- 0.74622998 eV
नाभिकीय
- प्रोटॉन
- 87 सभी तत्वों की प्रोटॉन की तुलना करें →
- न्यूट्रॉन
- 136 सभी तत्वों की न्यूट्रॉन की तुलना करें →
- ज्ञात समस्थानिक
- 37 सभी तत्वों की ज्ञात समस्थानिक की तुलना करें →
- स्थिर समस्थानिक
- 0 सभी तत्वों की स्थिर समस्थानिक की तुलना करें →
- द्रव्यमान संख्या (सबसे स्थिर)
- 223
- सबसे स्थिर समस्थानिक
- Fr-223
- खोज का वर्ष
- 1939
प्रचुरता
उपलब्ध नहीं
क्रिस्टल संरचना
उपलब्ध नहीं
इलेक्ट्रॉनिक संरचना
- प्रति कोश इलेक्ट्रॉन
- 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8, 1 सभी तत्वों की प्रति कोश इलेक्ट्रॉन की तुलना करें →
पहचानकर्ता
- CAS संख्या
- 7440-73-5 सभी तत्वों की CAS संख्या की तुलना करें →
- टर्म प्रतीक
- 2S1/2
- InChI
- InChI=1S/Fr
- InChI कुंजी
- KLMCZVJOEAUDNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
इलेक्ट्रॉन विन्यास मापित
Fr: 7s¹[Rn] 7s¹1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p⁶ 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p⁶ 7s¹परमाणु मॉडल
समस्थानिक न्यूट्रॉन की संख्या, द्रव्यमान और स्थिरता बदलते हैं — उदासीन परमाणु का इलेक्ट्रॉन विन्यास नहीं।
सांकेतिक परमाणु मॉडल, वास्तविक अनुपात में नहीं।
परमाणु पहचान-चिह्न
उत्सर्जन / अवशोषण स्पेक्ट्रम
समस्थानिक वितरण
कोई स्थिर समस्थानिक नहीं है।
| द्रव्यमान संख्या | परमाणु द्रव्यमान (u) | प्राकृतिक प्रचुरता | अर्धायु |
|---|---|---|---|
| 233 रेडियोधर्मी | 233.05264 ± 0.00032 | उपलब्ध नहीं | 900 ms |
| 216 रेडियोधर्मी | 216.0031899 ± 0.0000045 | उपलब्ध नहीं | 700 ns |
| 203 रेडियोधर्मी | 203.0009407 ± 0.0000067 | उपलब्ध नहीं | 550 ms |
| 202 रेडियोधर्मी | 202.00332 ± 0.000055 | उपलब्ध नहीं | 372 ms |
| 215 रेडियोधर्मी | 215.0003418 ± 0.0000076 | उपलब्ध नहीं | 90 ns |
प्रावस्था / अवस्था
कारण: गलनांक (26.85 °C) से 1.9 °C कम
सांकेतिक, वास्तविक अनुपात में नहीं
प्रावस्था संक्रमण बिंदु
संक्रमण ऊर्जाएँ
गलनांक पर 1 mol को पिघलाने के लिए आवश्यक ऊर्जा
क्वथनांक पर 1 mol को वाष्पित करने के लिए आवश्यक ऊर्जा
ऊर्ध्वपातनांक पर 1 mol के ऊर्ध्वपातन के लिए आवश्यक ऊर्जा
घनत्व
मानक परिस्थितियों में
मानक परिस्थितियों में
परमाणु स्पेक्ट्रम
87 में से 10 दिखाए जा रहे हैं। आयन के आवेश के अनुसार आरोही क्रम में व्यवस्थित।
उपलब्ध स्पेक्ट्रमी रेखा डेटा ?
| आयन | आवेश | कुल रेखाएँ | संक्रमण प्रायिकताएँ | स्तर पदनाम |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fr I | 0 | 149 | 149 | 149 |
उपलब्ध ऊर्जा स्तर डेटा ?
| आयन | आवेश | स्तर |
|---|---|---|
| Fr I | 0 | 123 |
| Fr II | +1 | 2 |
| Fr III | +2 | 2 |
| Fr IV | +3 | 2 |
| Fr V | +4 | 2 |
| Fr VI | +5 | 2 |
| Fr VII | +6 | 2 |
| Fr VIII | +7 | 2 |
| Fr IX | +8 | 2 |
| Fr X | +9 | 2 |
क्रिस्टल संरचना का डेटा उपलब्ध नहीं है
क्रिस्टल संरचना: bcc
आयनिक त्रिज्याएँ
| आवेश | उपसहसंयोजन | प्रचक्रण | त्रिज्या |
|---|---|---|---|
| +1 | 6 | उपलब्ध नहीं | 180 pm |
यौगिक
समस्थानिक (5)
| द्रव्यमान संख्या | परमाणु द्रव्यमान (u) | प्राकृतिक प्रचुरता | अर्धायु | क्षय का प्रकार | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 233 रेडियोधर्मी | 233.05264 ± 0.00032 | उपलब्ध नहीं | 900 ms | β- =100%β-n ? | |
| 216 रेडियोधर्मी | 216.0031899 ± 0.0000045 | उपलब्ध नहीं | 700 ns | α =100%β+ ? | |
| 203 रेडियोधर्मी | 203.0009407 ± 0.0000067 | उपलब्ध नहीं | 550 ms | α ≈100%β+ ? | |
| 202 रेडियोधर्मी | 202.00332 ± 0.000055 | उपलब्ध नहीं | 372 ms | α ≈100%β+ ? | |
| 215 रेडियोधर्मी | 215.0003418 ± 0.0000076 | उपलब्ध नहीं | 90 ns | α =100% |
स्पेक्ट्रमी रेखाएँ
| तरंगदैर्घ्य (nm) | तीव्रता | आयनन अवस्था | प्रकार | संक्रमण | सटीकता | स्रोत | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 422.56552 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 7s 2S → 8p 2P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 432.53607 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 7s 2S → 8p 2P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 494.61573 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 20d 2D | मापित | NIST | |
| 495.91444 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 19d 2D | मापित | NIST | |
| 496.90308 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 20s 2S | मापित | NIST | |
| 497.49878 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 18d 2D | मापित | NIST | |
| 498.7192 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 19s 2S | मापित | NIST | |
| 499.45999 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 17d 2D | मापित | NIST | |
| 500.99176 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 18s 2S | मापित | NIST | |
| 501.92929 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 16d 2D | मापित | NIST | |
| 503.88964 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 17s 2S | मापित | NIST | |
| 505.10105 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 15d 2D | मापित | NIST | |
| 507.66912 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 16s 2S | मापित | NIST | |
| 509.27532 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 14d 2D | मापित | NIST | |
| 512.73622 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 15s 2S | मापित | NIST | |
| 514.93307 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 13d 2D | मापित | NIST | |
| 519.7664 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 14s 2S | मापित | NIST | |
| 522.89168 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 12d 2D | मापित | NIST | |
| 529.95916 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 13s 2S | मापित | NIST | |
| 534.64166 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 11d 2D | मापित | NIST | |
| 539.61762 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 20d 2D | मापित | NIST | |
| 539.6469 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 20d 2D | मापित | NIST | |
| 541.15779 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 19d 2D | मापित | NIST | |
| 541.19321 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 19d 2D | मापित | NIST | |
| 542.37083 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 20s 2S | मापित | NIST | |
| 543.03716 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 18d 2D | मापित | NIST | |
| 543.08061 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 18d 2D | मापित | NIST | |
| 544.53524 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 19s 2S | मापित | NIST | |
| 545.36417 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 17d 2D | मापित | NIST | |
| 545.4185 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 17d 2D | मापित | NIST | |
| 545.63748 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 12s 2S | मापित | NIST | |
| 547.24565 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 18s 2S | मापित | NIST | |
| 548.29545 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 16d 2D | मापित | NIST | |
| 548.36447 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 16d 2D | मापित | NIST | |
| 550.70515 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 17s 2S | मापित | NIST | |
| 552.06365 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 15d 2D | मापित | NIST | |
| 552.15244 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 15d 2D | मापित | NIST | |
| 553.17161 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 10d 2D | मापित | NIST | |
| 555.22268 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 16s 2S | मापित | NIST | |
| 557.02549 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 14d 2D | मापित | NIST | |
| 557.14445 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 14d 2D | मापित | NIST | |
| 561.28917 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 15s 2S | मापित | NIST | |
| 563.7589 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 13d 2D | मापित | NIST | |
| 563.92284 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 13d 2D | मापित | NIST | |
| 569.72475 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 14s 2S | मापित | NIST | |
| 571.87464 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 11s 2S | मापित | NIST | |
| 573.24676 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 12d 2D | मापित | NIST | |
| 573.48185 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 12d 2D | मापित | NIST | |
| 585.3491 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 9d 2D | मापित | NIST | |
| 587.29 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 11d 2D | मापित | NIST | |
| 587.64619 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 11d 2D | मापित | NIST | |
| 600.95745 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 12s 2S | मापित | NIST | |
| 609.52762 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 10d 2D | मापित | NIST | |
| 610.10952 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 10d 2D | मापित | NIST | |
| 618.5596 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 20p 2P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 618.7831 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 20p 2P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 621.0658 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 19p 2P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 621.3414 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 19p 2P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 621.98126 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 10s 2S | मापित | NIST | |
| 624.178 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 18p 2P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 624.5235 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 18p 2P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 626.3009 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 20p 2P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 628.1118 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 17p 2P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 628.5529 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 17p 2P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 628.8704 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 19p 2P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 632.0616 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 18p 2P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 632.9403 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 11s 2S | मापित | NIST | |
| 633.1901 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 16p 2P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 633.7661 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 16p 2P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 636.0957 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 17p 2P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 639.9141 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 15p 2P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 640.6887 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 15p 2P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 641.3044 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 16p 2P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 648.2027 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 15p 2P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 648.421 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 9d 2D | मापित | NIST | |
| 649.103 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 14p 2P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 649.4876 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 9d 2D | मापित | NIST | |
| 650.1812 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 14p 2P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 650.7242 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 8d 2D | मापित | NIST | |
| 657.633 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 14p 2P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 662.174 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 13p 2P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 663.746 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 13p 2P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 671.054 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 13p 2P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 681.787 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 12p 2P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 684.222 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 12p 2P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 691.204 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 12p 2P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 694.8987 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 10s 2S | मापित | NIST | |
| 713.491 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 11p 2P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 717.615 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 11p 2P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 717.98664 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 7s 2S → 7p 2P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 723.811 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 6d 2D → 11p 2P* | मापित | NIST | |
| 728.5892 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 8d 2D | मापित | NIST | |
| 730.9713 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 8d 2D | मापित | NIST | |
| 744.1976 nm | उपलब्ध नहीं | Fr I | emission | 7p 2P* → 9s 2S | मापित | NIST |
विस्तृत गुण
सहसंयोजक त्रिज्याएँ (विस्तृत)
- सहसंयोजक त्रिज्या (प्यूक्को)
- 223 pm
- सहसंयोजक त्रिज्या (प्यूक्को, द्विबंध)
- 218 pm
वान डर वाल्स त्रिज्याएँ
- Truhlar
- 348 pm
- UFF
- 490 pm
- MM3
- 364 pm
परमाणु और धात्विक त्रिज्याएँ
- परमाणु त्रिज्या (राह्म)
- 258 pm
संख्यांकन मापक्रम
- Mendeleev
- 6
- Pettifor
- 7
- Glawe
- 7
विद्युतऋणात्मकता मापक्रम
- Ghosh
- 0
ध्रुवणीयता और परिक्षेपण
- द्विध्रुव ध्रुवणीयता
- 317.8 a.u.
- द्विध्रुव ध्रुवणीयता (अनिश्चितता)
- 2.4 a.u.
प्रावस्था संक्रमण और अपररूप
| गलनांक | 294.15 K |
ऑक्सीकरण अवस्था की श्रेणियाँ
उन्नत संदर्भ डेटा
क्रिस्टल त्रिज्याओं का विवरण (1)
| आवेश | CN | प्रचक्रण | rcrystal (pm) | उत्पत्ति |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | VI | 194 | Ahrens (1952) ionic radius, |
समस्थानिक क्षय के प्रकार (60)
| समस्थानिक | मोड | तीव्रता |
|---|---|---|
| 197 | A | 100% |
| 198 | A | 100% |
| 199 | A | 100% |
| 199 | B+ | — |
| 200 | A | 100% |
| 200 | B+ | — |
| 200 | B+SF | — |
| 201 | A | 100% |
| 201 | B+ | — |
| 202 | A | 100% |
एक्स-रे प्रकीर्णन गुणक (516)
| ऊर्जा (eV) | f₁ | f₂ |
|---|---|---|
| 10 | — | 0.05044 |
| 10.1617 | — | 0.06059 |
| 10.3261 | — | 0.07277 |
| 10.4931 | — | 0.08938 |
| 10.6628 | — | 0.11712 |
| 10.8353 | — | 0.15347 |
| 11.0106 | — | 0.20109 |
| 11.1886 | — | 0.26349 |
| 11.3696 | — | 0.40321 |
| 11.5535 | — | 0.63759 |
अतिरिक्त डेटा
Estimated Crustal Abundance
The estimated element abundance in the earth's crust.
Not Applicable
संदर्भ (1)
- [5] Francium https://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele087.html
Estimated Oceanic Abundance
The estimated element abundance in the earth's oceans.
Not Applicable
संदर्भ (1)
- [5] Francium https://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele087.html
संदर्भ
(9)
Data deposited in or computed by PubChem
The half-life and atomic mass data was provided by the Atomic Mass Data Center at the International Atomic Energy Agency.
Element data are cited from the Atomic weights of the elements (an IUPAC Technical Report). The IUPAC periodic table of elements can be found at https://iupac.org/what-we-do/periodic-table-of-elements/. Additional information can be found within IUPAC publication doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0703 Copyright © 2020 International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.
The information are cited from Pure Appl. Chem. 2018; 90(12): 1833-2092, https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2015-0703.
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jefferson Lab) is one of 17 national laboratories funded by the U.S. Department of Energy. The lab's primary mission is to conduct basic research of the atom's nucleus using the lab's unique particle accelerator, known as the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF). For more information visit https://www.jlab.org/
The periodic table at the LANL (Los Alamos National Laboratory) contains basic element information together with the history, source, properties, use, handling and more. The provenance data may be found from the link under the source name.
The periodic table contains NIST's critically-evaluated data on atomic properties of the elements. The provenance data that include data for atomic spectroscopy, X-ray and gamma ray, radiation dosimetry, nuclear physics, and condensed matter physics may be found from the link under the source name. Ref: https://www.nist.gov/pml/atomic-spectra-database
This section provides all form of data related to element Francium.
The element property data was retrieved from publications.